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PS1

This document provides a problem set for a linear algebra course. It contains 16 problems related to properties of matrices including associativity, distributive laws, invertibility, nilpotent matrices, traces, Hermitian matrices, and finding matrices that satisfy certain conditions. Many of the problems are marked for discussion in tutorial sessions.

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shiv
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98 views1 page

PS1

This document provides a problem set for a linear algebra course. It contains 16 problems related to properties of matrices including associativity, distributive laws, invertibility, nilpotent matrices, traces, Hermitian matrices, and finding matrices that satisfy certain conditions. Many of the problems are marked for discussion in tutorial sessions.

Uploaded by

shiv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH 102: Linear Algebra

Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur

Problem Set 1

Problems marked (T) are for discussions in Tutorial sessions.

1. If A is an m × n matrix, B is an n × p matrix and D is a p × s matrix, then show that


A(BD) = (AB)D (Associativity holds).

2. If A is an m × n matrix, B and C are n × p matrices and D is a p × s matrix, then show that

(a) A(B + C) = AB + AC (Distributive law holds).


(b) (B + C)D = BD + CD (Distributive law holds).
   
x x
3. (T) Let A and B be 2 × 2 real matrices such that A =B for all (x, y) ∈ R2 . Prove that
y y
A = B.

4. Let A and B be m × n real matrices such that Ax = Bx for all x ∈ Rn . Then, A = B

5. (A + B)∗ = A∗ + B ∗ and (AB)∗ = B ∗ A∗ whenever A + B and AB are defined.

6. Let A ∈ Mn (C). Then A = S + T , where S ∗ = S (Hermitian matrix) and T ∗ = −T (skew-


Hermitian matrix).

7. Give examples of 3 × 3 non zero matrices A and B such that A2 = 0 and B 3 = B.

8. Show by an example that if AB 6= BA then (A + B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B 2 need not hold.

9. Let A, B ∈ Mn (C) be invertible matrices. Then (AB)−1 = B −1 A−1 .

10. Let A ∈ Mn (C) be a nilpotent matrix. Then show that I + A is invertible.


n
P
11. (T) Let A, B ∈ Mn (C). Define Tr (A) = aii . Then show that Tr (AB) = Tr (BA). Hence
i=1
or otherwise, show that if A is invertible then Tr (ABA−1 ) = Tr (B). Furthermore, show that
there do not exist matrices A and B such that AB − BA = cI, for any c 6= 0.

12. Let A ∈ Mn (C). If AA∗ = 0 then show that A = 0.

13. (T) The parabola y = a + bx + cx2 goes through the points (x, y) = (1, 4), (2, 8) and (3, 14).
Find and solve a matrix equation for the unknowns (a, b, c).

14. (T) Let J = 11∗ . Then each entry of J equals 1. Determine condition(s) on a and b such that
bJ + (a − b)In is invertible. Find α and β in terms of a and b such that the inverse has the form
αJ + βI.

15. (T) Let x ∈ M3,1 (R). Then find y, z ∈ M3,1 (R) such that xT y = 0 and xT z = 0.

16. (T) Let A be an upper triangular matrix. If AA∗ = AA∗ then A is a diagonal matrix.

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