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Supports

Restrain the degrees-of-freedom of selected nodes. Replace or remove the support conditions previously defined.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Supports > Define Supports.

Click to the right of Supports: Display the Support Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is
unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary
Groups.

Options

Add: Add new restraints to selected nodes

Replace: Replace previously defined restraints on selected nodes

Delete: Delete previously defined restraints on selected nodes

Support Type

Select the components of the degrees of freedom of the selected nodes to be restrained. The components correspond to
the GCS (Nodal local coordinate system if it is defined) (refer to "Coordinate system and nodes").

D-ALL: All displacement degrees-of-freedom

Dx: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS X-direction

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(Nodal local x-axis direction)

Dy: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Y-direction

(Nodal local y-axis direction)

Dz: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Z-direction

(Nodal local z-axis direction)

R-ALL: All rotational degrees-of-freedom

Rx: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS X-axis

(Nodal local x-axis)

Ry: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Y-axis

(Nodal local y-axis)

Rz: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Z-axis

(Nodal local z-axis)

Rw: Warping degree-of-freedom about GCS X-axis (Node's local x-axis)

Point Spring Supports

Enter Spring Stiffness of selected nodes in each direction of GCS or nodal local coordinate system. Replace or remove previously defined
spring stiffness.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Spring Supports > Point Spring Supports.

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Click to the right of Point Spring Supports: Display the Point Spring Support Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is
unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary
Groups.

Options

Add: Add new spring stiffness to selected nodes

Replace: Replace previously defined spring stiffness of selected nodes

Delete: Delete previously defined spring stiffness of selected nodes

Point Spring

Enter spring stiffness.

Linear Type: Enter the stiffness of linear elastic spring.

SDx: Spring stiffness in GCS X-direction (or nodal local x-direction when defined)

SDy: Spring stiffness in GCS Y-direction (or nodal local y-direction when defined)

SDz: Spring stiffness in GCS Z-direction (or nodal local z-direction when defined)

SRx: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS X-axis (or nodal local x-axis when defined)

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SRy: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS Y-axis (or nodal local y-axis when defined)

SRz: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS Z-axis (or nodal local z-axis when defined)
Compression-only/Tension-only Type: Enter the compression-only/tension-only type elastic spring.

Stiffness: Tension-only/compression-only spring stiffness about the x-axis direction of the local element
coordinate system.

Direction: Enter the direction o f a spring with respect to the node local coordinate system.

Note

1. Compression-only / Tension-only Type of Point Spring Support cannot be applied to Dynamic Analysis.

Multi-Linear Type: Enter the multi-linear type elastic spring.

Multi-Linear Type: Enter the tensile stiffness and compressive stiffness of a spring symmetrically or
asymmetrically.

Compression in a spring is defined to be the positive (+)

displacement. That is, the stiffness shown in the first quadrant of the left guide diagram represents the stiffness
of a spring subjected to compression.

a ~ f: User can directly input the hysteresis of spring stiffness. The final stiffness (k, gradient) is maintained
beyond the defined range.

Direction: Enter the direction of a spring with respect to the node local coordinate system.

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1. Multi-linear Type of Point Spring Support cannot be applied to Dynamic Analysis.

2. The slopes in the external sections, which are not defined by the user, are based on the same slopes defined by the last two nodes.

Surface Spring Supports

Enter spring stiffness per unit supporting area of planar or solid elements to create elastic spring supports. Elastic Link elements may be
created simultaneously. This function is mainly used to define a number of elastic supports on surfaces represented by the modulus of
spring. For example, if the user wishes to define elastic supports for subgrades of foundations or underground structures, subgrade springs
will be automatically entered at each node represented by concentrated stiffness. This function enables the user to specify the surface or
line stiffness without having to worry about the discretization (sizes) of elements, which is automatically taken care of by the program.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Spring Supports > Surface Spring Supports.

Click to the right of Surface Spring Supports: Display the Surface Spring Supports Table

Note
The data entered in Surface Spring Supports are converted into Point Spring Supports or Elastic Link data and saved as
such.

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment
is unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete
Boundary Groups.

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Surface Spring

Convert to Nodal Spring

Select a type of data to be created using the stiffness per unit area.

Point Spring: Point spring support

Elastic Link: Elastic link element

Distributed Spring
Enter the distributed spring stiffness to beam, planer or solid elements in order to consider elastic support conditions of
subgrades.

When Point Spring is selected

When Elastic Link is selected

When Distributed Spring is selected

Note Difference between Convert to Nodal Spring and Distributed Spring

Define General Spring Type

Define the values of General Spring Support with 6x6 coupled matrix for stiffness, damping and mass to represent the dynamic properties
of pile-soil system.

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From the Main Menu select Boundary > Spring Supports > General Spring > Define General Spring Type.

Name
Enter the name of general nodal spring stiffness.

Input Method

Stiffness Matrix

Mass Matrix: Check on to enter the mass matrix.

Damping Matrix: Check on to enter the damping matrix.

Coupled Spring Stiffness

Enter the values of general nodal spring stiffness.

SDx-SDx
Spring stiffness in x-direction of GCS or node's local coordinate system (when node's local coordinate system is declared)

SDx-SDy
Spring stiffness related to x- and y-direction of GCS or node's local coordinate system (when node's local coordinate
system is declared)

SRz-SRz
Rotational spring stiffness about z-direction of GCS or node's local coordinate system (when node's local coordinate
system is declared)

Note 1
General spring is normally used to reflect the support stiffness of piles. Pile support stiffness related to each degree-of-
freedom are considered in the structural analysis.

In typical building structures, analysis models do not include the pile footings. Instead, boundary springs are assumed to exist at the
bottom of foundation or at the pile caps. The following general stiffness offers true stiffness of pile elements. For batter piles, use Node's
local Axis to calculate the stiffness in the skewed directions.

Composition of general spring stiffness

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* Assumptions

Modulus of elasticity: E

Section's moments of inertia: Iy, Iz

Cross sectional area: A

Length: L

(Shear deformation not considered)

Note 2 Applicable analysis types with General Spring Support (Damping Matrices)

Related analysis functions are as follows:

Eigenvalue analysis

Response spectrum analysis

Linear time history analysis

Nonlinear time history analysis

Applicable analysis type for damping matrix are as follows:

Response spectrum analysis with Strain Energy Damping

Linear and nonlinear time history analysis (Analysis Method: Modal) with Strain Energy Damping

Linear and nonlinear time history analysis (Analysis Method: Modal) with Strain Energy Damping, Mass & Stiffness Proportional,
Element Mass & Stiffness Proportional

General Spring Supports

Enter general spring support with 6x6 coupled matrix for stiffness, damping and mass, which includes the components related to other

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degrees-of-freedom with respect to GCS or node's local coordinate system for selected nodes. Replace or delete previously defined general
spring support.

Define the general spring support matrix first to enter the general spring supports.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Spring Supports > General Spring > General Spring Supports.

Click to the right of General Spring Supports: Display the General Spring Support Table.

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is
unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary
Groups.

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace new general nodal spring stiffness of selected nodes

Delete: Delete previously entered general nodal spring stiffness of selected nodes

General Spring

General Spring Type

Select general nodal spring type to be entered from the previously defined general spring support.(Refer to "Define General Spring Type")

Click to the right to display the General Spring Type dialog box.

Stiffness

SDx: Spring stiffness in GCS x-direction (or node's local x-direction when defined)

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SDy: Spring stiffness in GCS y-direction (or node's local y-direction when defined)

SDz: Spring stiffness in GCS z-direction (or node's local z-direction when defined)

SRx: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS x-axis (or node's local x-axis when defined)

SRy: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS y-axis (or node's local y-axis when defined)

SRz: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS z-axis (or node's local z-axis when defined)

Note
The above 6 spring stiffness values represent only the 6 diagonal terms in the 6 x 6 stiffness matrix entered in General Spring Type.

Mass: When the mass matrix is defined in Define General Spring Type, "Considered" is displayed. When there is no mass matrix defined,
"None" is displayed.

Damping: When the damping matrix is defined in Define General Spring Type, "Considered" is displayed. When there is no damping
matrix defined, "None" is displayed.

Pile Spring Supports

Assign the springs for the soils adjacent to piles. Lateral springs for the soils adjacent to piles are modeled as symmetric nonlinear elastic
springs ( ) and vertical springs for the soils adjacent to piles are modeled as linear elastic springs ( ).

The stiffness of soil springs is automatically calculated and entered into Point Spring Supports. The entered data can be checked from
Point Spring Supports Table.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Spring Supports > Pile Spring Supports.

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Pile Spring Data

Soil Type: Soil Types are classified into Sand / Soft Cray / Stiff Cray. Depending upon the selected
Soil Type, stiffness calculation method will be different. Methods of calculating spring stiffness are
explained at the bottom.

Ground Level: Z coordinate of ground

Pile Diameter(D)

Unit Weight of Soil(γ)

Earth Pressure Coeff. at rest(K0): Coefficient of earth pressure at reat

Coeff. of Subgrade Reaction(Kh): Modulus of subgrade reaction

Internal Friction Angle (Φ): Angle of internal friction of soil

Initial Soil Modulus(k1): Constant determined according to the relative density. Determines the
stiffness of nonlinear elastic lateral springs for the soils adjacent to piles. Refer to Computation of
Points k and m shown below.

The Stiffness of Nonlinear Elastic (Lateral) Springs for the Soils adjacent to Piles

The relationship between the lateral soil resistance and the lateral
displacement Y at a specific depth X is represented as shown in the left figure.

The values of Pk, Pm, Pu, Yk, Ym and Yu are defined at a specific depth (i.e.,
where pile springs are).

The method of calculating Pu varies with Soil Types. The values of Pk, Pm,
Yk, Ym and Yu are calculated using Pu as explained below.

The calculation method is divided into two major cases - Sand and Clay.
Different J values are used for Soft Clay and Stiff Clay, respectively.

Calculation of Pu in case of Sand Soil

Calculation of Pu in case of Clay Soil

Computation of Points k and m

Spring Stiffness

The Stiffness of Linear Elastic (Vertical) Springs for the Soils adjacent to Piles

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The direction of the linear elastic vertical springs for the soils adjacent to piles should be perpendicular to the ground (GCS '-'Z direction).
Even though the piles are not perpendicular to the ground, the z-direction (Node Local Axis) of the nodes for Piles should coincide with
the GCS Z-direction.

Elastic Link

Create or remove elastic links. Two nodes are connected by an elastic link and its stiffness is defined by the user.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Link > Elastic Link.

Click to the right of Elastic Link: Display the Elastic Link Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is
unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete
Boundary Groups.

Options

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Add/Replace: Enter or replace elastic links

Delete: Delete previously entered elastic links

Elastic Link Data

Type: Assign an elastic link type.

General Type: General elastic link (6dof)

Rigid Type: Rigid link element

Note

In case of Rigid Type, the element stiffness is automatically calculated based on the working model. The applied stiffness of the link can be checked in the text
output file (*.out) after performing analysis.

Tens.-only: Tension-only elastic link

Comp.-only: Compression-only elastic link

Note
When an elastic link is assigned as tension-only or compression-only, only element's axial stiffness can be applied. The
elastic link observes the Iteration method defined in Main Control Data identical to tension- and compression-only.

Multi-Linear: Multi-linear type elastic link

SDx: Stiffness in the element's local x-direction

SDy: Stiffness in the element's local y-direction

SDz: Stiffness in the element's local z-direction

SRx: Rotational stiffness about the element's local x-axis

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SRy: Rotational stiffness about the element's local y-axis

SRz: Rotational stiffness about the element's local z-axis

Shear Spring Location

Save the locations of shear springs used in elastic link elements.

Distance Ratio From End I

Specify the locations of the shear springs relative to the length of the elastic link elements starting from i-node.

Direction: Enter the direction of a spring with respect to the node local coordinate system

Beta Angle: Angle defining the elastic link orientation

2 Nodes

Enter the node numbers for the 2 nodes to be elastically linked.

Copy Elastic Link

Define simultaneously a number of elastic links by copying the conditions assigned to an elastic link.

Node Inc.
Create a number of elastic link elements using a node increment.

Number of Times: Number of copies

Node Increment: Increment of node numbers

Distance
Create a number of elastic link elements using the distances between nodes.

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Axis: Assign an axis direction for copying the elastic link.

Distances: Enter the number of repetitions and/or distances for copying the elastic link.

Rigid Link

Constrain certain degrees-of-freedom of Slave Nodes to a Master Node.

If a degree-of-freedom of a particular slave node is constrained to a master node by this command, "Rigid Link" relationship is established
for the relevant degree-of-freedom. All the attributes (nodal load or nodal mass) including the stiffness component of the slave node are
converted into an equivalent component of the master node.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Link > Rigid Link.

Click to the right of Rigid Link: Display the Rigid Link Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is unnecessary. Click
to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary Groups.

Options

Add/Replace: Assign selected nodes as slave nodes or modify rigid link conditions

Delete: Delete rigid link conditions of selected nodes

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Master Node Number

Enter a master node number. Type in directly the master node number on the keyboard, or click the entry field and the
relevant node.

Note that the slave nodes are assigned by Select.

Note
Reactions of slave nodes were printed at the slave nodes. From V690, slave node reactions are combined
and printed as the vertical load and moments at the master node.

Release Slave Nodes Without Specifying Master Nodes: Release slave nodes without selecting the master node. This
function can be used in the Delete option only.

DOF of Rigid Link

Assign the degree-of-freedom about GCS degree-of-freedom to be slaved to the master node.

DX: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS X-direction

DY: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Y-direction

DZ: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Z-direction

RX: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS X-axis

RY: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Y-axis

RZ: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Z-axis

Copy Rigid Link

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Copy the rigid link conditions defined in DOF of the Rigid Link and simultaneously assign the identical conditions to selected nodes.

Axis: Assign the axis direction to be copied

Distances: Assign the copy distances

Note
Nodes must exist at the location to which the Rigid Link will be copied for master and slave nodes.

Typical Types

The following buttons simplify the individual data entries described above.

: Rigid Body Connection

: Rigid Plane Connection in GCS X-Y plane

: Rigid Plane Connection in GCS Y-Z plane

: Rigid Plane Connection in GCS X-Z plane

Revision of Gen 2015 (v1.1)

Q1. If the horizontal and vertical link assembly is changed to inclined link assembly, the vertical reactions change. Why ?

General Link Properties

Add, modify or delete the properties of general link elements.

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General Link elements are used for modeling damping devices, base isolators, compression or tension-only elements, plastic hinges, soil
springs, etc. General Link elements can be assigned linear and nonlinear properties using spring properties.

The procedure for boundary nonlinear dynamic analysis is shown below.

Procedure Menu
1. Define material properties Model>Properties>Material...
2. Define section properties Model>Properties>Section...
3. Create elements Model>Elements>Create Elements...
4. Define general link properties Model>Boundaries>General Link
Properties...
- Linear properties

- Nonlinear properties
5. Assign general link Model>Boundaries>General Link...
6. Define boundary conditions Model>Boundaries>...
7. Enter the static loads Load>Self Weight...

Load>Assign Floor Loads...

8. Enter masses Model>Structure Type...

Model>Masses...
9. Enter the time history loads Load>Time History Analysis Data>

1) Generate time history load for Time History Load Cases...

vertical (gravity) loads
Time Forcing Functions...
- Define Time History Load Case
Time Varying Static Load...
- Define Time Forcing Functions
(Normal type) Ground Acceleration...

- Enter Time Varying Static Load

2) Generate time history load for

seismic loads

- Define Time History Load Case

- Define Time Forcing Functions

(Earthquake record)

- Enter the ground acceleration

10. Enter Eigenvalue Analysis Control Analysis>Eigenvalue Analysis
(Ritz Vector) Control...
11. Perform analysis Analysis>Perform Analysis...
12. Check analysis results Results>Time History Results>

- Displacement / Velocity / Disp/Vel/Accel...

Acceleration
Force Diagram (Beam/Truss/General
- Force diagrams Link)...

- Stresses Stress (Beam/Truss)...

- Time history graphs of general links Time history graph...

- Story Drift Results>Result Tables>Story>Story

Drift (Time History Analysis)

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From the Main Menu select Boundary > Link > General Link > General Link Properties.

To enter or add new properties of general link elements, click the button.

To modify the properties of general link elements already defined, select a name from the list of General Link
Properties, click the button and change appropriate data entries.

To modify the properties of general link elements already defined, select a name from the list of General Link
Properties, click the button and change appropriate data entries.

Name

Enter the name for which the properties of nonlinear link elements will be defined.

Application Type

Select the type of general link element. The types applied to analysis are largely classified into Element Type and Force
Type.

Element Type: The Element Type general link element directly reflects the nonlinear behavior of the element by
renewing the element stiffness matrix in the process of analysis.

Force Type: The Force Type general link element does not renew the element stiffness matrix. And rather, it reflects the
nonlinear behavior indirectly by converting the member force calculated on the basis of the nonlinear properties into an
external force.

Property Type

A specific link element is selected for an Application Type. The Element Type general link element provides 3 types;
Spring, Linear Dashpot and Spring and Linear Dashpot. The Force Type general link element provides 6 types;
Viscoelastic Damper and Hysteretic System used to represent damping devices, Lead Rubber Bearing Isolator and

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Friction Pendulum System Isolator used to represent base isolators, compression-only Gap element and tension-only
Hook element.

Note
Among the Element Type General Link Elements, Spring Type (6 degrees of freedom : Dx, Dy, Dz, Rx, Ry & Rz) can be reflected in
Pushover analysis. Also linear and inelastic analyses can be performed if the linear and inelastic hinge properties are assigned to the
General Link Element. Inelastic hinge properties can be defined in Model > Property > Inelastic Hinge Property.

Description

Enter a brief description for the properties.

Self Weight

Enter the total weight of the general link. The entered self weight is by default equally divided between both ends of link.
The ratio of self weight between i-end and j-end can be decided by the user.

Use Mass

The user may specify additional mass for the general link. The ratio of masses between i-end and j-end can be decided by
the user.

Note

Self-weight of a General Link should be entered in Total Weight under Self Weight. Entered Total Weight will be applied to the direction
assigned from Load>Self Weight for static analysis, and will be converted into nodal masses for dynamic analysis. In addition, check on
Use Mass and input Total Mass to use specific mass separately from the nodal masses converted from Total Weight. However, if 'Do not
Covert' is selected from Model>Structure Type> Conversion of Structure Self-weight into Masses, nodal masses converted from Total
Weight and Total Mass will not be reflected in the analysis.

Linear Properties

Specify whether or not the individual springs of the 6 degrees of freedom of the general link element exist, and enter the
corresponding effective stiffness.

Stiffness and Damping are entered for the Element Type, and Effective Stiffness and Effective Damping are entered for
the Force Type general link element.

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The stiffness or effective stiffness of a general link element is used for linear static and dynamic analyses. If modal
superposition and direct integration methods are used in a linear time history analysis, the effective damping applies only
when 'Group Damping' is selected for the structure. The Element Type general link element in a nonlinear time history
analysis reflects the initial element stiffness based on the entered stiffness.

And if it relates to inelastic hinge properties, the stiffness is renewed in the analysis.

The Force Type general link element, on the other hand, retains the element stiffness based on the effective stiffness.
Even if nonlinear properties are defined, the stiffness matrix remains unchanged. Especially, the effective stiffness in a
boundary nonlinear time history analysis using the Force Type general link element represents imaginary stiffness to
avoid rigid action in the algorithm. If the effective stiffness value is very large in nonlinear analysis, non-convergence
may occur in the process of repetitive analyses, and as such an appropriate value should be entered. It is common practice
to specify the initial stiffness of damping and isolator devices.

DOF: Check in the box to specify whether or not the springs of the 6 deformation degrees of freedom exist.

Dx, Dy, Dz: Translational deformation degrees of freedom in the x, y & z directions of the Element Coordinate System

Rx, Ry, Rz: Rotational deformation degrees of freedom about the x, y & z axes of the Element Coordinate System

Effective Stiffness

Coupled: Enter 6x6 coupled matrix for linear stiffness and damping.

Nonlinear Spring Properties

Check in the box to specify nonlinear spring properties for the 6 springs of the nonlinear link element by entering the
parameters defining the nonlinear properties.

At this point, those springs that can be defined with nonlinear properties are limited to the degrees of freedom, which
already have Linear Spring Properties. That is, the limitation applies to the degrees of freedom for which the DOF check
boxes of Linear Spring Property are already checked in.

DOF: Check in the box to specify whether or not the nonlinear properties of the corresponding degrees of freedom exist.

Nonlinear Properties: Checking in the box prompts the dialog box. Enter the parameters defining the properties of the
corresponding nonlinear springs.

Shear Spring Location

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Check in the box to specify the locations of the shear springs.

The locations are defined by the ratios of relative distances from the starting node N1 to the total length. Dy and Dz
represent the shear springs in the ECS y and z - axes respectively.

If the locations of the shear springs are specified, the end moments differ due to the shear forces (Difference in moments
= shear force x member length). Conversely, if the locations of the shear springs are unspecified, the end moments are
always equal without being affected by the shear forces.

Entry of parameters pertaining to nonlinear properties of individual springs

Enter the parameters defining the nonlinear properties of individual springs for 6 types of nonlinear link elements.

Viscoelastic Damper

Gap

Hook

Hysteretic System

Lead Rubber Bearing Isolator

Friction Pendulum System Isolator

General Link

Create or delete general link elements, each linking two nodes.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Link > General Link > General Link.

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Click to the right of General Link to display General Link Table.

Boundary Group Name

Select a boundary group to which the entered boundary condition will be assigned. Select Default if the
Group selection is unnecessary. To create new or modify predefined Boundary Groups Click to the right
to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box.

Options

Add/Replace: Select to add new or replace previously entered general link elements individually linking two
nodes.

Delete: Select to delete previously entered general link elements individually linking two nodes.

General Link Data

General Link Property: Assign the property of general link element.

Name: Assign a name of General Link Property. Click to the right to prompt the "General Link
Property" dialog box to create or modify General Link Property.

Type: The Type of selected "General Link Property" is displayed.

Inelastic Hinge Property

Name: The Name of selected Inelastic Hinge Property is displayed.

Reference Coordinate System: Define a coordinate system in which the placement directions of general
link elements can be defined in 3-D space.

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Element: Placement direction is determined on the basis of element coordinate system.

Input Method:

Beta Angle: Enter a Beta Angle for the general link element (select 0, 90, 180).

Ref. Point: Enter a reference point in 3-D space.

Ref. Vector: Enter a directional vector in 3-D space.

Global: Placement direction is determined on the basis of global coordinate system.

Input Method:

Angle: Direction is determined by orientation angles in each direction in 3-D space (select 0, 45, 90, 180).

3Points: Direction is determined by 3 points in 3-D space.

Vector: Direction is determined by 2 vectors (V1, V2) in 3-D space.

2 Nodes

Enter the two nodes defining the location of a nonlinear link element. The mouse editor can also select the nodes on the
model. First, click the entry field and change the color to pale green, and then select the nodes on the screen.

Copy Nonlinear Link

A number of nonlinear link elements may be simultaneously created in Nonlinear Link Data by copying the specified
condition.

Node Inc.
Using the increment of node numbers may simultaneously create a number of nonlinear link elements.

Number of Times: Number of repetitions

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Node Increment: Node number increment

Distance
Using the spacings of nodes may simultaneously create a number of nonlinear link elements.

Axis: Axis of copy direction

Distances: Copy distances

Change General Link Properties

Define a General Link to be applied to Boundary Change Assignment to Load Cases/Analyses, which is a function applying different
Boundary Group Combinations for different load cases or analyses.

The function is used to apply each General Link for different Analysis Conditions with only one model, and applied by load case types or
analysis types in the Analysis > Boundary Change Assignment to Load Cases/Analyses.

Except for General Link, boundary conditions can be activated or inactivated by load cases/analyses in the Boundary Change Assignment
to Load Cases/Analyses. For this reason, General Link Property changes should be defined in the Change General Link Properties and the
changes can be applied in the Boundary Change Assignment to Load Cases/Analyses.

This cannot be applicable in construction stage analysis.

The application of this function can be checked in the Model View by checking Change General Link of Display > Boundary.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Link > General Link > Change General Link Properties.

Boundary Group Name

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Select a Boundary Group to which the entered Boundary Change will be assigned.

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace General Links

Delete: Delete previously entered General Links

2 Nodes: Select the two nodes defining the location of a General Link Element.

General Link Number: Enter a General Link Number, which has been previously generated.

General Link Property

Name: Select a General Link Property to be applied after change.

Type: General Link Property Type selected above will be displayed.

Beam End Release

Enter the end release conditions (Hinge, Sliding, Roller Joint and Partial Fixity) at both ends of beam elements, or replace or remove
previously entered end release conditions.

Beam End Offsets can be specified in conjunction with (Beam End Offsets).

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Release/Offset > Beam End Release.

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Click to the right of Beam End Release: Display the Beam End Release Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is
unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary
Groups.

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace end release conditions at both ends of selected beam elements

Delete: Delete previously entered end release conditions at both ends of selected beam elements

General Types and Partial Fixity

Enter connection and partial fixity condition for each DOF at both ends in the element's local coordinate system.

Enter Partial Fixity in terms of the stiffness ratio of the beam element. 0.3 for My (bending moment) of i-Node (N1 end
node) in the dialog box represents 30% of My flexural stiffness is to be effective.

Type

Relative

Enter the stiffness ratio. For example, 0 represents completely released condition and 1 does fully fixed condition.

Value

Enter true magnitudes of stiffness values to define Partial Fixity.

Fx: Release axial force in the element's local x-direction and enter Partial Fixity if necessary.

Fy: Release shear force in the element's local y-direction at the relevant end and enter Partial Fixity if necessary.

Fz: Release shear force in the element's local z-direction at the relevant end and enter Partial Fixity if necessary.

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Mx: Release torsional moment about the element's local x-axis at the relevant end and enter Partial Fixity if necessary.

My: Release moment about the element's local y-axis at the relevant end and enter Partial Fixity if necessary.

Mz: Release moment about the element's local z-axis at the relevant end and enter Partial Fixity if necessary.

Mb: Release bi-moment about the element's local x-axis at the relevant end and enter Partial Fixity if necessary. Bi-
moment method which is approximate method of torsion analysis for considering warping effect.

Note
In construction stage analysis, internally, the program always considers the partial fixities as pinned conditions.

The following buttons simplify the individual data entries described above:

To release the bending stiffness about the element's local y- and z-axes at both ends

To release the bending stiffness about the element's local y- and z-axes at N1 end

To release the bending stiffness about the element's local y- and z-axes at N2 end

To restore all the end release conditions at both ends to fixed conditions

Revision of Gen 2014 (v1.1)

Q1. Why member force with partial fixity is different from the value of "original member force x scale force"?

Beam End Offsets

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Define Rigid End Offset Distance or take into account the Joint Eccentricity with respect to GCS or element's local coordinate system at
both ends of beam elements.

Beam End Offsets can be specified in conjunction with (Beam End Release).

Note
This function cannot be used with truss elements and can be applied to beam elements only. If truss elements are changed into beam elements (Model > Elements > Change Element
Parameters), Beam End Offset can be applied. To describe the behavior of truss elements, rotational degrees of freedom of beam elements should be released. This can be done using
Model > Boundaries > Beam End Release.

Note
If this function is used along with section offset then the offset of the section will be automatically changes to Center-Center.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Release/Offset > Beam End Offsets.

Click to the right of Beam End Offsets : Display the Beam End Offsets Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is unnecessary.
Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary Groups.

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace end offset distance and joint eccentricity for selected beam elements

Delete: Delete previously entered end offset distances and joint eccentricities for selected beam elements

When Type = 'Element'

Beam Offset

Type

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Global: GCS

Element: Element's local x-direction

When Type = 'Global'

Enter the end offset distance represented by a vector in the direction from the node to the offset point with respect
to GCS.

RGDXi: Component of the end offset distance vector at N1 end in GCS X-direction

RGDYi: Component of the end offset distance vector at N1 end in GCS Y-direction

RGDZi: Component of the end offset distance vector at N1 end in GCS Z-direction

RGDXj: Component of the end offset distance vector at N2 end in GCS X-direction

RGDYj: Component of the end offset distance vector at N2 end in GCS Y-direction

RGDZj: Component of the end offset distance vector at N2 end in GCS Z-direction

Note
If the end offset distance is entered, all the data related to the element (element's local coordinate system, element length, element
stiffness) are adjusted according to the Offset conditions.

Enter the end offset distance with respect to element's local x-direction.

RGDi: End offset distance in the element's local (+) x-direction at N1 end

RGDj: End offset distance in the element's local (-) x-direction at N2 end

Positive values must be entered for RGDi and RGDj. The beam element length will be then adjusted to reflect RGDi and RGDj.

Element length: L = L0 - (RGDi + RGDj)

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Where, L0: original length of beam element (distance between the ends, N1 and N2)

Plate End Release

Enter the nodal connection conditions (Hinge, Fixed Joint) for plate elements, or replace or remove previously entered end release
conditions.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Release/Offset > Plate End Release.

Click to the right of Plate End Release: Display the Plate End Release Table

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is
unnecessary. Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary
Groups.

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace nodal end release conditions for plate elements

Delete: Delete previously entered nodal end release conditions for plate elements

End Release

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Enter nodal end release conditions for selected plate elements with respect to the element's local coordinate system.

Fx: Release axial stiffness of the relevant node in the element's local x-direction.

Fy: Release axial stiffness of the relevant node in the element's local y-direction.

Fz: Release shear stiffness of the relevant node in the element's local z-direction.

Mx: Release bending stiffness of the relevant node about the element's local x-axis.

My: Release bending stiffness of the relevant node about the element's local y-axis.

The following buttons simplify the individual data entries described above:

: Release nodal stiffness of all degrees of freedom. Individual components can be subsequently fixed.

: Restore all nodal stiffness to Fixed conditions

Linear Constraints

Constrain a specific node to subordinate to the movements of certain nodes. Here, the specific subordinate node is referred to as a
constraint node, and the nodes to which the specific node is subordinated are referred to as independent nodes. The relationship between
the constraint node and the independent nodes is established.

Constraining translational displacement Eq. (1)

Constraining rotational displacement Eq. (2)

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where,

: Translational displacement of constraint node, m in M-direction

: Translational displacement of independent node, i in I-direction

: Rotational displacement of constraint node, m about M-direction

: Rotational displacement of independent node, i about I-direction

: Coefficients defining correlation among degrees of freedom

Since the constraint Eq. (1) or (2) allows to constrain any node and any DOF, the range of their applications is quite extensive. The
constrain equations are applied to the degrees of freedom defined in GCS.

Fig. 1 shows an application example in which a connection is made between a 3-D structure consisted of solid elements and a thin plate
consisted of plate elements. Since solid elements do not have stiffness against rotational DOF, they cannot restrain the rotational behavior
of the connected plate. If the rotational DOF of the connected part is restrained using Eq. (3), the plate elements would generally behave
perpendicularly to the connection.

Eq. (3)

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Figure 1 Example of constraint equation application

It must be made clear not to confuse the constraint equations with Rigid Link. Rigid Link is one in which a number of
nodes are subordinated to the movement of a single node. Whereas a constraint condition by the constraint equations is
one in which a single node is subordinated to the movements of a number of independent nodes.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Etc. > Linear Constraints.

Boundary Group Name

Select a Boundary Group in which the specified boundary condition is included. Select "Default" if Group assignment is unnecessary.
Click to the right to prompt the "Define Boundary Group" dialog box to add, modify or delete Boundary Groups.

Options

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Add/Replace: Assign selected nodes as constraint node or modify linear constraint conditions

Delete: Delete linear constraint conditions of selected nodes

Type

entering all the DOF and coefficients of Eq. (1) or (2) above. And the weighted displacement method is one in which the movement of the
constraint node is made equal to the average displacement of independent nodes. Both of which are outlined below.

Explicit

- Select a constraint node and DOF (multi-selection is not allowed).

- Select independent nodes and DOF (multi-selection is not allowed), and input coefficients ( or )

Information on independent nodes can be repeatedly input, and Eq. (1) or (2) above is created through this process.

Weighted displacement

- Select a constraint node.

- Select DOFs (multi-selection is allowed) to be commonly applied for the constraint node and independent nodes.

- Select each independent node and input a weight factor, .

Information on independent nodes can be repeatedly input, and the following constraint equations are created:

where, S is the sum of the weight factors ( ). This method does not result in coupling of translational displacement and rotational
displacement.

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When type is Explicit

Constraint Node/DOF

Node : Select a node which is constrained to another nodes.

DOF : Assign the degrees-of-freedom of the constraint node.

Independent Node(s)/DOF

Node : Select node(s) which will be used to compute displacement of Constraint Node.

DOF : Assign the degrees-of-freedom of the independent node.

Coeff. : Coefficients defining correlation among degrees of freedom for displacement of Independent Node

Note 1

Coefficients are automatically changed by the unit of length when translational DOF(DX, DY or DZ) and rotational DOF
(RX, RY or RZ) is constrained to each other.

Note 2

In general, assigned DOFs are along the global axis. However, when Node Local Axis is assigned to the constrained nodes,
the DOF is based on the local axis.

When type is Weighted Displacement

Constraint Node/DOF

Node : Select a node which is constrained to another nodes.

DOF : Assign the degrees-of-freedom of the constraint node.

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Independent Node(s)/DOF

Node : Select node(s) which will be used to compute displacement of Constraint Node.

Weight : Weighting factor defining correlation among degrees of freedom.

Note

In general, assigned DOFs are along the global axis. However, when Node Local Axis is assigned to the constrained nodes,
the DOF is based on the local axis.

Example How to constrain translational displacements two nodes which are not aligned along the global axis

Method 1. Using Node Local Axis

If a Node Local Axis is pre-assigned to node with 30˚ angle from the global, the coefficient can become simply 1.

Method 2. Assigning coefficients manually

If node local axis is not assigned, user must compute the coefficients considering position of two nodes. Here, the coefficients equal to
'cos30/cos30' for x2, 'sin30/con30' for y2 and 'sin30/cos30' for y1 respectively according to the following relationship.

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Where,

: Translational displacement of constraint node 1 in X-direction

: Translational displacement of independent node 2 in X-direction

: Translational displacement of independent node 1 in Y-direction

: Translational displacement of independent node 2 in Y-direction

Panel Zone Effects

Automatically consider the stiffness effects of the Panel Zone where column members and girder members (horizontal elements connected
to columns) of steel structures are connected. Panel Zone Effects are reflected in the beam elements. Column members are recognized as
beam elements parallel to the GCS Z-axis and beam members are recognized as beam elements on the GCS X-Y plane.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Etc. > Panel Zone Effects.

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Auto Calculate Panel Zone Offset Distances

Auto-calculate the panel zone based on the dimensions of the members and take them into account for stiffness calculations.

Offset Factor: Effective factor for the offset distances in panel zones

Output Position: Output position of element's internal forces

Panel Zone: Output of element's internal forces at the Panel Zone boundaries

Offset Position: Output of element's internal forces at the positions adjusted by the Offset Factor

Do not Calculate

Do not consider the panel zones.

Note
Using Panel Zone Effects, if Output Position = Offset Position, the elements' stiffness, self-weights, distributed loads and output positions of the member forces
depend on the panel zones adjusted by the offset factor. In addition, if Output Position = Panel Zone, only the elements' stiffness are adjusted depending on the
offset factor similar to the case where Output Position = Offset Position. Application of self-weights/distributed loads and the output positions of the member
forces are fixed to the Panel Zone boundaries (faces of the columns for girders and top/bottom flanges of the girders for columns).

For reference, in Panel Zone Effects, the case where Output Position = Offset Position and Offset Factor = 1.0
produces the same condition as in the case where Output Position = Panel Zone and Offset Factor = 1.0. Output
Position = Offset Position and Offset Factor = 0.0 produce the same conditions as if the Panel Zone Effects are not
considered at all.

When the panel zones are auto-calculated using Panel Zone Effects, the method of applying self-weights and distributed
loads or the output positions of the member forces are determined according to the specified Output Position.

1.
1.
Calculation of element stiffness

The distance between the end nodes of an element is used to calculate the axial stiffness and the torsional stiffness.
The distance reflecting the offset factor (L1 = L - ZF (Ri + Rj )) is used to calculate the shear stiffness and the bending
stiffness regardless of the specified Output Position. Where, L is the length between the end nodes of the element.

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1.
Calculation of distributed load

If Output Position = Panel Zone, the distributed loads applied to the section between the extremities of panel zones and
the nodes are considered only as shear forces at the relevant nodes. The distributed loads applied to the remaining section
are converted into appropriate shear forces and moments.

When Output Position = Offset Position, the positions adjusted by the Offset Factor are used.

1.
Considered length for self-weight

The self-weights of column members are considered for the full distances between the end nodes irrespective of the
use of Panel Zone Effects. For girder members, when Output Position = Panel Zone, the net distances excluding the
panel zones (L1 = L - (Ri + Rj )) are used to calculate the self-weights. When Output Position = Offset Position, the
offset distances reduced by the offset factor (L1 = L - ZF (Ri + Rj )) are used. In addition, the defined self-weights are
considered in the analysis by converting into shear forces and moments similar to that for the distributed loads
described above.

1.
Output positions of member forces

If Output Position=Panel Zone, the member forces for columns and girders are additionally produced at the quarter
points of the net lengths between the Panel Zones.

When Output Position = Offset Position in the case of girder members, the member forces at the quarter points are
based on the member lengths adjusted by the offset factor. For example, Output Position = Panel Zone corresponds to
the case where Output Position = Offset Position and Offset Factor =1.0. The member forces at these positions are also
used in the Design functions.

1.
Panel zone considering Beam End Release Condition

Panel Zone Effect are not considered at the points of beam end releases. (Refer to "Beam End Release")

1.
Method of considering offset distances for each member type using Panel Zone Effects

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The panel zones for each member type is considered by the following methods :

1. Column members

The length of a column member is the floor to floor height.

midas Gen assumes that the top flanges of beam members correspond to the story level. As such, the panel zones for
column members need to be considered only at the tops of columns. (Refer to "Structure Type")

The panel zones for column members are determined by the directions and depths of the girder members connected to the
column members. The panel zones for column members are separately calculated for moments about local y and z-
directions.

When girder members are connected to a column in several directions, the panel zones for each direction are calculated
by the following methods (Fig.1):

RCy = BD x cos2

RCz = BD x sin2

RCy: Panel zone for moment about the element's local y-axis at the top of a column member

RCz: Panel zone for moment about the element's local z-axis at the top of column member

BD: Depths of girder members connected to the column member

: Angle formed by the girder member and the local z-axis of the column member

The Panel zones for a column member in each direction are determined by the largest values among the panel zones in
the directions of the girder members.

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Figure 1 Example of calculation of column panel zones

2.
2.
2. Girder members

The panel zones for girder members are determined by the Depth and Width of the column members at both ends. The
calculation method is described below.

- Equation for panel zone distance (Fig.2)

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Depth: Section dimension of the column member in the element's local z-direction

Width: Section dimension of the column member in the element's local y-direction

: Angle formed by the girder member and the element's local z-axis of the column member

Figure 2 Example of calculation of girder member panel zones

Node Local Axis

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Declare a local coordinate system for selected nodes to enter boundary conditions or produce output for reactions.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Etc. > Node's local Axis.

Click to the right of Node Local Axis: Display the Node Local Axis Table

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace a local coordinate system for selected nodes

Delete: Delete previously entered node's local coordinate system for selected nodes

Define Local Axis

Input Method: Select a method of specifying the node's local coordinate system.

Angle: Specify 3 angles of rotation to define the node's local coordinate system

about x: Angle of rotation about GCS X-axis

about y: Angle of rotation about y'-axis rotated about X-axis

about z: Angle of rotation about z"-axis rotated about X- and y'-axes

3 points: Specify 3 nodal coordinates to define the node's local coordinate system

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P0: Coordinates of the origin of the node's local coordinate system

P1: Coordinates of an arbitrary node on the node's local x-axis

P2: Coordinates of a node moved from P1, parallel to the node's local y-axis

Vector: Specify 2 vectors to define the node's local coordinate system

V1: x-direction vector starting from the origin of the node's local coordinate system

V2: Vector starting from the origin of the node's local coordinate system to the point P2 of the 3 points method above

Line Vector: Specify a reference line to define the node's local coordinate system.

Direction: Select the component of node local axis. Selected component will be aligned into the orthogonal direction
of the reference line.

Ref. Point: Specify 2 nodes to define a reference line.

P0: Coordinates of the origin of the reference line

P1: 2nd point of the reference line to determine the direction of reference line.

Global Direction: Specify a origin point and global axis to define a reference line.

P0: Coordinates of the origin of the reference line

P1: Component of the GCS axis to determine the direction of reference line.

Note

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The following are the application functions for Node Local Axis:
"Supports"
"Point Spring Supports"
"General Spring Supports"
"Surface Spring Supports" (in case of Convert to Point Spring)
"Specified Displacements of Supports"
"Reaction Forces/Moments" of "Reactions"
"Reactions" of "Influence Lines"
"Reactions" of "Influence Surfaces"

Diaphragm Disconnect

Select the desired nodes to be disconnected from Floor Rigid Diaphragms created internally for each floor by the program's Story function.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Etc. > Diaphragm Disconnect.

Select the desired nodes and click to add or delete nodes disconnected from the diaphragms.

Options

Add or delete Diaphragm disconnection conditions.

No: Consecutive numbers

Node Number: Selected node numbers

Define Label Direction

Define the directions of the supports for a display purpose on screen.

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From the Main Menu select Boundary > Etc. > Define Label Dir.

Options

Add/Replace: Enter or replace a local coordinate system for selected nodes

Delete: Delete previously entered node's local coordinate system for selected nodes

Label Direction

Define the direction of the label of the support.

For example, a set-up such that local z(+) is defined for the bottom supports and local x(+) is defined for the left supports will display on
screen as below.

Note
View > Display > Boundary Tab, the display of the directions of supports can be controlled by checking on and off.

Story Diaphragm Group for Construction Stage

At the time of construction stage analysis for a high-rise building, the story diaphragm information that is automatically defined by the
Story function is assigned to appropriate boundary groups. These boundary groups must be created by the Define Boundary Group

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function prior to being assigned the story diaphragm information. When Construction Stage Wizard is used, the boundary group

s are automatically generated and assigned to each story. Each boundary group becomes activated in the corresponding construction stage
at the time when the dead (slab self-weight) load starts exerting on the story.

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Etc. > Story Diaphragm Group for Construction Stage.

Story: Story name

Group: Name of boundary group, which includes the diaphragm information of the
corresponding story.

Note
The names of the story diaphragm boundary groups generated automatically by Construction Stage Wizard are automatically assigned
"#DP-Story name".

Supports Table

Enter or modify constraints data for support nodes in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas supports a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

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Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Supports Table.

Shortcut key: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+P

(Refer to "Supports")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

Node: Node number

Dx: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS X-direction (Node's local x-axis direction)

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Dy: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Y-direction (Node's local y-axis direction)

Dz: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Z-direction (Node's local z-axis direction)

Rx Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS X-axis (Node's local x-axis)

Ry: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Y-axis (Node's local y-axis)

Rz: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Z-axis (Node's local z-axis)

Rw: Warping degree-of-freedom about GCS X-axis (Node's local x-axis)

"1" when the degree-of-freedom is restrained and "0" when the degree-of-freedom is free.

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

Point Spring Supports Table

Enter or modify point spring stiffness data for each GCS direction in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

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Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Point Spring Supports Table.

(Refer to "Point Spring Supports")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

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Node: Node number

SDx: Spring stiffness in GCS X-direction (Node's local x-axis direction)

SDy Spring stiffness in GCS Y-direction (Node's local y-axis direction)

SDz: Spring stiffness in GCS Z-direction (Node's local z-axis direction)

SRx: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS X-axis (Node's local x-axis)

SRy: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS Y-axis (Node's local y-axis)

SRz: Rotational spring stiffness about GCS Z-axis (Node's local z-axis)

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

General Spring Supports Table

Enter or modify general nodal spring stiffness data in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

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Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > General Spring Supports.

(Refer to "General Spring Supports")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

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Node: Node number

Type: General nodal spring stiffness type

SDx: Spring stiffness in the node's local x-direction or GCS x-direction

SDy: Spring stiffness in the node's local y-direction or GCS y-direction

SDz: Spring stiffness in the node's local z-direction or GCS z-direction

SRx: Rotational spring stiffness about x-axis of the node's local coordinate system or GCS

SRy: Rotational spring stiffness about y-axis of the node's local coordinate system or GCS

SRz: Rotational spring stiffness about z-axis of the node's local coordinate system or GCS

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

Surface Spring Supports Table

Enter or modify general nodal spring stiffness data in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

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Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Surface Spring Supports.

(Refer to "Surface Spring Supports")

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Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

Element: Element number

Type: The type of element

Distributed Type: The type of distribution of surface spring supports

Local Axis : Displays the direction of defined elements for the case of frame type.

Face: Display element numbers that the distributed surface spring supports are applied to.

Edge: Display edge numbers that the distributed surface spring supports as a planer (edge) type are applied to.

Width : Indicate selected width that is set to calculate the supporting stiffness of beam element per unit length.

Spring Type: Select the type of spring (Linear / Compression only / Tension only).

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction : Define the modulus of subgrade reaction.

Group : Indicate the boundary group of each element.

Elastic Link Table

Enter or modify elastic links in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

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Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Elastic Link.

(Refer to "Elastic Link")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

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Node1: Starting node number of the elastic link element

Node2: Ending node number of the elastic link element

Type: Type for the elastic link element

B Angle: Angle defining the elastic link orientation

SDx: Stiffness in the element's local x-direction

SDy: Stiffness in the element's local y-direction

SDz: Stiffness in the element's local z-direction

SRx: Rotational stiffness about the element's local x-axis

SRy: Rotational stiffness about the element's local y-axis

SRz: Rotational stiffness about the element's local z-axis

Shear Spring Location: Shear Spring Location of elastic link element

Distance Ratio SDy: Shear Spring (SDy) Location relative to the length of elastic link element from i-node

Distance Ratio SDz: Shear Spring (SDz) Location relative to the length of elastic link element from i-node

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

General Link Table

Enter or modify general link elements in a spreadsheet format table.

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Table Tool in midas is powerful and contains a large variety of built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > General Link Table.

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(Refer to "General Link")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

No: General Link element number

Node1: Node number at the start of General Link element

Node2: Node number at the end of General Link element

General Link Property: Property of General Link element

Inelastic Hinge Property: In case Element Type is general link element, nonlinear behavior can be reflected by assigning inelastic

hinge properties. This is not used for the Force Element Type general link element.

Type: Hinge type of defined inelastic element (Element, Force)

?Angle: Beta Angle of General Link element

Method: Connection method of General Link element (Beta Angle, Ref. Point, Ref. Vector)

Group: Boundary group name containing the entered boundary conditions

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Beam End Release Table

Enter or modify beam end release data in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

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From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Beam End Release Table.

Shortcut key : [Ctrl]+[Shift]+D

(Refer to "Beam End Release")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

Element: Beam element number

Type: Type of Partial Fixity (Relative, Value)

Flag-I: Release condition for the i-end (N1) of the beam element

Fx: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the element's local x-direction stiffness

Fy: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the element's local y-direction stiffness

Fz: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the element's local z-direction stiffness

Mx: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the torsional stiffness about the element's local x-axis

My: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the bending stiffness about the element's local y-axis

Mz: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the bending stiffness about the element's local z-axis

Mb: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the warping stiffness about the element's local x-axis

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Fxi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the axial stiffness at i-end

Fyi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the shear stiffness in the element's local y-direction at i-end

Fzi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the shear stiffness in the element's local z-direction at i-end

Mxi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the torsional stiffness about the element's local x-axis at i-end

Myi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the bending stiffness about the element's local y-axis at i-end

Mzi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the bending stiffness about the element's local z-axis at i-end

Mbi: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the bending stiffness about the element's local x-axis at i-end

Flag-J: Release condition of the j-end (N2) of beam element

Fx: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the element's local x-direction stiffness

Fy: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the element's local y-direction stiffness

Fz: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the element's local z-direction stiffness

Mx: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the torsional stiffness about the element's local x-axis

My: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the bending stiffness about the element's local y-axis

Mz: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the bending stiffness about the element's local z-axis

Mb: Assign 1' to release or provide Partial Fixity to the warping stiffness about the element's local x-axis

Fxj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the axial stiffness at j-end

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Fyj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the shear stiffness in the element's local y-direction at j-end

Fzj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the shear stiffness in the element's local z-direction at j-end

Mxj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the torsional stiffness about the element's local x-axis at j-end

Myj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the bending stiffness about the element's local y-axis at j-end

Mzj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the bending stiffness about the element's local z-axis at j-end

Mbj: Enter a Partial Fixity ratio if necessary for the warping stiffness about the element's local x-axis at j-end

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

Beam End Offsets Table

Enter or modify Rigid End Offset Distance data or Joint Eccentricity data in GCS or the element's local coordinate system of beam
elements in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

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Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Beam End Offset Table.

(Refer to "Beam End Offsets")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

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Element: Element number

Type: Define a reference coordinate system (Global, Element)

In case of Type = "Global"

RGDXi: Vector component of the end offset distance at N1 end in GCS X-direction

RGDYi: Vector component of the end offset distance at N1 end in GCS Y-direction

RGDZi: Vector component of the end offset distance at N1 end in GCS Z-direction

RGDXj: Vector component of the end offset distance at N2 end in GCS X-direction

RGDYj: Vector component of the end offset distance at N2 end in GCS Y-direction

RGDZj: Vector component of the end offset distance at N2 end in GCS Z-direction

For Type = "Element"

RGDXi: End offset distance in the element's local (+) x-direction at N1 end

RGDXj: End offset distance in the element's local (-) x-direction at N2 end

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

Plate End Release Table

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Enter or modify end release data for plate elements in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

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From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Plate End Release.

(Refer to "Plate End Release")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

Element: Element number

N1: Connection release condition at node N1

Fx: Release axial stiffness of node N1 in the element's local x-direction

Fy: Release axial stiffness of node N1 in the element's local y-direction

Fz: Release shear stiffness of node N1 in the element's local z-direction

Mx: Release bending stiffness of node N1 about the element's local x-axis

My: Release bending stiffness of node N1 about the element's local y-axis

N2~N4: Connection release conditions at nodes N2~N4

Details are similar to that for node N1.

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

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Rigid Link Table

Enter or modify the degree-of-freedom restraints of Slave Nodes to a Master Node in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

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Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Rigid Link Table.

Shortcut key: [Ctrl]+[Shift]+R

(Refer to "Rigid Link")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

M-Node: Master Node number

Type: Flag the slave nodes' degrees-of-freedom to be Linked to the master node

DX: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS X-direction

DY: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Y-direction

DZ: Displacement degree-of-freedom in GCS Z-direction

RX: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS X-axis

RY: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Y-axis

RZ: Rotational degree-of-freedom about GCS Z-axis

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Slave Node List: Slave Node numbers

Group: Boundary Group in which the entered boundary conditions are included

Node Local Axis Table

Enter or modify node's local coordinate systems for specific nodes in a spreadsheet format Table.

Table Tool in midas offers a variety of powerful built-in functions. Refer to the following items for detail directions:

Usage of Table Tool

Terminology

Familiarize with Usage

Basic directions (Cell motion, selection, size control, etc.)

Data manipulation (Add, delete, modify data, etc.)

Copy/Paste data using clipboard

Supplementary Table functions

Table Sorting

Table format setting

Auto-fit column width

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Graph printing

Supplementary functions by Table types

Node/Element Table

Results Table

From the Main Menu select Boundary > Tables > Boundary Tables > Node local Axis.

(Refer to "Node Local Axis")

Refer to Usage of Table Tool and enter or modify the following data:

Node: Node number

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Method: Methods of defining the node's local coordinate systems

In case of Angle

Angle - X: Angle of rotation about GCS X-axis

Angle - Y: Angle of rotation about y'-axis rotated about X-axis

Angle - Z: Angle of rotation about z"-axis rotated about X- and y'-axes

In case of 3 Points

P0-X, P0-Y, P0-Z: Coordinates of the origin, P0 in each GCS direction

P1-X, P1-Y, P1-Z: Coordinates of an arbitrary node on the node's local x-axis, P1 in each GCS direction

P2-X, P2-Y, P2-Z: Coordinates of a node moved from P1, parallel to the node's local y-axis, P2 in each GCS direction

In case of Vector

V1-X: GCS X-component of vector V1

V1-Y: GCS Y-component of vector V1

V1-Z: GCS Z-component of vector V1

V2-X: GCS X-component of vector V2

V2-Y: GCS Y-component of vector V2

V2-Z: GCS Z-component of vector V2

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