Statistics and Probability Theory

Solution Assignment 4
1. Which of the following is a true statement about the binomial probability distribution?
a. The probability of a success must be constant from one trial to the next
trial.
b. The random variable of interest is continuous.
c. Each outcome can be classified as either a success, a failure, or a neutral
outcome.
d. Each outcome is dependent on previous trials.
2. If one needs to calculate the likelihood of the number of arrivals of delivery trucks per
hour at a loading station, the appropriate probability distribution is the
a. hypergeometric distribution.
b. binomial distribution
c. poisson distribution
d. geometric distribution
3. When sampling without replacement from a finite population such that the outcome of
one observation is dependent on the outcomes of the previous observations, which
distribution applies?
a. hypergeometric distribution.
b. binomial distribution
c. poisson distribution
d. geometric distribution
4. In which of the following distributions is the probability of a success usually small?
a. hypergeometric distribution.
b. binomial distribution
c. poisson distribution
d. All distributions

5. The probability is p = 0.80 that a patient with a certain disease will be successfully
treated with a new medical treatment. Suppose that the treatment is used on 40
patients. What is the "expected value" of the number of patients who are successfully
treated?

a. 40
b. 20
c. 8
d. 32 E ( X )    np  40 * 0.80  32
6. Suppose you buy a lottery ticket. You can either win dollar (with probability P ) or
win nothing (with probability q ). The amount you win is a random variable X and it
has a:
a. binomial distribution
b. hypergeometric distribution
c. normal distribution
d. Bernoulli distribution
7. Twenty five items are sampled. Each of these has the same probability of being
defective. The probability that exactly 2 of the 25 are defective could best be found
by _______.
a. using the normal distribution
 b. using the binomial distribution
c. using the Poisson distribution
d. using the geometric distribution

8. If the outcomes of a discrete random variable follow a Poisson distribution, then their:
a. mean equals the standard deviation.
b. mean equals the variance of that discrete random variable.
c. median equals the standard deviation.
d. median equals the variance.
9. If X has geometric distribution, then the possible values of X are
a. 0, 1, 2, … , n.
b. 1, 2, … , n.
c. 1, 2, … , 
d. 0,1, 2, … ,  (for Poisson)
10. A fair die is rolled nine times. What is the probability that an odd number (1,3 or 5)
will occur less than 3 times?
3 1
a) 0.0899 b( x; n  9, p    0.5)
6 2
you have to find the probability P( X  3)  P( X  2)  F (2) From binomial
distribution table P( X  3)  0.0899
b) 0.2544
c) 0.7456
d) 0.9101
11. The mean of the binomial distribution is greater than its variance. (T)
12. For a binomial distribution f ( x)10C x 0.5 0.5 x = 1,2,…,10, the mean value is:
x 10 x

a. 4
b. 5
c. 10
d. 15
13. For a binomial distribution f ( x)10C x 0.5 0.5 x = 1,2,…,10, the standard
x 10 x

deviation is:
a. 2.5
b. 2.5  2  npq  10 * 0.5 * 0.5  2.5
c. 2
d. 2
14. For a binomial distribution, the relationship between its mean  and variance  2 is:
a.    2
b.    2
c.    2
d. none of those
15. The standard deviation of binomial distribution depends on
a. probability of success
b. probability of failure
c. number of trials
d. all of these
 16. If X ~ B( 10, 0.5) , then P[X  0 ] is
a. 0.1 b. 0.5 c. 1

17. If X ~ B( 10, 0.5) , then P[X  1 ] is 1  P( X  1)  1  P( X  0)  1  P( X  0)

18. If X ~h (x; 10, 4, 5) then P X  x 

 5  5   5  5  10  5 
        
 x  4  x   x  5  x   x  4  x 
a. b. c.
10  10  10 
     
4 5 4
19. If X has geometric distribution, then the possible values of X are
e. 0, 1, 2, … , n.
f. 1, 2, … , n.
g. 1, 2, … , 
20. If X ~h (x; 10, 4, 5) then E ( X ) is equal to
k 5
a. 2 E ( X )    n  4 *  2
N 10
b. 8
c. 12.5
21. The difference between a random variable and a probability distribution is
a. A random variable does not include the probability of an event.
b. A random variable can only assume whole numbers.
c. A probability distribution can only assume whole numbers.
22. Which of the following is not a requirement of a binomial distribution?
a. A constant probability of success.
b. Only two possible outcomes.
c. A fixed number of trials.
d. Equally likely outcomes.
23. The mean and the variance are equal in
a. All probability distributions.
b. The binomial distribution.
c. The Poisson distribution.
d. The hypergeometric distribution.
24. For a binomial distribution
a. n must assume a number between 1 and 20 or 25.
b. p must be a multiple of .10.
c. there must be at least 3 possible outcomes.
d. None of the above.
25. Which of the following is a major difference between the binomial and the
hypergeometric distributions?
a. The sum of the outcomes can be greater than 1 for the hypergeometric.
b. The probability of a success changes in the hypergeometric distribution.
c. The number of trials changes in the hypergeometric distribution.
d. The outcomes cannot be whole numbers in the hypergeometric distribution.
26. In a continuous probability distribution
a. Only certain outcomes are possible.
 b. All the values within a certain range are possible.
c. The sum of the outcomes is greater than 1.00.
d. None of the above.
a. .
27. The expected value of the random variable
a. Will also be the most likely value of the random variable.
b. Is another term for the mean value.
c. Is also called the variance.
d. Cannot be greater than 1.

28. In any binomial probability experiment, independent trials mean that the result of one
trial does not affect the probability of success of any other trial in the experiment. T
29. If a random variable z is the standard normal score, then the standard deviation of the
distribution is 1. T
30. Every binomial distribution may be approximated reasonably by an
appropriate normal distribution T
31. Which of the following is a characteristic of a binomial probability experiment?
a. Each trial has at least two possible outcomes
b. P(success) = P(failure)
c. The binomial random variable x is the count of the number of trials that occur
d. The result of one trial does not affect the probability of success on any
other trial
32. If the random variable z is the standard normal score, which of the following
probabilities could easily be determined without referring to a table?
a. P(z > 2.86)
b. P(z < 0)=0.5
c. P(z < - 1.82)
d. P(z> -0/5)
33. In which of the following binomial distributions is the normal approximation
appropriate?
a. n = 50, p = 0.01
b. n = 500, p = 0.001
c. n = 100, p = 0.05
d. n = 50, p = 0.02

34. In the textile industry, a manufacturer is interested in the number of blemishes or

flaws occurring in each 100 feet of material. The probability distribution that has the
greatest chance of applying to this situation is the
a. normal distribution
b. binomial distribution
c. Poisson distribution
d. uniform distribution
35. Which of the following is not a property of a binomial experiment?
a. the experiment consists of a sequence of n identical trials
b. each outcome can be referred to as a success or a failure
c. the probabilities of the two outcomes can change from one trial to the next
d. the trials are independent

36. Suppose you independently flip a coin times and the outcome of each toss can be
either head (with probability ) or tails (also with probability ). Denote by the number
of times the outcome is tails (out of the tosses). The random variable has a:
a. Bernoulli distribution
b. Poisson distribution
c. binomial distribution
d. exponential distribution

37. Suppose you independently play a game 9 times. Each time you play, the probability
of winning is 0.6. Let X denote the number of games you win (out of the games you
play). Then the probability mass function of X is given by
9
b( x; n  9, p  0.6)   (0.6) x (0.4) 9 x
 x

38. The sum of the cross-products between values of “X” at their respective probabilities,
P(X), is equal to the Expected value of random variable X
39. Twenty five items are sampled. Each of these has the same probability of being
defective. The probability that exactly 2 of the 25 are defective could best be found
 25 
by b(2; n  25, p)   ( P) x (q) 252
2
40. For the density curve shown, what is the mean

a. 0.25
b. 0.50
c. 0.75
d. None of the above
41. A normal density curve has which of the following properties?
a. It is symmetric
b. It has a peak centered above its mean
c. The spread of the curve is proportional to its standard deviation
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
42. The area under the standard normal curve corresponding to -0.3 < z < 1.6 is
a. 0.3273
b. 0.4713
c. 0.5631 (0.9452-0.3821)
d. 0.9542
e. None of the above
43. For normally distributed population, fill in the blanks. (Done in class
a. 95% of the observations lie within 1.96 standard deviations on either side of the mean
b. (0.9495-0.0505)*100=0.899=89.9% of the observations lie within 1.64 standard
deviations on either side of the mean

44. Under what conditions do the binomial and Poisson distributions give approximately
the same results?
a. When p and q are equal
b. When p is small and n is small
c. When p and q are equal and n is small
d. When p is small and n is large

 7! 
45. If p = 0.4 for a particular Bernoulli process, the calculation  0.4 0.6
3 4

 3!4! 
a. Exactly three successes in seven trails.
b. Exactly four successes in seven trails.
c. Three or more successes in seven trials
d. Four or more successes in seven trails.
e. None of these
46. Supoose we have a Poisson distribution with   2 . Then the probability of having
exactly 10 occurances is
2 10 e10
a.
10!
10 2
2 e
b.
2!
10 2
2 e
c.
10!

47. If f X (x) is the pmf of a discrete random variable X, with mass points 0, 1, 2
10
,……….10, then  f X ( x)  1
x 0

48. If X ~ B(10, 0.6), then P[X  0 ]= 1

49. The area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = -1.42 is 0.0778
50. If X ~ N(10, 16), then P[X  10 ]=0.5
52  40
51. If X ~ N(40, 64), then the standardized value of X=52 is z   1.5
64
52. If X ~ Negative Binomial k  3, p  0.4 , then PX  3  0
53. If X ~ Negative Binomial k  3, p  0.4 , then PX  3  1

 5
54. If X ~ Geometric  p   , then VarX   2 
q 1/ 6 6

 6 p 25 / 36 25
55. If X ~ Negative Binomial k  2, p  0.4 , then PX  2 
 x  1 k x k  2  1
  p  q    0.42 (0.6) 22  (0.4) 2
 k  1  2  1

56. The expected value of a constant is zero. (False)

57. If E[X] = 4, then E[3X-5] = 7. (T)
58. Var [2X+3] = 2Var [X]. (False)
59. In a binomial distribution, the mean is greater than the variance. (T)
60. If X ~ Poisson   2 , then PX  0  1 . (T)

61. If f X (x) is the p.d.f of a continuous random variable X, then f

X ( x)dx  1 (T)

62. The total area under the density curve of a continuous random variable is 1. (T)

63. The life time of a bulb is an example of a discrete variable. (False)

64. In a symmetric distribution, 68% of the values fall between x  2s and x  2s . (False)
65. The life of a CD is an example of a discrete variable. (False)

66. The variance of a data set remains the same if each value is multiplied by a constant.
(False)
67. In any distribution, symmetric or not, at least 8/9 of the observations fall in the
interval  3 . (T)
68. The expected value of a constant is zero. (False) (constant)
69. The variance of a sample remains the same if a constant is added to each value in the
sample. (T)
70. In any distribution, symmetric or not, at least 8/9 of the observations fall in the
interval   3 . (T)
71. The variance of a data set remains the same if each value is multiplied by a constant.
(False)
72. If 5 is added to each value in a data set then the variance of the data set is increased by
5. (False)
73. If 5 is added to each value in a data set then the mean(expected value) of the data set
is increased by 5. (True)
74. Events that cannot happen together are called mutually exclusive events.
75. Are the following paired events, receiving a final grade of A and receiving a final
grade of B in your statistics course, mutually exclusive? (Yes )
76. Are the following paired events, obtaining a masters degree and obtaining a doctorate
, mutually exclusive? ( No)
77. Are the following paired events, observing a total of 10 and observing a total of 8 in
one toss of a pair of dice, mutually exclusive? (Yes )
78. The set of all possible outcomes of random experiment is known as sample space
79. The right and left tails of the normal distribution extend indefinitely, never touching
the horizontal axis. (T)
80. For normal distribution, the mean always lies between the mode and the median.
(False) (all are equal)
81. The area under the curve of a normal distribution between the mean and 1.8 standard
deviations above the mean is greater for a distribution for a distribution having a mean
of 100 than it is for a distribution having mean of 0. (False) (remain same)
82. When the probability of success in a Bernoulli process is p, the value of q is
calculated as q = 1 – p.(True)
83. The height of adult humans can describe by a Poisson distribution. (False)(it is a
continuous)
84. If P ( X  1) = 0.3 and P( X  0) = 0.15 then P ( X  1) is equal to.
 a. 0.15 b. 0.45 c. 0.35 d. 1
85. Which of the following are the required conditions for the distribution of a discrete
random variable X that can assume values xi
a. 0  P( xi )  1 for all xi
b.  P( xi )  1
c. Both a and b are required conditions
d. Only a is required condition
86. Pulse rates of adult men are approximately normal with a mean of 70 and a standard
deviation of 8. Which choice correctly describes how to find the proportion of men
78  70
that have a pulse rate greater than 78? z  1
8
a. Find the area to the left of z = 1 under a standard normal curve.
b. Find the area between z = -1 and z = 1 under a standard normal curve.
c. Find the area to the right of z =1 under a standard normal curve.
d. Find the area to the right of z = -1 under a standard normal curve.

87. Poisson distribution focuses on the number of discrete occurrences _______.

a. in "n" trials
b. over some interval or continuum
c. in "n" trials where sampling is done without replacement
d. in a Bernoulli trial

88. If X is a binomial random with n = 8 and p = 0.6, what is the probability that X is less
than 3 is using table 0.0498
89. The length of baseball game is normally distributed with mean 2.45 hours. Using the
empirical rule, about 95% of baseball games take between 1.71 and 3.19 hours to
play. The standard deviation is

P( X  1.71)  0.025
P( Z  k )  0.025, k  1.96
x
Z

1.71  2.45
 1.96 

  0.377
a. 0.74 b. 2.74 c. – 0.74 d. 0
90. The payoff (X) for a lottery game has the following probability distribution.
X=
$0 $5
payoff
f(x) 0.8 0.2
What is the expected value of X= payoff? (0 * 0.8)  (5 * 0.2)  1
a. $0 b. $0.50 c. $1.00 d. $2.50
91. The number of defective parts in a lot of 25 parts is an example of Binomial random
variable.
92. A Bernoulli process has exactly TWO possible outcomes.
93. Suppose a committee of 3 people is to be selected from a group consisting of 4 men
and 5 women. To find the probability that one man is selected, the value of N =
(𝟒𝑪𝟏)(𝟓𝑪𝟐)
4+5=9, n = 3 and k = 4 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟏) = 𝟗𝑪𝟑
94. Suppose that vehicle speeds at an interstate location have a normal distribution with a
mean equal to 70 mph and standard deviation equal to 8 mph. The z-score for a speed
64  70
of 64 mph is equal to z   0.75
8
95. The Poisson distribution is being used to approximate a binomial distribution. If n =
100 and p = 0.06, the value of mean would be   np  100 * 0.06  6
96. If a random variable z is the standard normal score, then the standard deviation of the
distribution is equal to 1.
97. The probability distribution of a statistic is called
a. Population distribution b. Frequency distribution
C. Sampling distribution d. Sample distribution

98. If ŷ is the predicted value for a given x- value and a is the y-intercept value then the
equation for the regression line for an independent variable x and dependent variable y
is
a. yˆ  a  bx, where b  slope b. xˆ  a  by, where b  slope
C. x  yˆ  ab, where b  slope d. x  yˆ  ab, where b  slope
0.135
0.1351
99. For the Poisson distribution P X  
e
the mean value is
1!
a. 1 b. e 0.135 C. 0.135 d. 5
100. A negative value for a correlation indicates .
a. decreases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y
b. a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were positive
c. decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y
d. a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were positive

101. The regression equation for predicting number of speeding tickets (Y) from
ˆ
information about driver age (X) is Y  5.57  0.065 X . How many tickets would you
predict for a twenty-year-old? = 5.57 − (0.065 ∗ 20)
a. 110.1 b. 4.27 c. 5.57 d. -0.065
102. The probability density function of a gamma distribution with   2 and
  1 is
x x
x

2
x 2 x 1 2
a. xe b. xe c. e d. e
2 2
103. If X random variable has negative binomial distribution i.e. X ~ Negative
Binomial k  2, p  0.4 then PX  2 
 2  2
a.  0.4 0.6 b.  0.6 0.4 c. 0.4  0.6  d. 0.4 
2 1 2 1 2 1 2

 
1  
1
104. If X has density function 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝐾𝑥 + 10 for 0 < 𝑥 < 1 , then the value
𝟏 𝟏
of k is equal to -18 (∫𝟎 𝑲𝑿 𝒅𝒙 + ∫𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏)
105. The random variable z is the standard normal score, which of the following
probabilities could easily be determined without referring to a table?
 a. P(z > 2.86) b. P(z < 0) c. P(z < - 1.82) d. P(z > -0.5)
106. The mean of the exponential distribution with
2 x
density function f X ( x)  2e , ( x  0), is ___2_
107. If β become one in gamma distribution then the resulted distribution is
exponential.(True)
108. In gamma distribution the parameter β is basically average happening of any
thing.(False)