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Planning

Planning involves creating and maintaining plans at both the organizational and individual level. It requires forecasting future developments and scenarios and integrating plans. Planning is a fundamental part of intelligent behavior and involves creating documents, diagrams, and meetings to discuss objectives, strategies, and important issues. There are different types of planning for various contexts including business, events, finances, infrastructure, and more. Effective planning requires clearly defining goals, reviewing past performance, identifying issues and requirements, and periodically reviewing and updating plans.

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60 views4 pages

Planning

Planning involves creating and maintaining plans at both the organizational and individual level. It requires forecasting future developments and scenarios and integrating plans. Planning is a fundamental part of intelligent behavior and involves creating documents, diagrams, and meetings to discuss objectives, strategies, and important issues. There are different types of planning for various contexts including business, events, finances, infrastructure, and more. Effective planning requires clearly defining goals, reviewing past performance, identifying issues and requirements, and periodically reviewing and updating plans.

Uploaded by

leonardvitus
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Planning

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Not to be confused with Plan (disambiguation).

Planning in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating
and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities
required to create a desired goal on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of
intelligent behavior. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a
plan, or integration of it with other plans, that is, it combines forecasting of developments
with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them.

The term is also used to describe the formal procedures used in such an endeavor, such as
the creation of documents diagrams, or meetings to discuss the important issues to be
addressed, the objectives to be met, and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this,
planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which
it is used.

Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension: on


the one hand we need to be prepared for what may
lie ahead, which may mean contingencies and
flexible processes. On the other hand, our future is
shaped by consequences of our own planning and
actions. Overview
Planning is a process for accomplishing purpose. It is blue print of business growth and a
road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and
qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in view the
resources.

What should a plan be?

A plan should be a realistic view of the expectations. Depending upon the activities, a
plan can be long range, intermediate range or short range. It is the framework within
which it must operate. For management seeking external support, the plan is the most
important document and key to growth. Preparation of a comprehensive plan will not
guarantee success, but lack of a sound plan will almost certainly ensure failure.

Purpose of Plan
Just as no two organizations are alike, so also their plans. It is therefore important to
prepare a plan keeping in view the necessities of the enterprise. A plan is an important
aspect of business. It serves the following three critical functions:

• Helps management to clarify, focus, and research their business's or project's


development and prospects.
• Provides a considered and logical framework within which a business can develop
and pursue business strategies over the next three to five years.
• Offers a benchmark against which actual performance can be measured and
reviewed.

Importance of the planning Process

A plan can play a vital role in helping to avoid mistakes or recognize hidden
opportunities. Preparing a satisfactory plan of the organization is essential. The planning
process enables management to understand more clearly what they want to achieve, and
how and when they can do it.

A well-prepared business plan demonstrates that the managers know the business and that
they have thought through its development in terms of products, management, finances,
and most importantly, markets and competition.

Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes the future visible to some extent. It
bridges between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is looking ahead.

] Types of plans or planning


1. Architectural planning
2. Business plan
3. Comprehensive planning
4. Enterprise Architecture Planning
5. Event Planning and Production
6. Family planning
7. Financial planning
8. Infrastructure planning
9. Land use planning
10. Life planning
11. Marketing plan
12. Network resource planning
13. Strategic planning
14. Urban planning

Planning basics
Essentials of planning
Planning is not done off hand. It is prepared after careful and extensive research. For a
comprehensive business plan, management has to

1. Clearly define the target / goal in writing.


1. It should be set by a person having authority.
2. The goal should be realistic.
3. It should be specific.
4. Acceptability
5. Easily measurable
2. Identify all the main issues which need to be addressed.
3. Review past performance.
4. Decide budgetary requirement.
5. Focus on matters of strategic importance.
6. What are requirements and how will they be met?
7. What will be the likely length of the plan and its structure?
8. Identify shortcomings in the concept and gaps.
9. Strategies for implementation.
10. Review periodically.

Applications
In organizations

Planning is also a management process, concerned with defining goals for future
organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources to be used in order to
attain those goals. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business
plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. The purpose may be
achievement of certain goals or targets. The planning helps to achieve these goals or
target by using the available time and resources. To minimize the timing and resources
also require proper planning. The concept of planning is to identify what the organization
wants to do by using the four questions which are “where are we today in terms of our
business or strategy planning? Where are going? Where do we want to go? How are we
going to get there? [1]

Notes
1. ^ Dalziel, Murray, and Stephen C. Schoonover. "Changing Ways: A Practical
Tool for Implementing Change Within Organizations." New York:
Amacom/American Management Association, 1988. Print.

In public policy

Planning refers to the practice and the profession associated with the idea of planning an
idea yourself, (land use planning, urban planning or spatial planning). In many countries,
the operation of a town and country planning system is often referred to as 'planning' and
the professionals which operate the system are known as 'planners'.......

It is a conscious as well as sub-conscious activity. It is “an anticipatory decision making


process ” that helps in coping with complexities. It is deciding future course of action
from amongst alternatives. It is a process that involves making and evaluating each set of
interrelated decisions. It is selection of missions, objectives and “ translation of
knowledge into action.” A planned performance brings better results compared to
unplanned one. A Managers’ job is planning, monitoring and controlling. Planning and
goal setting are important traits of an organization. It is done at all levels of the
organization. Planning includes the plan, the thought process, action, and
implementation.Planning gives more power over the future. Planning is deciding in
advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. It bridges the gap
from where the organization is to where it wants to be. The planning function involves
establishing goals and arranging them in logical order.

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