Republic of the Philippines

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Everyone is institutionalized by law to participate in the development and

implementation of solid waste management. For the betterment of the environment and to ensure

the health of the public, RA 9003 was enacted to achieve the awareness and practices of the

public in solid waste management. It is a known fact which the law states that a school has a role

to disseminate the solid waste management act among the students. Hygiene where students

where once taught sanitation of the environment has been replaced with health education,

providing little or no opportunities through which students can be taught or learn the act of solid

waste management and sanitation. Students nowadays sometimes don’t apply the principle of

solid waste management that causes bottles, plastic wrappers and other garbage to scatter around

the university. It is a must to students to have the awareness in order to eradicate the effects of

disobedience in ecological solid waste management.

Students nowadays will be our next generation. So their knowledge is very crucial and

vital for it will be passed to the next generation. Their awareness and practices will help not only

today’s generation, but also the future earth as a whole. “Earth” because these promote better

environment free from waste materials, particularly solid wastes, as well as the bad effects of

misconduct like pollution. The Earth is the only planet where we can live so we must take care of

it at our best. Starting at the students may mean starting to nurture the youth. And we all know

that many philosophers already said that they are the hope of our fatherland. Thus, information

must be delivered to them clearly and encourage them to apply it in their daily living.

Van Niekerk (2014) stated that since school students are seen to be one of the key agents

of change to work towards a more sustainable future, they should be engaged as young as

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

possible and given a quality array of continuous learning to make them aware on environmental

problems such as poor waste management. The study promotes environmental awareness and a

pro-environmental attitude on young ones because they believe that young ones are of great help

towards a sustainable future. Sadly, students nowadays lost their sense of responsibilities, trash

are everywhere, bottles and papers scrambled in the aisle or veranda. Rooms are filled with trash;

it seems that students don’t care of their surroundings.

In the study presented by Samantha Boh (2016) shows that vendors should train the

schools' staff, students and canteen stallholders to separate compostable food waste from trash-

like tissue paper-that goes into the landfill. Students should not depend on the canteen keepers on

throwing their trash, a simple responsibility of throwing a can or plastic rappers on a right place

are not a big thing to do. School also needs to supervise student in disposal of waste. In school,

some teachers required students to pick up trash before proceeding to lecture it is a good example

of a simple reminder to students to keep a class room clean.

According to Man Tanchuling et al (2016), majority of the students said that their

decision to segregate will be affected by the trash bin design, thus, providing properly designed

trash bins that may aid in more efficient solid waste management in university can be a good

investment. However, it will only be effective with proper implementation and monitoring and

with the compliance of students and staff who care to contribute to attaining a clean and green up.

In this study, trash bins design is not the main reason of the students to be more efficient on the

proper solid waste management in the university. Each student must possess self-disciplined and

they must be aware on maintaining the cleanliness and orderliness of the surroundings. Trash

bins in our school department are along the aisle of the building, trash bin are not properly labeled

with biodegradable and non-biodegradable and recycled materials.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

According to Christian Paul P. De la Cruz (2016), environmental education is essential,

with emphasis on issues regarding solid waste management, should be included in the basic

curriculum or certain course works of college students, to expand their knowledge and attitude

towards improved practices on solid waste management. There’s this scenario in the College of

Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy wherein student are grouped to pick up bottles, this

is called "bottle drive" this is seen before intramurals or college days. I hope schools should

imply a bottle drive day not once a semester but once a week to free the school from tons of trash.

Solid wastes have become recurring features in our environment. It is no longer in doubt

that our environment is in undated with the challenges of improperly managed solid wastes. The

poor state of waste management in the country is caused by inadequate facilities, poor funding,

and poor implementation of policies as well as wrong lifestyle. Separating, reducing, reusing,

recycling and composting are good options for managing school waste in which every student

should be aware of. They must have knowledge as well as to find ways to get rid of school waste

with the least negative effects on the environment. “Knowledge is power,” Francis Bacon once

said. So in order to solve this huge problem, we must first plant the seed of knowledge to every

student in order for it to grow. This will be the start for them to realize and apply what they learn

in their everyday lives.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of awareness and practices of Financial

Management students on ecological solid waste management or RA 9003.

Specifically, this answers the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Year Level

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

1.2 Sex

1.3 Religion

2. What is the level of awareness of respondents on Ecological Solid Waste Management?

3. What are the practices of the students in managing solid waste?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the level of

their awareness on Ecological Solid Waste Management?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the management practices and level of

awareness of respondents on ecological solid waste management?

Hypotheses

This study states the following hypotheses:

a. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the level of

their awareness on Ecological Solid Waste Management.

b. There is no significant relationship between the management practices and level of awareness

of respondents on ecological solid waste management.

Conceptual Framework

The study uses the paradigm showing the input, process and output of the study in order

to establish the relationship among the variables selected for the study. The input includes the

profile, awareness and practices of the respondents. The process involves the correlation of their

awareness to their profile and to their practices while the output is the assessed awareness and

practices of the respondents.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Research Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Profile of the
respondents. Correlating the level of Assessed
awareness of the respondent’s
2. Level of awareness
respondent with their awareness on
of the respondents in
profile and their ecological solid
managing solid wastes.
practices. waste management
3. Respondent’s and its relationship
practices on managing to their practices.
solid wastes.

FEEDBACK

Fig. 1 Paradigm of the study

Significance of the Study

The result of the study would be of great benefit to the following:

Community. This study will encourage the community to take responsibility of their own solid

waste and properly segregating biodegradable, non-biodegradable from recyclable materials in

order to ensure the protection of public health and environment.

Schools. The given data will be a guide to the faculty on how to implement or educate students

towards solid waste management. Student awareness is significant to students because at the

young age proper practices on waste management will be carried out as they get older for a better

environment not only in schools but also in the community.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Government. The given data will as well guide the government in order to implement or

intensify programs most specially the Local Government Unit (LGU) supporting the ecological

solid waste management.

Students. This study would help them know the ways on how to practice solid waste

management inside the school premises and later transferred to the community and family

members.

The Reader. This study would help the readers to have a deeper understanding of the programs

facilitated by school towards solid waste management that could enhance the sense of

responsibility of the students.

Researcher. This study would help the researcher to know if the implementation and practices of

solid waste management can help to the betterment of the school. This study will give the

researcher more knowledge on how we could help community in preserving our environment by

being a role model to everyone in terms of proper solid waste management.

Future Researchers. The result of the study would benefit the future researchers most especially

those who would focus on solid waste management studies. The study will serve as eye opener to

the importance of proper waste management. Furthermore, result of this study can serve as the

basis in strengthening the effective implementation of the RA 9003.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the awareness of students in relation to solid waste management.

The respondents of the study should only comprise of Financial Management students of

Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus for the School Year 2018-2019.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of this study, the following terms were defined conceptually

and operationally.

Ecological Solid Waste Management or R.A. 9003 - it is a generally set of rules of solid waste

management being implemented and complied by the Financial Management students of CSU

Andrews Campus.

Waste - is anything that scattered trash either be biodegradable, non-biodegradable and recycled

materials inside the premises of the campus.

Waste Management - simply the responsibility of collecting trash and throwing it on right places.

Segregation - the identification and separation of biodegradable, non-biodegradable and recycled

materials put in different containers.

Trash bins - it is the container used for biodegradable, non-biodegradable and recyclable wastes.

Implementation - it is an order given by the administration on solid waste management in which

the students must comply.

Awareness – the state of being familiar to ecological solid waste management.

Ecological – the relationships between the group of living things and their environment.

College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy (CBEA) - it is an educational

department wherein the researcher focuses.

Financial Management – specialization of respondents of the study.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter contains the foreign and local literatures as well as the foreign and local

studies related to Ecological Solid Waste Management or RA 9003. It is no longer in doubt that

our environment is inundated with the challenges of unclear solid wastes. This chapter aims to

have an overview on how students or people comply with solid waste management in school

canteens and in communities.

Related Literature

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Samantha Boh (2016), As part of the project, the vendor will train the schools' staff,

students and canteen stallholders to separate compostable food waste from trash - like tissue

paper- that goes into the landfill. From there, the word is expected to spread - schools often hold

talks to encourage students not to waste food, and work with neighboring schools and community

partners.

Erica Reeve (2018), A lack of human and financial resources for implementation,

planning and policy enforcement limited the impact of the policy on the healthiness of school

food provision. Ambiguity in policy wording aloud a wide interpretation of the foods eligible to

be provided in school and led to difficulties ineffective monitoring and enforcement. Policy

makers should ensure policy language clearly and unequivocally promotes healthier foods and

beverage options.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Environmental Management Agency (2015), Schools which are interested in undertaking

waste prevention activities can do so by reducing or eliminating material from entering the waste

stream. They are encouraged to reduce waste at the source because this prevents the generation of

waste in the first place, so it is a preferred method of waste management and goes a long way

towards protecting the environment. Reduce the amount of food leftovers that is thrown away by

taking only as much food as you can consume. Compost food scraps to use as a soil amendment

on school grounds and gardens.

Nirmala Komandai (2017), Food waste comprises all waste at the back of the house,

including that from overproduction, expiration, spoilage, overcooked items, contaminated items

and dropped items. It is an important renewable energy resource and most commonly transported

to landfills for composting. The best way to start reducing food waste is not to create it in the first

place. This is also called source reduction. School canteens can minimize disposal and

procurement costs by implementing simple waste prevention procedures.

Switchasia (2017), Soon after the project interventions, Mr. Gurung became fully aware

of the magnitude of proper waste disposal, and its health and environment benefits. "Information

on waste segregation at source and proper waste disposal mechanisms was an eye opener that

resulted in behaviour change. After rigorous brainstorming, we designed innovative, cost-

effective and sustainable segregation bins using sacks",

Hanson et al (2016), Taking track of the uncertainty of FW estimations is advisable since

it increases the awareness on the results of users, fostering their use in decision making processes

and allowing them to improve the quality of data. The food laws and accounting and reporting

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

standard reports an extended list of the potential cost of uncertainties for FW quantifications and

provides guidance on how to consider uncertainty qualitively and quantitively.

Siti Fatimah Che Osmi1 (2013), The privatization of solid waste management is applied

to control and manage the waste collection and disposal to proper and legal sanitary landfill. The

concessionaire also responsible to supply communal bins for public use, manage waste collection

along with schedule, used the cost effective and efficient solid waste management system and

promote educating the public for proper handling and waste storage.

Jenna R. Jambeck (2015), Plastic debris in the marine environment is widely

documented, but the quantity of plastic entering the ocean from waste generated on land is

unknown. By linking worldwide data on solid waste, population density, and economic status, we

estimated the mass of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean. We calculate that 275 million

metric tons (MT) of plastic waste was generated in 192 coastal countries in 2010, with 4.8 to 12.7

million MT entering the ocean. Population size and the quality of waste management systems

largely determine which countries contribute the greatest mass of uncaptured waste available to

become plastic marine debris. Without waste management infrastructure improvements, the

cumulative quantity of plastic waste available to enter the ocean from land is predicted to increase

by an order of magnitude by 2025.

Yiing Chiee Moh, Latifah Abd Manaf (2017). The mentality towards cleanliness, the

sense of responsibility towards properly managing waste, as well as public concerns on the

implications of not separating waste for recycling are critically lacking. Besides widespread of

open dumping and illegal dumping, landfill sites in Malaysia are in dire state while source

separation for recycling remain minimal despite the dominance of recyclable materials in the

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

waste composition. The historical discussion on the solid waste management policy and plan

strategies assesses Malaysian solid waste management needs to set realistic perspective for solid

waste management particularly in source separation and recycling. Transformation of primitive

solid waste management policy and plan strategies resulted to major changes in the system and

rigorous implementation of mandatory source separation through Act 672.

Gengyuan Liu (2017), Waste management is a specific practice aimed at reducing the

effects of waste materials on the environment and increasing material and energy recovery. The

Beijing Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Treatment System has been slow to adopt new

technologies capable to enable better treatment results. The aim of the present ecological-

economic evaluation of different treatment technologies is to achieve the maximum practical

benefits from investments and to ensure the minimum environmental impacts of waste flows

based on variable source-separated collection and transportation rates.

Ogbiten B. Ogbemi, et al (2017), The challenge of urban solid waste management also

depnds on the literacy levels of the citizens. For example, of the 1062 people arrested for various

sanitation offences between August 2005 and March 2006 in Sapele, in Sapele local Government

Area of Delta State, 40 percent were illiterate (do not have primary school leaving Certificate)

(Rim- Rukeh and Ogbemi 2006). The claimed that they are not aware of any government policy

and legislation on environmental issues and blamed government for failing to reach out to

everyone. Communication has a major role to play.

Vaibhav Srivastava (2015), Management of municipal solid waste is a global problem

and is faced by all developing countries. The rapid pace of increase in population, economic

growth, urbanization and industrialization is coupled with accelerated solid waste generation.

In most of the developing countries wastes are either scattered in urban centers or disposed off

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

unplanned in low lying areas or open dumps. The lack of infrastructure for collection,

transportation, treatment and disposal of solid waste, proper solid waste management planning,

insufficient financial resources, technical expertise and public attitude have made the situation

exasperating due to which several environmental and health related problems are increasing.

Though, there are many negative issues related to solid waste, it also provides many

opportunities that not only mitigates its negative impact but also helps in meeting the demand

for energy and employment generation as well as in soil health improvement.

G. Ghiani and D. Lagana' (2014), Solid waste management (SWM) is an increasingly

complex task, absorbing a huge amount of resources and having a major environmental impact.

Computerized systems based on operations research techniques can help decision makers to

achieve remarkable cost savings as well as to improve waste recovery. Nevertheless, the literature

is quite scattered and disorganized. The objective of this paper is to present an updated survey of

the most relevant operations research literature on SWM, mainly focusing on strategic and

tactical issues. In addition to providing an extensive bibliographic coverage, we describe the

relationships between the various problems, and outline future research.

Ann M. Simmons (2016). The threat of waste to the environment, health and safety is

huge. And so are the financial and social ramifications, waste experts say.Pollution runs into

rivers and seeps into ground water. Flooding is caused by garbage clogging drains, and the

atmosphere can be poisoned by the toxic discharge from trash.

Asian Development Bank (2013). Managing solid waste is one of the major challenges in

urbanization. A survey conducted in all 58 municipalities of Nepal in 2012 found that the average

municipal solid waste generation was 317 grams per capita per day. This translates into 1,435

tons per day or 524,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste generation in Nepal. Many of

12
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

these technically and financially constrained municipalities are still practicing roadside waste

pickup from open piles and open dumping, creating major health risks.

Nassereldeen A Kabbashi et. al (2016).All countries have regulations and policies which

dictates how waste should be managed. Responsibilities especially in the areas of health,

environmental management and planning expected by law are well spelt out . One major

challenge of MSW in Africa is the creation of enough capacity not only limited to monetary terms

but also in technological and infrastructural advancement. This is required so as to drive at an

environmentally sound waste management wherein recovery and recycling of waste streams

across Africa will be achieved. There is need to have access to finance and technical knowledge

and this will go a long way in assisting the waste management municipalities who are most times

ill-equipped to deal with prompt collection and disposal of waste.

Joan Marc Simon(2014). It might look like a contradiction but in Denmark the system is

set up in a way that the worst thing you can do is reduce the size of your waste bin. Why? Well,

every city in Denmark has its own incinerator and they are mostly publicly owned. This means

that the citizens are actually the owners of the burners and hence if less waste is sent for burning -

because it is being avoided, reused or recycled- the incinerator will function under full capacity,

lowering the efficiency to generate heat and power. Yet the incinerator has to meet the capital and

operating costs with less income which will result in an increase in the waste management fees.

I.e. the more waste you generate, the better for your pocket.

Jerry A. Nathanson(2015). Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and

disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer

useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these

conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management

present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic,

and social problems that must be managed and solved.

Nicole Raz(2016). Throwing trash into a landfill is so cheap in Nevada that its posing a

challenge for the state to beef up more eco-friendly waste management programs.Its very, very

difficult to cost less money than digging a hole and throwing trash into it, We actually have to get

diversion, recycling and reuse going in the face of inexpensive landfilling.

Noah (2015).As part of Colombia's 2014-18 development plan, the government set out to

improve waste management processes and specifically defined new regional coverage schemes

that benefited 17 departments of the country.And while the measures are aimed at improving

solid waste management across Colombia, capital Bogotá could be considered the country's worst

offender in terms of poor waste management processes.

LOCAL LITERATURE

Architect Felino A. Palafox Jr., (2017), The times call for active measures to combat

climate change. People have again and again relayed the words: reuse, reduce, and recycle. I

would like to add―refuse. Refuse to add to the pollution, and refuse to commit unhealthy

practices.By allowing the stakeholders to be involved in such projects and programs, they do not

only become more aware of the need to maintain the cleanliness of their surroundings and protect

the environment, but they also learn to incorporate the proper practices of solid waste

management in their daily lives.

Bomie Laine S. Castillo (2017), Department of Education (DepEd)-Davao Region

released a memorandum, mandating all public schools to serve only healthy food in their school

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

canteens to promote healthy nutrition among the students. The observance of proper sanitation

has to be prioritize by the school administrations as the health of the studentmust be ensured

inside the premises of the schools.

Xavier University (2016), It is our goal to become a zero waste campus. In line with this

direction, the administration will continue to improve its operation and will further find ways and

means to properly manage our solid waste. Existing facilities on campus: Materials Recovery

Facility (MRF), Vermicomposting Facility,(soft) Plastic waste recycling.

Paula de Castro (2017), Strict segregation is practiced in St. Scholasticas Academy, where Sister

Delia Singian has helped in linking the Benedictine schools mission to the citys efforts in

pursuing Zero Waste. Trash bins for different kinds of waste are seen around campus. In the

cafeteria, there are no plastic straws and disposable utensils; students also separate their food

wastes. The schools Materials Recovery Facility is well maintained.

Stephanie Cabigao (2017), Waste management has been a great challenge, especially in

highly populated cities around the world. Nations have been creative now more than ever in

formulating and implementing environmental initiatives, policies, as well as programs on waste

disposal and management. The University of the Philippines, as the countrys national university,

is mandated to lead and benchmark new strategic programs which contribute to sustainable

environmental development. UP thus established Green UP, which aims to contribute policy

options across the system, including green building standards, energy audits, replacement of

equipment to improve energy efficiency, water and solid waste management, monitoring of

building maintenance standards, environmental management and other strategic initiatives in

relation to climate change, disaster risk reduction and sustainability.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Albert P. Aquino (2013), Human activities contribute significantly in waste management.

Recognizing the effects of improper management, garbage crisis can be prevented by practicing

waste characterization and segregation at source, proper collection and transfer, recycling, and

composting as mandated by the law.

Pia Ranada ( 2014), San Fernando City is being hailed by environmentalists as the only

city that has, so far, been able to follow the law to a tee. The law requires each barangay to have a

materials recovery facility (MRF) which is key to decentralizing waste management. An MRF is

a place where all the garbage generated by the barangay is sorted into recyclables, organic waste,

and non-recyclables or residual waste.

Oliver T. Baccay (2013), He said they required the city officials to establish their sanitary

landfill or at least a controlled dumpsite, put up a material recovery facility in very barangay and

to implement the waste segregation scheme. We advised them to implement the no segregation,

no collection of garbage policy wherein the garbage collectors will not collect wastes that are

segregated from the houses, Siador said. Siador also stated that problems on solid wastes do not

rest only on political will of local officials but more so with the culture of every individual.

Anthon Mark Jay Alguno Rivas (2013), As young environmentalists, I urge everyone to

examine their own school and let us report the solid waste management of our school and offer

suggestions and solutions to problems we shall discover in our investigation. Another point of

interest is the trash bins strategically located in almost every corner of the school. I will discuss

this thoroughly in the succeeding posts. For now, it is safe to say that the university is making

effort to segregate solid wastes. But I have to ask details how and where the wasted go.

Panay News (2017), The bottom line is this: solid waste management should not just be a

concern of the government, national and local. This is every citizens responsibility. Intensive

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

segregation at source. Composting. Recycling. Seriously, these can be done at home. These are

simple but real waste prevention and reduction solutions families can do to cut the volume and

toxicity of what our society throws away.

Asian Development Bank (2017), Most municipalities have access to waste

characterization data from previous audits. Almost inevitably, the data are spurious and

municipalities are strongly encouraged to undertake an end-of-pipe waste characterization study

to obtain valid data as a sound basis for SWM planning. The only exception is if the municipality

wishes to characterize a specific waste stream for processing or reuse purposes. Integrated

resource recovery is the recommended approach to waste management for any municipality. This

aims to generally instill an understanding and garner support within the community for desirable

waste management principles. The most successful waste minimization schemes are those that are

multipronged. The combination of education, pricing intervention, and legislation is required to

achieve significant and sustainable waste minimization.

John Rhico V. Cubol (2018), Being one of the developing countries, Philippines have

increased waste generation matching its dramatic growth of population, urbanization and

enhanced living standards. Improper waste disposal has been a major contributing factor to the

environment degradation. Thus, an effective waste management system must be introduced.

Many students are also aware of waste segregation and believed in its importance for both in

school and in their homes.

Gay B. Gaspay (2016), Recognizing the severity of garbage problem in the city it adapted

a waste management system through waste segregation with emphasis on the importance of

minimizing waste through recycling, resource recovery, reuse and composting biodegradable

waste materials."Our utilities are alerted too, to constantly kept our comfort rooms clean &

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

odorless, our buildings and grounds be freed from litters"Constant information awareness

campaign on the other hand will be imposed by barangay leaders to educate their constituents the

proper way and importance of waste segregationThere is money in basura Cristina said.

Kathreena Gabaldon (2018), CLAYGO or Clean as you go is a practice commonly

observed in some fast food chains and other public places to minimize risks to hygiene, health,

and safety. This method encourages all of us to make cleaning a part of our daily routine. From

the surfaces, tables and/or other equipment, we need to ensure that these are clean, hygienic, and

clutter-free. More than being obsessed with cleanliness, this practice is our little way of showing

how we care for our environment. Instead of relying entirely on street sweepers or city cleaners,

we should at least make an effort on cleaning up our own mess.

Joey C. Papa (2017), More heads can think and more hands can work to segregate waste

at source, compost biodegradable waste, and re-use, recycle, or sell nonbiodegradable waste.

These are simple acts of caring for our common home, in our households and backyards. We just

need to love our country more to make it a zero-waste society.

Sunstar —Pangasinan (2018), The municipal government here will strictly implement its

environmental code - covering the plastic ban, prohibition on improper garbage disposal, and

garbage burning.He said that they are now conducting information dissemination, urging

residents to use eco-bags or the traditional bayong.Rivera said the Task Force Kalikasan created

by the mayor will be in charge of the monitoring of the implementation of the ordinance

Darwin S. Serion (2017), As to processing and resource recovery in commercial areas, he

said that public markets shall adopt a segregation scheme that will facilitate the segregation of

recyclables, food or vegetable waste, non-recyclables and food wastes from commercial centers

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

such as restaurants and canteens shall be collected as fodder or animal feeds and shall not be

disposed to sewers.

Christian Paul P. de la Cruz (2016), Environmental education is recommended, with

emphasis on issues regarding solid waste management and recycling, should be included in the

basic curriculum or certain course works of college students, to expand their knowledge and

attitude towards improved practices on solid waste management. Relevant seminars and programs

on environmental protection and waste management should be organized by LSPU and the

Municipality of Los Baños to encourage students and the general public to becoming

environmentally‐responsible citizens.

Inquirer (2018), The Court of Appeals has ordered the Laguna Lake Development

Authority (LLDA) to vacate a lakeside property along C6 Road in Taguig City and return it to

solid waste contractor IPM Construction and Development Corporation (IPM). In a six-page

resolution dated August 29, 2018, penned by Associate Justice Priscilla Baltazar-Padilla of the

CAs Special 14th Division, the appellate court also barred LLDA General Manager Jaime Medina

and other officers, agents and staff from interfering, dispossessing and intruding with IPMs right

over the property until the case is resolved.

Jerry T. Paghayon (2018), The ordinance aims to, among others, correct the unsystematic

waste disposal by households, institutions and commercial/industrial establishment, offices and

transport facilities which not only causes unsightly surroundings but also pollute the environment

and promote the spread of communication diseases.

19
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Related Studies

Foreign Studies

Mohamed Alwaeli (2015). Information on waste composition is an essential part of the

selection of the most appropriate system for storage and transport, evaluating equipment needs,

determinationof the potential for resource recovery, choice of a suitable method for disposal,

sustainable management programs and proper planning. This information is necessary in order to

determine the possible environmental impact on nature as well as on society; identify waste

components to target for source reduction and recycling programs; and to allow technical

professionals to design any waste facility such as material recovery facilities, composting

facilities, projects sanitary landfills. This study is essential to know the composition in selecting

appropriate system on how to manage wastes.

Pereira dos Reis (2017), Regarding the quantification of the solid waste generated, a

total of more than 40 tons per year is calculated, with the greatest part being composed of wood

scraps (chips and shavings) and sawdust/powder. Thus, considering that approximately 190 tons

of raw materials are used per year, the company shows a loss percentage of more than 20%; that

is, more than 20% of the raw material that goes into the production process is not used and

becomes solid waste, which, in turn, beyond being considered waste, causes the company to

waste money on its legal disposal. This reinforces the fact that pollution, whether it be in the form

of solid waste, liquid effluent, or atmospheric emissions, is not only an environmental issue but

also a financial issue, given the inputs that are lost in the form of waste.The study focuses on

solid waste management that reinforces pollution is not only an environmental issue but also a

financial issue.

20
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Thu ThaoPhan Hoang et al (2016), We believe that environmental education at

elementary schools is an effective approach to raising awareness of sustainability issues among

people in Southeast Asian countries. This is because the number of out-of-school children of

secondary- and higher-education age increases relative to those in primary education. In Vietnam,

between 2012 and 2013, 98.3% of the children went to elementary schools. Among them, 92.3%

entered middle schools. In Thailand, Indonesia, and Cambodia, 96, 94, and 86% of children went

to elementary schools, respectively. The rates of continuation to secondary schools among these

countries were 95, 96, and 80%, respectively. Therefore, by focusing on environmental education

in elementary schools, we can reach most of the children. The study also promotes awareness on

environmental education at schools but also focuses only on elementary schools because they

believe that it is an effective approach in raising awareness of sustainability issues among people

in Southeast Asian countries.

Kirstin Ross (2018), Ensuring of awareness and uptake of waste separation by local

citizens is a significant challenge for the local municipality. Information must be provided across

the public domain in a way that is direct and reduces confusion while increasing awareness

among local citizens. Rules and regulations have to be clear and be developed with a bottom up

approach to ensure that the changes match cultural and distinct local needs in the area. This also

includes the revenue collection processes.The study is all about awareness on waste separation

and having the rules and regulations by local citizens in local municipalities.

Kunwar Paritosh (2017), Food wastage and its accumulation are becoming a critical

problem around the globe due to continuous increase of the world population. The exponential

growth in food waste is imposing serious threats to our society like environmental pollution,

health risk, and scarcity of dumping land. There is an urgent need to take appropriate measures to

21
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

reduce food waste burden by adopting standard management practices. The study is about food

waste as a serious treats to our society by becoming environmental pollution,health risk,and

scarcity of dumping land. And so the study promotes an urgent need of reducing food waste

burden by adopting standard management practices.

Hangtao Yi (2017), Solid waste disposal and management is a significant part of

government environmental regulations and administration in China. A province/city with positive

environmental policies should have more substantive support to manage industrial solid waste.

Thus we hypothesize that cities can better solve solid waste problems if they have more stringent

environmental regulations. The study believe that government environmental regulations and

administration in China should be adopted by all cities or provinces because they believe that

cities can be better solve solid waste problems if they have more stringent environmental

regulation.

Takaaki Kato (2016), From the results, environmental education increased environmental

knowledge in elementary schools. It was found that after environmental education the students

were adept with the concepts of organic waste, inorganic waste, and recyclable and reusable

waste. The students' interest in the environmental education in school was that 96% liked the

educational activities, and 89% wanted to attend the activities again. In order to reduce pollution

from solid waste, this study's environmental education with regard to waste separation, eco-bags,

and food waste collection systems will help create a more comprehensive curriculum. The study

on environmental education about waste seperation promotes the use of ecobags and food waste

collection system that will help create a more comprehensive curiculum.

Van Niekerk (2014), Since school students are seen as one of the key agent of change to

work towards a more sustainable future, they should be engaged as young as possible and given a

22
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

quality array of continuous learning to improve their knowledge on environmental problems such

as poor waste management. Improved knowledge would contribute to improved environmental

awareness and a pro-environmental attitude. The study promotes environmental awareness and a

pro-environmental attitude on young ones because they believe that young ones are seen as one of

the key agent of change to work towards a sustainable future.

Offira Gabbay (2013), Municipal solid waste management continues to be an

environmental health burden in many African cities. Overwhelmed with the magnitude of the

problem, city authorities tend to seek out environmentally friendly but costly "win—win"

technologies via public-private partnerships with firms often from the North, yet these

technologies may be inappropriate for the local conditions. While the authorities' intentions may

be laudable, the approach may be born out from an empirical vacuum. Using case studies from

Accra, we illustrate how investments in new solid waste management technologies may well be

ill-fated if the requisite waste stream composition data does not exist to justify such investments.

We also highlight the importance of recognizing the innovations of "informal" waste pickers and

legitimizing them with the formal system. Until the evidence — along with appropriate

institutional and financial instruments — show favorable conditions for investing in advanced

waste management technologies, authorities in African cities would do well to consider

integrating proven innovations taking place in their own "backyard."The study lighlighted the

importance of innovations of informal waste pictures and ligitimizing the people with the formal

system, and also technologies that would be inappropriate for the local conditions that the city

authories of African were seeking out.

Raja Nagappan (2013), A cross-sectional study was carried out in Veterinary Clinics,

Gondar town, Ethiopia from November 2011 to April 2012. Totally 416 ruminants were recorded

23
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

in the clinics in which 36 clinical cases (34 bovine and 2 sheep) were operated for rumen

problem. The overall prevalence of foreign bodies' was 8.6%. The non-penetrating foreign bodies

have higher prevalence than penetrating foreign bodies. The commonly recovered non-

penetrating foreign bodies were plastics (36.6%), followed by sack thread (26.8%), rope (16.9%),

leather (15.5%) and hair (4.2%). The penetrating foreign bodies were wires (51.9% commonly

occurred), followed by nail (37.0%) and needles (11.1%). The common clinical symptoms

observed were recurrent bloat (34.8%), suspended rumination (17.4%), scanty feces (10.9%),

anorexia (8.7%), rough hair coat (6.5%) and distended abdomen (21.7%). Outcome of this

rumenotomy studies were significantly associated with relation to the quantities of foreign bodies

recovered. Out of 36 animals operated 24 were well recovered, 4 faced postoperative

complication and 8 died. Adult female animals were more affected than younger and male. The

present study revealed that inappropriate solid wastes disposed in the study area not only pollute

the environment but also have adverse effects on healthy ruminants. In conclusion, detection of

the foreign bodies in fore stomach suggested as health risk to ruminants. Therefore, appropriate

solid waste disposal system need to implement in the study area to prevent health risk of

ruminants and also to protect the environment. The study is about the quantities of foreign bodies

recovered with wastes on their stomach because of the inappropriate solid wastes disposed and so

they proposed appropriate solid waste disposal system to be implemented.

Mentore Vaccari et al (2014), Solid waste management in low and middle-income

countries has a lot of potential for improvement. Understanding how a specific decision choice

towards improvement will match to enabling local conditions and thereafter impact on the

local context, is crucial when identifying the most sustainable solutions. As defined in this

paper, assessment tools are structured procedures or methods which, when used, result in

objective and replicable information; either on the technological appropriateness of the

24
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

decision choice or the local enabling or disabling conditions influencing success or failure of

the decision choice (be it technical or managerial). Formalized assessment tools help to ensure

a structured way of thinking and provide a comprehensive method for data collection and

analysis. Furthermore, by using a systematic and defined methodology they can ensure

objectivity and replicability.With the above mention studies, Christian Zurbugg, et all, 2014

proposed the use of formalized assessment tools will help to ensure a structured way of thinking

and will provide a comprehensive method for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they also

proposed the use of systematic and defined methodology.

Paul H Brunner et al (2014), Assessment methods are common tools to support decisions

regarding waste management. The objective of this review article is to provide guidance for the

selection of appropriate evaluation methods. For this purpose, frequently used assessment

methods are reviewed, categorized, and summarized. In total, 151 studies have been considered in

view of their goals, methodologies, systems investigated, and results regarding economic,

environmental, and social issues. A goal shared by all studies is the support of stakeholders. Most

studies are based on life cycle assessments, multi-criteria-decision-making, cost-benefit analysis,

risk assessments, and bench marking. Approximately 40% of the reviewed articles are life cycle

assessment-based; and more than 50% apply scenario analysis to identify the best waste

management options. Most studies focus on municipal solid waste and consider specific

environmental loadings. Economic aspects are considered by approximately 50% of the studies,

and only a small number evaluate social aspects. The choice of system elements and boundaries

varies significantly among the studies; thus, assessment results are sometimes contradictory.

Based on the results of this review, we recommend the following considerations when assessing

waste management systems: (i) a mass balance approach based on a rigid input—output analysis

of the entire system, (ii) a goal-oriented evaluation of the results of the mass balance, which takes

25
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

into account the intended waste management objectives; and (iii) a transparent and reproducible

presentation of the methodology, data, and results.According to Astrid Allesch and Paul H

Brunner, 2014 study, the selection of appropriate evaluation methods in supporting the decisions

regarding waste management and the boundaries varies significantly and so they recommend

some considerations in assessing waste management systems such as; A mass balance approach

based on a rigid input-output analysis of the entire system and a transparent and reproductible

presentation of the methodology, data and results.

Hassan A. Arafat et al (2014), An account is given of the causes of the different types

of waste encountered in this sector and what strategies may be used to reduce them. These

strategies are further highlighted in terms of initiatives and practices which are already being

implemented around the world to facilitate sustainable waste management. We also

recommended a general waste management procedure to be followed by properties of the

hospitality sector and described how waste mapping, an innovative yet simple strategy, can

significantly reduce the waste generation of a hotel. Generally, we found that not many scholarly

publications are available in this area of research. More studies need to be carried out on the

implementation of sustainable waste management for the hospitality industry in different parts of

the world and the challenges and opportunities involved. With the above mention studies about

the school cafeterias becoming the source of food waste they proposed that this waste can be

reduced through educating students and school staffs in order to change behaviors that causes

food waste.

Camilo Cornejo et al (2015), School cafeterias are a significant source of food waste and

represent an ideal opportunity for diverting food waste from landfills. In this study, cafeteria

waste audits were conducted at three Florida schools. Food waste comprised the largest fraction

26
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

of school cafeteria waste streams, ranging from 47% to 58%, followed by milk, paper products

(tissue, milk cartons, pasteboard, paper plates, and cardboard), and plastics (plastic wrap,

packaging, and utensils). Metal and glass comprised the smallest fraction of the waste stream.

Food waste can be reduced through educating students and staff in order to change behaviors that

cause food waste. Food waste can be collected and recycled through composting or anaerobic

digestion in order to generate beneficial end products, including soil amendments and bioenergy.

Over 75% of the cafeteria waste measured in this study could be recycled in this manner.

According to ANOVA, Plate waste from elementary and middle school canteens have higher

percentage of wastes.

Shashank Chaudhary et al (2014), Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes wastes such as

durable goods, non-durable goods, containers and packaging, food wastes yard wastes, and

miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.

Example of waste from these categories include appliances, newspapers, clothing, food scarps,

boxes, disposable tableware, office and classroom paper, wood pallets, and cafeteria wastes.

MSW does not include wastes from sources such as municipal sludge, combustion ash, and

industrial non-hazardous process wastes that might also be disposed of in municipal waste

landfills or incinerators. Determining actual MSW generation rates is difficult. Different studies

report a wide variation as they use different components. Many times industrial and demolition

wastes are included in municipal solid wastes. With the above mention studies, the implemented

integrated waste management into elementary schools were lacking and so a system for analyzing

existing programs were developed which is the scoring system that would take into consideration

of the major elements needed for a waste reduction and source-separation plan.

27
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Leslie Cunningham-Sabo et al (2013), Plate waste from elementary- and middle-school

students lunch trays was measured in autumn 2010 using a previously validated digital

photography method. Percentage waste was estimated to the nearest 10 % for the entrée, canned

fruit, fresh fruit, vegetable, grain and milk. Univariate ANOVA determined differences in

percentage waste between schools, grades and genders. Daily nutrient intake was calculated using

the district's menu analysis and percentage waste. According to ANOVA, Plate waste from

elementary and middle school canteens have higher percentage of wastes

Vasil Diyamandoglu et al (2014), Despite efforts to implement integrated waste

management in elementary schools, appropriate planning tools that document performance and

support program development are lacking. To fill this gap, a system for analyzing existing

programs was developed. After identifying the phases required for a successful program, a

scoring system was developed to quantify the performance of existing programs. To 0assess

existing protocol, recommendations from leading municipalities were reviewed, and the

performance of existing programs was quantified within the scoring system. The existing protocol

was found to contain similarities, but an overarching approach was needed to connect the

provisions with programs that have been successfully deployed. From this analysis, a scoring

system was developed to take into consideration the major elements needed for a waste reduction

and source-separation plan, colloquially referred to as a recycling plan, as well as the specifics of

implementation. With the above mention studies, the implemented integrated waste management

into elementary schools were lacking and so a system for analyzing existing programs were

developed which is the scoring system that would take into consideration of the major elements

needed for a waste reduction and source-separation plan.

28
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

F. A. Samiul Islam (2016), Waste Management is an issue of renewed focus and no

longer to be neglected. In our country this problem is very acute. Extensive research works are

needed in this field to find ways to abase the problems arising from improper solid waste

management. A number of studies have been conducted in Bangladesh and few studies have also

been conducted in Chittagong on the issue of waste management. But an integrated study

enveloping manifold aspects of waste management like waste generation, reasons behind

improper waste management have got little focus in the studies of earlier researchers. This

research gap has created proclivity in present researchers to conduct a research on the issue.

According to F.A Samiul Islam, 2016 study on waste management is an issue of renewed focus

and no longer to be neglected and so this research gap has created proclivity in present

researchers to conduct a research on the issue.

Farjana Nasrin (2016), if effective steps are not taken immediately, the whole

environment will be polluted. The government should deal with the management program more

importantly both policy including formulation and implementation level and administrative level

including management, monitoring and enforcement of law. Beside this, adequate manpower and

budget, modern technology, adequate number of transports and dustbins are necessary in the

management level.

Suraiya Yasmin et al (2017), Effective solid waste management calls for the active

participation of both formal and informal sectors. Informal sector scan play an important role in

initiating, innovating new concepts, providing technical knowledge and providing training to

others. So for sustainable and effective management of solid waste in Dhaka city, active

participation of both sectors should be recommended. If waste management process can start at

primary level and community based programme can initiate then waste can be easily manageable.

29
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Now this is the time to rethink about waste disposal system and developing a wide range of

systems and approaches to minimize the environmental hazard as well as reaching a profitable

solutions using waste. With the above mention studies, active participation of both formal and

informal sectors would be more effective on solid waste management providing technical

knowledge and training to people with regards to proper waste disposal.

Local Studies

Margarita Paghasian (2017), the awareness of the students had no influence to their

practices on solid waste management in terms of disposal while the practices of the students in

terms of segregation, reduce, reuse and recycle had significant relationship of their awareness on

solid waste management. However, MSUMSAT should conduct trainings and seminars regularly

about Solid Waste Management and allow the students as participants to provide them enough

information about it. The Coordinator of Solid Waste Management Program should lead

campaigns and give more information about proper practices in segregation, reducing and reusing

waste materials in order for the students to have a very good habit on these practices. The study

aims to promote the proper waste disposal.The proper segregation, reducing waste and the

knowledge of reusing and recycling waste materials in order reduce the waste that could be a

good practice and a habit by everyone.

Abigail Manzano Bachelor et al (2014), The Waste Management practices of LPU-B are

effective in terms of collection, disposable, recovery and processing as perceived by the

respondents. The respondents are moderately agreed that there are problems occurring in the

waste management practices of LPU-B, specifically that disposal area of waste materials is not

strategically located. The study also agreed that there is problem on the waste management

30
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

practices. The location or the dumping site where to dispose all the wastes was not specifically

located.

Janrozl Campo et al (2014), Three issues regarding the Solid Waste Management

Program and the Solid Waste Segregation Program are: the lack of means to monitor littering

inside the premises (mean=3.24), which implies that the students did not know, Shortage of trash

bins for segregation in the campuses (mean=3.12) might be the reason why most of the wastes

that are being collected in CLSU are not segregated. The third issue is on the lack of advertising,

which supports the result that most of the students don’t know what they are the punishments

from throwing trash on the ground. In this study there are many issues that is more on proper

waste disposal and segregation. The lack of different kinds of trash bins that is used to throw the

different kinds of waste and the awareness of the students on proper disposing and the penalties

that will be given for whoever commits the premises.

Enrico C. Garcia et al (2016), School cafeteria is a food service location in the academic

institutions where students and employees buy their food and carry to the table or take out the

food. In LPU- Laguna cafeteria have eight stalls that sell a variety of food like milk tea, nachos,

sandwich, pizza, rice meals, shawarma, drinks and more. The school cafeteria must practice waste

management because it is one of the places in the school that produces a lot of solid waste. The

study aims to promote that each of the school cafeteria must practice waste disposal and proper

handling of food, because this is the place in the academic institutions where students and

employees more often buy their food and spend some of their vacant time.

Dr. Jose Ariel R. Ibarrientos (2015), The larger task of education is to help expand our

sense of ecological and human possibilities. It is a positive response to promote ecological

imagination and help to develop ecological competencies. With the global climate issues today,

31
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

schools requested its officials to investigate how to promote eco schools in the future, and more

so to conducted survey research on the changing circumstances of school facilities, the most

recent actual condition of energy consumption, the long-term perspectives of energy

consumption, and so on. The study used survey research, in order to know the changing

circumstances of school facilities, the most recent actual condition of energy consumption, and

the long-term perspectives of energy consumption but on the other hand, we used the deductive

forms of research to know the awareness of the students on the Ecological Solid Waste

Management.

Amado C. Gequinto (2017), Environmental degradation is worsened by the escalating

accretion of solid wastes which have been improperly thrown everywhere. Solid wastes pertain to

all unnecessary wastes coming from households, institutions, farming and industries. Solid wastes

have been the problem of rapidly urbanizing communities, because of improper solid waste

management practices in terms of waste segregation, collection and transport, waste disposal and

recycling. In this wastes are not only came from schools and hospitals but also from different

institutions, households,farming and industries .The behaviors and practices of the people on

proper disposing their waste is not good because they tend to throw it everywhere.

Brawner Brian L. Heyasa et al (2017), Studies elsewhere about SWM strategies and

perception analysis in universities showed improved behaviors and practices, however, depending

on a complex set of social and psychological factors. It is therefore essential that key pillars from

the academe are facilitating in developing SWM strategies. Likewise, students will serve as

linkage between the academe-community networks for SWM. The students are the respondents in

these study, they are the one who contribute for the effectiveness of the proper waste management

and compliance in attaining the cleanliness of the surroundings.

32
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Maria Delia Cristina Valdez et al (2016), In essence, the NSWMS intends to provide a

mechanism to materialize the NSWMF, improve SWM implementation and mainstream cross-

cutting policies and emerging concepts into the Philippine SWM sector in a strategic and well-

coordinated manner. A key element of the strategy allows for a participatory review of the gains

and challenges in SWM more than a decade after the passage of the law, formulation of strategic

issue statements and strategic components, consultations with national and local stakeholders and

prioritization of key initiatives.

Van Ryan Kristopher R. Galarpe (2017), It can be inferred that potential contamination of

disposal sites to environment can manifest in groundwater, soil, air, plants, and scavenging

animals adjacent to the site. Adjacent community can similarly be affected jeopardizing their own

health. Although disposal sites can pose health risk, community tends to continually settle with

present options owing to perceived economics dependence through employment and resources. It

is fundamentals that local government units will consider the economic options, health, and

environment of adjacent communities while pursuing the mandate of RA 9003.

Jose S. Hilario (2014), the responsibility of disseminating green practices cannot be

shouldered by the national government or a single organization alone like the hotel and restaurant

association of the Philippines (HRAP), but the business community, corporate and private

organization and the academia should also resume a more active role in formulating realistic

environmental policies and goals.

Man Tanchuling et al (2016), Majority of the students said that their decision to segregate

will be affected by the trash bin design, thus, providing properly designed trash bins that may aid

in more efficient solid waste management in university can be a good investment. However, it

will only be effective with proper implementation and monitoring and with the compliance of

33
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

students and staff who care to contribute to attaining a clean and green up. In this study, trash bins

design is not the main reason of the students to be more efficient on the proper solid waste

management in the university. Each student must possessed self-disciplined and they must be

aware on maitaining the cleanliness and orderliness of the surroundings.

Marc Patrich R. Sanchez (2017), In university, it is a must for a canteen operators or

concessionaires that there will be proper sanitation in relation to food preparation and handling.

Moreover, good hygiene and safe water are also essential to ensure good health and safe eating of

the customers. Sanitation is very important in order to keep good health. In this study, that having

a proper sanitation in relation to food preparation and proper handling of food is essential to

ensure the health and safetiness of the customers upon eating the food.

Ma. Eleanor Fernandez (2018), People around the globe are hoping for the betterment of

this world. All of us wanted the cleanliness and orderliness of our environment where all the

living things are dependent. Solid waste is one of the biggest problems in today’s generation. It is

a by-product of human activities. In our environment that ruins little by little because of improper

disposal of solid wastes. Some people are unaware of the danger that might cause because of

negligence in disposing our wastes.

Maria Azucena B. Lubrica (2016). The findings implied that the residents varies in their

views on the waste segregation practices being mandated by the local government. The difference

may be attributed to the varied demographic characteristics of the respondents, in terms of civil

status, educational attainment, age, gross monthly income, sex and barangay where the

respondents resides.

Victoria E. Matunog and Anthony L. Awa (2013).The current status of solid wastes in the

area showed that huge amount of biodegradable wastes were generated by the households, Proper

34
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

segregation should be strictly implemented to facilitate proper treatment of wastes. Strict

compliance of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is essential, and the "pay as you generate"

principle would make the public mentally and financially committed to the maintenance of a

clean and healthy environment.

Dana D. Lim (2014). The solid waste management practices of five barangays in Sogod

in conformity with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 were not practiced by

most of the selected respondents. A large number preferred direct dumping like burning and

throwing garbage in the backyard or to an available space without considering the proximity of

the well. Unfortunately, the people in the study are not aware of the effect of the malpracticed of

solid wastes disposed near water sources. They needed an information drive, proper education on

solid waste management, and there should be strict compliance.

Synthesis:

With these findings, the awareness of students therefore plays a very crucial role in

solving the problem regarding improper solid waste management. The lack of awareness leads to

devastating results as well as their lack of application in managing solid waste. But with proper

knowledge, continuous practice and proper implementation, the effect on the environment is

totally beneficial and can lead to the lesser expense in solving the existing problems caused by

improper solid waste management.

35
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, respondents of the study,

sampling technique, and data gathering tools, data gathering procedures and data analysis.

Research Design

This study will use the descriptive-correlational method. This method was use since the

main objective of the study is to determine the level of awareness of respondents on Ecological

Solid Waste Management and its relationship to their profile and their practices in managing solid

waste.

Locale of the Study

This study will focus on the awareness of students in relation to solid waste management.

It is further focused on the Financial Management students of Cagayan State University-Andrews

Campus for the School Year 2018-2019.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the regular Financial Management students of College

of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy for the School Year 2018-2019.

Sampling Technique

The researchers will use the purposive random sampling procedure in order to have an

appropriate proportion of respondents among each year level and to increase the reliability of the

result at 95% confidence level and at 5% margin of error, the required sample size per year level

is shown on the table below:

36
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Sample Size Computation

The number of respondents for the study is computed using the formula below:

𝑧 2 × 𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
𝑛= 𝑒2
2
𝑧 × 𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
1+
𝑒 2𝑁

Where:

n = sample size/number of respondents

N = population size

e = margin of error

Z = z-score

P = sample proportion

Since the proportion between respondents who are aware and not aware on Ecological

Solid Waste Management is unknown, the sample proportion is estimated to 50%. Using a 95%

confidence interval, a 5% margin of error was also used.

Sampling Distribution

A purposive random sampling technique was used to identify the number of respondents

allotted to each of the year levels. This technique was used to have a sample distribution

proportional to the distribution of the population. The formula below was used to compute the

number of sample:

𝑁𝑖
𝑛𝑖 = ×𝑛
𝑁

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Where:

𝑛𝑖 = sample size 𝑁𝑖 = population size

𝑁 = total population size 𝑛 = desired population size

Data Gathering Tool

Year Population % of Distribution Sample size

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

1st 14 81 95 3.81% 22.08% 25.89% 7 42 49

2nd 3 2 5 0.82% 0.54% 1.36% 2 1 3

3rd 53 51 104 14.44% 13.90% 28.34% 27 26 53

4th 40 123 163 10.90% 33.51% 44.41% 20 63 83

Grand 110 257 367 29.97 70.03 100.00% 56 132 188

Total % %

The instrument that will be used in gathering pertinent data and information for the study

was formulated on the basis of questionnaire, which consists of three parts:

PART I Personal Profile of the Respondents

PART II Level of Awareness of respondents on Ecological Solid Waste Management

PART III Solid Waste Management Practices of Respondents

38
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Data Gathering Procedures

Prior to floating of questionnaires, the researchers will ask permission from the dean of

the College. Upon approval, the researchers will pretest the questionnaire before personally

floating the questionnaire to the respondents. Retrieval of the questionnaire will be done after the

respondents filled-out the necessary information. Results will be tallied, summarized and

analyzed with the help of the research adviser and the statistician.

Data Analysis

The following tools will be used to analyze the collected and presented data:

 Frequency and percentage distribution will be used to present distribution of respondents

according to their profile. The formula for percentage is presented below:

P = f/n x 100

Where:

P = Percentage n = number of respondents

f = frequency 100 = Constant Value

 The weighted mean will be used to determine the level of awareness of respondents on

Ecological Solid Waste Management and their practices in managing solid waste. the formula

for the weighted mean is shown below:

∑(𝑓 × 𝑤)
𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓

Where:

𝑥̅ = weighted mean

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

w = weight in each scale

f = frequency in each scale

The computed weighted mean will be interpreted using the scale below:

Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation

5 4.20-5.00 Complete Aware Always

4 3.40-4.19 Aware Often

3 2.60-3.39 Slightly Aware Sometimes

2 1.80-2.59 Slightly Not Aware Rarely

1 1.00-1.79 Completely Not Aware Never

 The Chi-square test will be used to test the relationship between the profile of the respondents

and the level of their awareness on Ecological Solid Waste Management and relationship

between the level of awareness of respondents in Ecological solid waste management and on

how they manage solid waste.

40
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

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CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

F.A Samuil Islam (2016), Solid Waste Management System in Dhaka City of
Bangladesh
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42
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

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Management in Developing Countries—A Critical Review
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among College Students in Mindanao State University Maigo School of Arts and Trades
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Solid Waste Management Strategy 2012-2016.
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behavior in the University of the Philippines Diliman.
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Concessionaries: a self avaluation survey
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management.
Nassereldeen A. Kabbashi et al (2016), Solid Waste Management in Africa: A Review
Nicole Raz (2016), Nevada has a trash problem — but in reverse
Ogbiten B. Ogbemi et al (2017), Urban solid waste management: The role of strategic
management.
Oliver T. Baccay (2013), EMB orients barangay officials on solid waste management.
Offira Gabbay (2013), Solid waste management in African cities: Sorting the facts
from the fads in Acora, Ghana.
Paula De Castro (2017), Youth involvement is San Fernando's secret in achieving
zero waste
Pia Ranada (2014), Garbage law impossible to implement? Look at San Fernando.
Pereira dos Reis (2017), Analysis of solid waste management and improvement
proposal: a case study in carpentry of Cariacica-ES.
Paul H. Brunner et al (2014), Assesment method for solid waste management.
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ruminants associated with inappropriate solid waste disposal in Gondar town, North West
Ethiopia.
Shashank Chaudhary et al (2014), Solid Waste Management: Its Sources, Collection,
Transportation and Recycling.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Samantha Boh (2016), NEA to rope in schools in fight against food waste.
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Bangladesh.
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for sustainable development at elementary school
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sustainable development at elementary schools in Vietnam
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with emphasis on India: challenges and opportunities.
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in Mpumalanga,South Africa
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recycling program in an elementary school.
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sites in the Philippines.
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and future challenges of source separation and recycling practice in Malaysia.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix A
Part I. Personal Profile
Name (Optional):__________________________________________
Sex: Male Female
Year Level: 1st year 2nd Year 3rd year 4th year
Religion:
Part II: Level of awareness in the Ecological Solid Waste Management
Please put a check on the number that best describes your level of awareness on Ecological Solid
Waste Management on the table. Refer to the scale below for your answer:
5- Completely Aware 4- Aware 3- Slightly Aware 2- Slightly Not Aware 1-
Completely Not Aware

Ecological Solid Waste Management 5 4 3 2 1

1. Segregation of solid waste. (Biodegradable, Non-biodegradable, Recyclable, etc.)

2. Ways to recycle solid waste and turns into useful materials.

3. Policies regarding solid waste management in public areas e.g. fines and
penalties for violation.

4. Proper disposal of hazardous solid wastes.

5. Avoidance of combustion (burning of solid waste).

6. Ways to reuse possible wastes that can be recovered.

7. Proper use of trash bins.

8. Having compost pits and compost piles in houses.

9. Garbage truck collection around residential areas.

10. Accumulate possible solid waste that can be sold.

11. Open dump for disposal area wherein solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown.

12. Ways to manage agricultural waste generated from planting or harvesting crops,
trimming or pruning of plants.

13. Management of bulky waste which can’t be appropriately placed in separate

containers because of their bulky size.

45
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

14. Disposal of wastes which refers to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling,
leaking or placing of any solid waste into or in land.

15. Waste diversion.

Part III: Solid Waste Management Practices

Please put a check on the number that best describes your solid waste management
practices on listed on the table. Refer to the scale below for your answer:

5- Always 4- Often 3- Sometimes 2- Rarely 1- Never

Solid Waste Management Practices 5 4 3 2 1

1. Do you throw solid waste materials properly?

2. Do you segregate your solid waste materials in your houses? (Biodegradable, Non-
biodegradable, Recyclable, etc.)

3. Do you recycle possible wastes to be recovered?

4. Do you properly dispose hazardous solid wastes?

5. Do you properly use trash bins most especially in public areas?

6. Do you follow policies and regulations regarding solid waste disposal?

7. Do you participate in local programs on segregation and recycling?

8. Do you accumulate possible solid waste that can be sold for revenue?

9. Do you use a separate container for your kitchen waste and food leftovers?

10. Do you regularly leave your solid wastes for garbage truck collection around residential
areas?

11. Do you prefer throwing your solid waste in your compost piles or compost pits rather
than combusting?

12. Do you use separate pits or piles for bulky wastes?

13. Do you use strategies to reduce the volume of your solid waste?

14. Do you apply ways to manage agricultural waste generated from planting or harvesting
crops, trimming or pruning of plants?

15. Do you use innovative strategies in managing your personal solid wastes?

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix B
November 26, 2018

ANTONIA JOSEFA A. TAGUINOD, MBM

College Dean
College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Madam:

We, the students of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial

Management of the college, will conduct a study entitled: “Students’ Level of
Awareness and their Practices on the Ecological Solid Waste Management (RA
9003)” in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research subject.

In this connection, we would like to ask permission from your college to conduct our
study and float questionnaires to every Financial Management student.

We are hoping for your kind consideration. Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

VENER MIGUEL CHRISTINE JOY YADAN SHERYL BANAN

DEANNE KELLY MARUZZO JOSHUA TELAN ROMINA BALISI

Noted by: Approved By:

CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA ANTONIA JOSEFA A. TAGUINOD, MBM

Research Professor College Dean

47
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix C
November 26, 2018

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT STUDENTS

College of Business Enterpreneurship and Accountancy
Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Respondents:

We, the students of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial

Management of thecollege, will conduct a study entitled: “Students’ Level of
Awareness and their Practices on the Ecological Solid Waste Management (RA
9003)”. This study will give us appropriate information about your level of awareness
and practices regarding ecological solid waste management.
In this regard, we request to ask your consent to be one of our respondents in the study.
The information that you will provide will be treated with privacy and will not be used
outside the scope of our study.
We deeply appreciate your participation. Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

VENER MIGUEL CHRISTINE JOY YADAN SHERYL BANAN

DEANNE KELLY MARUZZO JOSHUA TELAN ROMINA BALISI

Noted by: Approved By:

CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA ANTONIA JOSEFA A. TAGUINOD, MBM

Research Professor College Dean

48
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix D
November 26, 2018

ABRAHAM BANGAYAN
University Registrar
Cagayan State University – Andrews Campus

Sir:
A blessed day!
We, the 3rd Year Financial Management students, are conducting a study entitled
“Students’ Level of Awareness and their Practices on the Ecological Solid Waste
Management (RA 9003)” as a partial requirement for the subject Methods of Research.
May we request that we shall be furnished a copy of the total population of the Financial
Management students as well as the number of its population each year?
We are hoping for your kind consideration. Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully yours,

VENER MIGUEL CHRISTINE JOY YADAN SHERYL BANAN

DEANNE KELLY MARUZZO JOSHUA TELAN ROMINA BALISI

Noted by: Approved By:

CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA ANTONIA JOSEFA A. TAGUINOD, MBM

Research Professor College Dean

49
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix E
Research Critic Teacher Acceptance Form

Date: January 15, 2019

Antonia Josefa A. Taguinod, MBM

College Dean

Madam:

This is to inform you that I have agreed to be the Research Critic Teacher of Vener
Miguel, Deanne Kelly Maruzzo, Cristine Joy Yadan, Sheryl Banan, Joshua Telan and
Romina Balisi, who is presently working on a Research entitled, “STUDENTS’ LEVEL
OF AWARENESS AND THEIR PRACTICES ON THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT (RA 9003)”.

Christopher B. Cauan, MSDC

Critic Teacher’s Signature Overprinted Name

50
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix F

Research Statistician Acceptance Form

Date: January 15, 2019

Antonia Josefa A. Taguinod, MBM

College Dean

Madam:

This is to inform you that I have agreed to be the Research Statistician of Vener
Miguel, Deanne Kelly Maruzzo, Cristine Joy Yadan, Sheryl Banan, Joshua Telan and
Romina Balisi, who is presently working on a Research entitled, “STUDENTS’ LEVEL
OF AWARENESS AND THEIR PRACTICES ON THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT (RA 9003)”.

Mark Anthony Soriano, MST

Statistician’s Signature Overprinted Name

51
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Appendix G

Research Adviser Acceptance Form

Date: January 15, 2019

Antonia Josefa A. Taguinod, MBM

College Dean

Madam:

This is to inform you that I have agreed to be the Research Adviser of Vener
Miguel, Deanne Kelly Maruzzo, Cristine Joy Yadan, Sheryl Banan, Joshua Telan and
Romina Balisi, who is presently working on a Research entitled, “STUDENTS’ LEVEL
OF AWARENESS AND THEIR PRACTICES ON THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT (RA 9003)”.

Phebe Deane Lacambra, CPA

Adviser’s Signature Overprinted Name

52
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Vener Telan Miguel

Address : Purok 5, Cabbo, Peňablanca, Cagayan

Age : 19

Birthdate : April 11, 1999

Birthplace : Tondo, Manila

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS

Elementary : Cabbo Elementary School

Secondary : Cabbo National High School

Tertiary : Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major : Financial Management

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Joshua Lopez Telan

Address : Cabbo, Peňablanca, Cagayan

Age : 19

Birthdate : February 16, 1999

53
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Birthplace : Fely, Maconacon, Isabela

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS

Elementary : Cabbo Elementary School

Secondary : Cabbo National High School

Tertiary : Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major : Financial Management

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Christine Joy Suyu Yadan

Address : Centro, Peňablanca, Cagayan

Age : 20

Birthdate : June 3, 1998

Birthplace : Centro, Peňablanca, Cagayan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS

Elementary : Peňablanca West Central School

Secondary : Peňablanca National High School

Tertiary : Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

54
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Course : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major : Financial Management

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Sheryl Dulin Banan

Address : Centro, Peňablanca, Cagayan

Age : 23

Birthdate : March 5, 1995

Birthplace : Centro, Peňablanca, Cagayan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS

Elementary : Peňablanca West Central School

Secondary : Peňablanca National High School

Tertiary : Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major : Financial Management

55
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Deanne Kelly S. Maruzzo

Address : #214 Prov. Road Buntun Tuguegarao City

Age : 21

Birthdate : October 24, 1997

Birthplace : Tuguegarao City

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS

Elementary : Tuguegarao East Central School

Secondary : Cagayan National High School

Tertiary : Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major : Financial Management

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Romina Mae Balisi

Address : Centro 1, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Age : 20

Birthdate : November 17, 1998

Birthplace : Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

56
 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business, Entrepreneurship and Accountancy
Andrews Campus
Caritan, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS

Elementary : Tuguegarao East Central School

Secondary : Cagayan National High School

Tertiary : Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major : Financial Management

57