International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-6S, April 2019

FPGA Based DNA Cryptography System for

Medical Image Data Analysis Process
Fazal Noorbasha, S. Mohit Srinath, SK. Khadir Bhasha, P. Jagadish, K Hari Kishore

The expensive use of medical image over the open system

Abstract: Field Programmable Gated Array (FPGA) has been has made the researchers to carry out intensive research on
utilized for various prototyping and cryptographic algorithm and processing, compacting/compressing and securing the
system applications. Because of the parallel and reprogrammable medical images. Cryptography, the field of computer
engineering of FPGAs, the adaptability of cryptographic
science and mathematics gives various algorithms to
algorithm can be exploited to accomplish high throughputs to the
detriment of very small chip area. New methods have come into overcome the security challenges of a variety of data
the scene to diminish the activity while maintain up the adequate including text documents, multimedia records and medical
level of security. Partial encryption is one of the methods which pictures [4]. Cryptographic systems have been used for a
specifically encrypt and decrypt the bulky medical images. long time starting now and into the foreseeable future. That
Meanwhile, if a similar medical image is should have been is cryptography consists in processing plain data by
reused for another diagnosis, at that point it is prescribed to applying a figure and acquiring encoded output, which
secure the whole medical image. In this research, we propose low would seem meaningless to a third party who does not know
cost FPGA based DNA cryptosystem gives high throughput to anything about the key includes at least one keys.
region proportion for medical data getting to process.
The quantity of cryptographic algorithm as far as
encryption and digital signature has been accounted for in
Keywords: FPGA, DNA, Cryptography, Image, Medical.
the literature. The traditional encryptions like DES (Date
Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption
I. INTRODUCTION
Standard) as well as Triple DES have done great work over
Data security has been an issue of real interest since the textual data and digital image. But these techniques
decades. In the process of communicating data, the systems cannot be used over medical images because of their several
of data swapping has been reformed consequently the need behaviors like bulky data size and high redundancy [5].
of data validness and integrity has additionally essential. Specific images encryption will in general limit the handling
Different cryptosystems and algorithms have been time while keeping up the adequate dimension of security.
anticipated in such manner. A cryptosystem is hardware or This has attracted researched to develop some specific
programming that can change the data from its unique image encryption schemes especially for securing medical
comprehensible form into a mixed form so that the original images. These algorithms are helpful in several medical
data can be uncovered to some chosen people only [1]. applications like mobile health care and wireless medical
Cryptosystems have developed throughout the years from networking for securing medical images [6]. FPGA is an
Ceaser's figure, which depended on simply moving of incorporated circuit that can be reconfigured by planners
letters, to the modern AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) themselves. With every reconfiguration, which takes just a
proposed by Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen. small amount of a second, a coordinated circuit can play out
Cryptographic hardware designs have been one more field a totally different function. FPGA applications incorporate
of enthusiasm for some analysts [2]. Several of hardware DSP applications, imaging, discourse acknowledgment,
cryptosystems have been implemented in which the cryptography, equipment imitating and for some other
inclination of hardware might be microprocessors, application explicit employments. We proposed a DNA
microcontrollers, and custom ASICs based cryptosystems based cryptosystem to be the rising field for encoding the
[3]. Swift development in the field of information digital images. The mainly advantage of DNA based
technology and drug has expanded the utilization of digital algorithm are monstrous/massive parallelism, extremely low
medical images in a few applications, for example, tele- power utilization, large data storage and offers unbreakable
diagnosis, tele-surgery and so on. cryptosystem.

II. DNA BASED ENCODING AND KEY

GENERATION PROCESS

Revised Manuscript Received on April 14, 2019. DNA means deoxyribonucleic acid formed using 4 basic
Fazal Noorbasha, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education nucleic acids namely Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India (G), Thymine (T), the pairs as (A,T) as well as (C,G) are
S. Mohit Srinath, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education complement each other. Figure 1 shows the structure of
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
SK. Khadir Bhasha, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah
DNA and Binary values assigned to A, C, G and T.
Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
P. Jagadish, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
K Hari Kishore, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: F60370486S19\19©BEIESP 128 & Sciences Publication
 FPGA Based DNA Cryptography System for Medical Image Data Analysis Process

Fig. 1 Structure of DNA and Binary Equivalent Value

By using these DNA bases, one can formulate 24 kinds of encoding rule sets to encode the image pixels as shown in
encoding rule. But, out of 24 rules, only 8 coding rules Table 1.
which satisfy Watson-Crick complement rule [7]. The 8
Table. 1 Eight Sets of DNA Encoding Rule

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is 6 times replacing inputs by explicit yields (substitutions) and others
faster than triple DES. A modification for DES was required include rearranging bits around (stages). Interestingly, AES
as its key size was very small. With expanding processing performs all its computations on bytes instead of bits.
power, it was considered vulnerable against exhaustive key Consequently, AES treats the 128 bits of a plaintext block as
search attach [8]. Triple DES was designed to overcome this 16 bytes. These 16 bytes are arranged in four sections and
drawback but it was found slow. The highlights of AES are four columns for handling as a framework [9-10]. Unlike
symmetric key symmetric block cipher, 128-bit data, DES, the quantity of rounds in AES is variable and depends
128/192/256-bit keys, Stronger and faster than Triple-DES. upon the length of the key. AES utilizes 10 rounds for 128-
AES is an iterative instead of feistel cipher. It depends on piece keys, 12 rounds for 192-piece keys and 14 rounds for
'substitution– permutation network'. It includes a 256-piece keys. Every one of these rounds utilizes an
progression of connected activities, some of which include alternate 128-piece round key, which is determined from the
first AES key.

III. DNA BASED IMAGE ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION PROCESS

Fig. 2 DNA Encryption process [A] Flowchart and [B] Process Flow
The MRI scan image is converted into pixels and then into STEP3: Binary Key generation (AES algorithm).
binary values and then it is converted into DNA code. The STEP4: Encryption: X-OR operation between image binary
process of encryption is shown in Figure 2A. Figure 2B, data and binary key
shows the Image to DNA encryption cryptography process. STEP 5: Binary encryption data is converted into DNA code
The scanned image is converted to pixels using MATLAB in the form of A, C, G and T, Assigning binary as A=00,
and then binary to DNA process. C=01, G=10, T=11 respectively.
Steps of involved in the DNA based encryption process:
STEP1: Conversion of analog image into digital pixels
STEP2: Assigning the binary values to each pixel.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: F60370486S19\19©BEIESP 129 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-6S, April 2019

Fig. 3 Decryption process of RGB image. A) Flowchart B) Diagrammatic representation of flow

At receiver end during decryption process encrypted DNA
code of MRI image is taken as input. Complete flow for
decryption process shown in Figure 3A and 3B. DNA code
is converted to binary code, then to equivalent decimal and
combines to get image.

IV. FPGA SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS AND

SIMULATION RESULTS
FPGAs are becoming a major part of every system. For
this DMA cryptography design we used Xilinx (Spartan-3).
We developed hardware part by using Verilog HDL code.
Figure 4 and Figure 5 are shows the RTL (FPGA) schematic Fig. 4 RTL Schematic of Encryption module
view of Encryption and Decryption modules. The
encryption and decryption FPGA device utilization is used
as LUTs are 96, input buffers are 84, output buffers 72,
number of slices 30 and Global Clocks (GCLKs) are 1. The
average connection delay for encryption is 4.8ns. The
average connection delay for decryption design is 3.5ns.
The total power consumed at encryption side is 11.493 W.
The total power consumed at the decryption side is 3.619 W.
Figure 6 and Figure 7 shows the simulation timing results of
encryption and decryption modules. Table 2 gives the
device utilization report.
Fig. 5 RTL Schematic of Decryption module

Fig. 6 DNA encryption of MRI image

Fig. 7 Decryption of DNA code to pixel values of the image

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: F60370486S19\19©BEIESP 130 & Sciences Publication
 FPGA Based DNA Cryptography System for Medical Image Data Analysis Process

Table. 2 Device Utilization report

V. CONCLUSIONS 12. Bindu Bhargavi, K., Hari Kishore, K. Low Power Bist on Memory
Interface Logic (2015) International Journal of Applied Engineering
We have proposed a DNA based cryptography algorithm Research, 10 (8), pp. 21079-21090.
using AES key, that increase complexity in each round thus 13. Charan, N.S., Kishore, K.H. Recognization of delay faults in cluster
it can increase the security. So that it increases the efficiency based FPGA using BIST (2016) Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, 9 (28).
and gives high accuracy. By using same security algorithm, 14. Hari Kishore, K., Aswin Kumar, C.V.R.N., Vijay Srinivas, T.,
we are optimizing the resource utilization. To implement Govardhan, G.V., Pavan Kumar, C.N., Venkatesh, R.V. Design and
this designed we have used Verilog HDL. The total process analysis of high efficient UART on spartan-6 and virtex-7 devices
is tested on FPGA Spartan 3 Kit. The total power consumed (2015) International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10 (9),
pp. 23043-23052.
by encryption module is 11.493 W. The total power 15. Kante, S., Kakarla, H.K., Yadlapati, A. Design and verification of
consumed by decryption module is 3.619 W. The memory AMBA AHB-lite protocol using Verilog HDL (2016) International
utilization of encryption module is 682.5 MB with the gain Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8 (2), pp. 734-741.
of 383.3 as well as for the decryption module the memory 16. Bandlamoodi, S., Hari Kishore, K. An FPGA implementation of phase-
locked loop (PLL) with self-healing VCO (2015) International Journal
utilization is 685.7 MB with the gain of 386.3. For medical of Applied Engineering Research, 10 (14), pp. 34137-34139.
images data analysis this algorithm secures the data. New 17. Murali, A., Hari Kishore, K., Rama Krishna, C.P., Kumar, S., Trinadha
methodologies can help this algorithm in future to diminish Rao, A. Integrating the reconfigurable devices using slow-changing
the activity while keeping up the adequate level of security. key technique to achieve high performance (2017) Proceedings - 7th
IEEE International Advanced Computing Conference, IACC 2017, art.
no. 7976849, pp. 530-534.
REFERENCES 18. A. Surendar, K. H. Kishore, M. Kavitha, A. Z. Ibatova, V. Samavatian
“Effects of Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue and Low Cycle Fatigue
1. Muhammad Sohail Ibrahim, Irfan Ahmed , M. Imran Aslam,
Interaction on Performance of Solder Joints” IEEE Transactions on
Muhammad Ghazaal, Muhammad Usman, Kamran Raza and Shujaat
Device and Materials Reliability, P-ISSN: 1530-4388, E-ISSN: 1558-
Khan, “A Low Cost FPGA based Cryptosystem Design for High
2574, Vol No: 18, Issue No: 4, Page No: 606-612, December-2018.
Throughput Area Ratio” (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced
19. N Bala Dastagiri K Hari Kishore “A 14-bit 10kS/s Power Efficient
Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2017, PP. 385-393.
65nm SAR ADC for Cardiac Implantable Medical Devices”
2. M. Ebrahim, S. Khan, and U. B. Khalid, “Symmetric algorithm survey:
International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE), ISSN No:
A comparative analysis,” International Journal of Computer
2227-524X, Vol No: 7, Issue No: 2.8, Page No: 34-39, March 2018.
Applications, Vol. 61, No. 20, 2014, PP. 12-19.
20. N Bala Dastagiri, Kakarla Hari Kishore "Reduction of Kickback Noise
3. Nisar Ahmed, Hafiz Muhammad Shahzad Asif and Gulshan Saleem,
in Latched Comparators for Cardiac IMDs” Indian Journal of Science
“A Benchmark for Performance Evaluation and Security Assessment of
and Technology, ISSN No: 0974-6846, Vol No.9, Issue No.43, Page:
Image Encryption Schemes”, I. J. Computer Network and Information
1-6, November 2016.
Security, Vol. 8, No. 12, 2016, PP.18-29.
21. N Bala Dastagiri, K Hari Kishore "Analysis of Low Power Low
4. Upputuri Neelima, Fazal Noorbasha, “Data Encryption and Decryption
Kickback Noise in Dynamic Comparators in Pacemakers” Indian
using Reed-Muller Techniques”, International Journal of Engineering
Journal of Science and Technology, ISSN No: 0974-6846, Vol No.9,
and Technology (IJET), ISSN : 0975-4024 Vol 8 No 1 Feb-Mar 2016,
Issue No.44, page: 1-4, November 2016.
PP. 83-91.
22. Meka Bharadwaj, Hari Kishore "Enhanced Launch-Off-Capture
5. Fazal Noorbasha, M. Manasa, R. Tulasi Gouthami, S. Sruthi, D. Hari
Testing Using BIST Designs” Journal of Engineering and Applied
Priya, N. Prashanth, And Md. Zia Ur Rahman, “FPGA Implementation
Sciences, ISSN No: 1816-949X, Vol No.12, Issue No.3, page: 636-643,
Of Cryptographic Systems For Symmetric Encryption”, Journal of
April 2017.
Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 15th May 2017.
23. Dr. Seetaiah Kilaru, Hari Kishore K, Sravani T, Anvesh Chowdary L,
Vol.95. No 9, PP. 2038-2045
Balaji T “Review and Analysis of Promising Technologies with
6. Fazal Noorbasha, C.H. Vainatheyi, R. Goutham, P. Raviteja, B.
Respect to fifth Generation Networks”, 2014 First International
Karthik, “Implementation of Image Secured Hybrid AES - DNA
Conference on Networks and Soft Computing,ISSN:978-1-4799-3486-
Algorithm Using Verilog HDL”, Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical &
7/14,pp.248-251,August 2014.
Control Systems, Vol. 10, 02-Special Issue, 2018, PP. 452-458.
24. P Bala Gopal, K Hari Kishore, R.R Kalyan Venkatesh, P Harinath
7. G Divya, Fazal Noorbasha, “Implementation of DNA Based
Mandalapu “An FPGA Implementation of On Chip UART Testing
Cryptography Using OTP Random Key Generation Process”, Jour of
with BIST Techniques”, International Journal of Applied Engineering
Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 02-Special
Research, ISSN 0973-4562, Volume 10, Number 14 , pp. 34047-34051,
Issue, 2018, PP. 481-490.
August 2015.
8. Ali Al-Haj, Hiba Abdel-Nabi, “Digital image security based on data
25. Avinash Yadlapati, Hari Kishore Kakarla “Design and Verification of
hiding and cryptography”, 3rd International Conference on Information
Asynchronous FIFO with Novel Architecture Using Verilog HDL”
Management , 21-23 April 2017, PP. 437-440.
Journal of Engineering and Appli ed Sci ences , ISSN No:
9. Dilovan Asaad Zebari, Habibollah Haron, Subhi R. M. Zeebaree, Diyar
1816-949X, Vol No: 14, Issue No: 1, Page No: 159-163, January 2019.
Qader Zeebaree “Multi-Level of DNA Encryption Technique Based on
DNA Arithmetic and Biological Operations”, International Conference
on Advanced Science and Engineering (ICOASE), Vol.978(1), PP.312-
317, 2018.
10. Wenting Yuan, Xuelin Yang, Wei Guo, Weisheng Hu, “A double-
domain image encryption using hyper chaos” 19th International
Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2017, PP. 1-4.
11. Yadlapati, A., Kakarla, H.K. An Advanced AXI Protocol Verification
using Verilog HDL (2015) Wulfenia, 22 (4), pp. 307-314.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: F60370486S19\19©BEIESP 131 & Sciences Publication