FACULTYOFENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGY

Lab HEAT PUMP TRAINER

03
BTV2213
LAB THERMODYNAMICS

Lab Outcomes
By the end of this lab, students should be able to:
To study the cyclic thermodynamic process of heat pump and comparing the
ideal, real and actual Coefficient of Performance (COP)

Student Name Student ID Section

Macnister Gestney Langga Ak Anding TC18063 03A

20 Razirie Bin Asnuh TH18010 03A

Siti Nor Atikah Binti Ramli TH18046 03A
Fiona Machartny Ding TH18023 03A
 Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to study the cyclic thermodynamic process of

heat pump and comparing the ideal, real and actual Coefficient of Performance (COP).

Firstly, all of the switch which are the main switch, the fans, compressor and the

circulation pump are on. Then, the cold water supply are connected via tap water with

hoses. After, leave the test stand to keep on running until it was stabilized and the flow

rate in the water circuit was set to 5 l/h. All the temperatures, pressure and the

compressor work were recorded. Repeat steps 3 and 4 but change the flow rate to 15 l/h

and all the results were recorded on a table. Lastly, switch off the compressor, fans,

circulation pump and main switch to shut down the process. The results shows the

higher the COP, the lower the operating cost because more heat is produces to where

heat is required.
 INTRODUCTION

Heat pump is a device which is provide thermal energy. Heat pump being used
by the country with four seasons. The system in this device is the same as the air
conditioner and the only difference it provides heat energy to surrounding. This device
consists of parts act as major function in the system. one of them, is condenser, next
compressor, evaporator and the in this parts the liquid undergoes phase changes .which
is the compressor the gas state be pressured to change to liquid while in the condenser
the condensation process take in and in the evaporator changes the state from liquid to
gas .This device is actually a recycling process of thermodynamics which used the same
type of liquid and the liquid undergoes a few phase changes while emitting heat energy
to surrounding.

This experiment demonstrates the general operation of vapor compression heat

pump. In order to determine the power input and coefficient of performance of the heat
pump, the temperature and pressure of water and compressor is observed. The
parameter observed to see the changes before and after the liquid in the systems pass
through a few parts which is condenser evaporator and compressor. In every parts of
the system it had occurred few changes and that is temperature, pressure and volume.
The result process cycle of heat pump is then transferred into the pressure enthalpy
diagram and enthalpy is found. The output coefficient, ε for ideal and real process are
then calculated.
 MATERIAL

Figure 1: Heat pump trainer

1 Compressor 11 Temperature sensor

2 Connection data acquisition 12 Coaxial condenser
3 Main switch 13 Flowmeter (water)
4 Pressostat 14 Water tank with cooling water coil
5 Pressure transmitter 15 Control valve
6 Evaporation with fans 16 Circulation pump
7 Expansion valve 17 Drain valve
8 Sight glass (refrigerant) 18 Cooling water connections
9 Filter / Dryer 19 Control valve and flowmeter
10 Receiver 20 Digital display
 METHOD

The main switch,the fans,the compressor and circulation pump were switched on.

The cold water supply was connected to hoses if cooling via tap water.

The test stand was leaved to run untill the pressures on the suction and delivery side had
stabilized.The flow in the water circuit was settled at the control valve such that the flow rate
is around 5 1/h

All temperatures, pressure and compressor work were recorded

The flow rate of water circuit was increased according to the values inside the result table and
all the parameters were recorded after the suction pressure and delivery side have stabilized.

Compressor,fan,circulation pump and main switch were switched off in order to shutdown
 RESULTS
Table 1: Result of the experiment

1 2

T 1 in ℃ 20.2 19.0

T 2 in ℃ 58.1 75.7

T 3 in ℃ 53.0 47.4

T 4 in ℃ 13.3 09.2

T 5 in ℃ 28.9 37.1

T 6 in ℃ 55.4 58.1

F 1 in L/hr 05.3 15.7

P el in kW 0.210 0.212

P 1 / 4 in bar 3.76 3.71

P 2 / 3 in bar 16.07 15.23

h 1 in kJ/kg 412 410

h 2 in kJ/kg 422 455

h 3 in kJ/kg 279 270

h 4 in kJ/kg 279 270

 CALCULATIONS

Qout h h h2  h3
 Ideal = = 2 3 εreal =
Win h2  h1 h2  h1

For rate flow of 5.3 L/hr:

h2  h3  h2  h3 
 Ideal =  
h2  h1  h2  h1 
 real =
F1
422  279
=
422  412 =
14.30
5.30
= 14.30
= 2.69

For rate flow of 15.7 L/hr:

h2  h3  h2  h3 
 Ideal =  
h2  h1 
 2 1
h h
 real =
455  270 F1
=
455  410
4.11
=
= 4.11 5.30

= 0.77
 m.Cp.Tout  Tin  V . .Cp.Tout  Tin 
 actual  =
Pcompr Pcompr

For flow rate of 5.3 L/hr:

 actual =
1.47 996 4.1958.1  20.2
0.210
= 1.107

For flow rate of 15.7 L/hr:

 actual =
4.36996 4.1975.7 19.0
0.212
= 4.866
 DISCUSSIONS

The meaning of output coefficient is the ratio of output energy to input energy. In this
experiment, it is also known as coefficient of performance (COP) where it is a ratio of useful
heating or cooling provided to work required. The energy output tends to be usable heat at a higher
temperature than the surrounding environment, while electricity provides the energy input. A high
coefficient of performance value represents a high efficiency.

Based on the result, the output coefficient is different. This is due to different value of rate
flow of the input. This also can be seen through the calculations, where the value of actual  is
different from the real process value. The higher the flow rate, the higher the output coefficient.
Besides, it can be obtained that the difference in the input temperature is also the factor that makes
the difference in the output coefficient. The heating process with a lower hot temperature will
increase efficiency compared to the system with a higher hot temperature.

As can be seen, the heat pump system coefficient of performance can be improved by reducing
the temperature difference. Reducing the output temperature is therefore very efficient, but
requires a very efficient heat transfer from the heat pump system to the surroundings in this
experiment, it has been proved that increasing the rate flow could also increase the output
coefficient.
 CONCLUSION

In the conclusion, the heat pump proses show that the movement of liquid and gas through
the heat pump device. The ideal, real and actual Coefficient of Performance (COP) had been
compare from the result. The proses show that heat transfer occurs inside the heat pump in such
ways. It show that, the result are different due to specific causes as input temperature. From the
result, the higher of the flowrate will increase the value of 𝜀𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 . The error that appear in the
experiment was when to collect the data from the digital display heat pump trainer because the
value just keep changing and the solution was only to take a photo to write the result. For the
recommendation of the experiment, the table graph should have shown the accurate value too easy
to find the value of h1, h2, h3 and h4.
 REFERENCES

1. Borgnakke, C., & Sonntag, R. (2013). The Second Law of Thermodynamics. In

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics (8th ed., pp. 244-245). Wiley.
2. OpenStaxCollege, Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators,
Browsing date ; 20 October 2019
https://opentextbc.ca/physicstestbook2/chapter/applications-of-thermodynamics-heat-
pumps-and-refrigerators/
3. Robert T.Balmer in 2011, Book of modern Engineering Thermodynamics
 APPENDIXES

Figure 2: Flowrate of water 5.3 l/h

Figure 3: Flowrate of water 15.7 l/h