Matrices & Determinants Sankalp sheets

Types of matrices [singleton, row, column, square,zero, upper and lower triangular, diagonal, scalar,
unit matrix. Trace of a matrix. Algebraic oprerations on matrices [Equality, Addition, subtraction of two
matrices. multiplication by scalar. conformal matrices & multiplication of two matrices. transpose of
matrices.
Level-1
1. If X and Y two matrices are such that
LM 3 2OP and X + Y = L 1 2O then find the Y matrix.
X –Y =
N1 0Q MN3 4 PQ
LM 1 3OP LM1 2OP
2. If A = MM3 2PP and B = MM 0 5 PP and A + B – D = 0 (zero matrix) , then find the D matrix.
N2 5 Q N3 1Q
3. Form the matrix A = [aij] of order 2 × 3 whose elements are such that aij = i + j.

 sin  1/ 2  1/ 2 sin  

    
4. Let A =  1/ 2 cos  & B =  cos  cos  . Find  so that A = B. [Ans:  = (2n + 1)  – ]
 cos  tan    cos  4
1 
   

5. If A and B are two square matrices of same order such that AB = A + B, then prove that A and B commute

LM2 3 1OP LM x OP
6. If [1 x 2] M0 4 2 PP MM 1 PP = 0, then the find the value of x.
MN0 3 2Q N1Q

L 2 1OP
If A = M and B = M
L4 1OP then find B A .
N7 4 Q N7 2Q
7. T T

8. A and B are two given matrices such that the order of A is 3×4 , if A B and BA are both
defined then find order of BA.

 cos 2  sin  cos    cos 2  sin  cos  

9. If A =   ; B =  
 sin  cos  sin 2    sin  cos  sin 2  
are such that, AB is a null matrix, then which of the following
 ( – or ( +  )

should necessarily be an odd integral multiple of .
2
1 2 0  2  1 5
10. Let A + 2B =  6  3 3 and 2A – B =  2  1 6
  5 3 1 0 1 2
then find Tr (A) – Tr (B).

 1    1  1  1
11. A is a 2 × 2 matrix such that A  1 =  2  and A2  1 = 0 . Find the sum of the elements of A.
       

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Level-2
1. f(x) is a quadratic expression such that
a 2 a 1  f (0 )  2a  1
 2     
b b 1  f (1)  = 2b  1 for three unequal numbers a, b, c. Find f(x).
c 2 c 1 f ( 1) 2c  1
 

2. If A and B are square matrices of order n, then prove that A and B will cummmute if and only if A - I and
b –I commute for every scalar .

3. Prove that the product of the two matrices

 cos2  cos  sin    cos2  cos  sin  

  and  
cos  sin  sin2   cos  sin  sin2  

is a zero matrix when  and  differ by an odd multiple of /2.

a b
4. If A =  c d  then prove that value of f and g satisfying the maxtrix equation A2 + f A + g I = O are equal
 
to – t r (A) and determinant of A respectively. Given a, b, c, d are non zero reals and
1 0 0 0
I = 0 1 ; O = 0 0 .
   

 2 1  3 4  3  4
5. Let three matrices A =  4 1 ; B = 2 3 and C =   2 3  then find the value of the sum
     

 ABC   A ( BC) 2   A ( BC) 3 

tr(A) + tr  
 +t     + ....... + 
4  + tr  8 
 2  r   
n
 a ii
6. If A = [ai j ]n × n, where ai j = i100 + j100, then find Lim
n
i 1 .
101
n

 1 3 5
7. Given the matrix A =  1  3  5 and X be the solution set of the equation Ax = A,
  1 3 5 
 x3 1 
where x  N – {1}. Evaluate   3  where the continued product extends  x  X.
 x 1 

3x 2   ( x  2) 2 5x 2 2x 
   2 
8. Let A =  1  , B = [a b c] and C =  5x 2x ( x  2) 2  be three given matrices,
 6 x   2x ( x  2) 2 5x 2 
 
where a, b, c and x R, Given that tr·(AB) = tr·(C) x R, where tr·(A) denotes trace of A. Find the
value of (a + b + c).

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1 1 1
 2 3 1 0 1
9. (a) Given A =  2 4 1 , B = 3 4 . Find P such that BPA = 0 1 0
 2 3 1    

3 2   2 4 
(b) Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation, 2 1 . A . 5 3 =  3 1 .
3 2

10. The set of natural numbers is divided into arrays of rows and columns in the form of matrices as
6 7 8
 2 3  9 10 11 
A1 = (1), A2 =   ,A =   .................... so on.
 4 5 3 12 13 14
 
Find the value of Tr (A10).

[Note : Tr(A) denotes trace of A.]

Answers
Level-1

L1 2O LM0 1 OP LM2 3 4 OP

1. M 2 2 P

2. M3 7P
N Q MN5 6 PQ
3.
N3 4 5Q
4.  = (2n + 1) –
4
6. – 1

LM 1 0OP
7.
N0 1Q 8. 4 × 4 9. ( –   

Level-2
3 2 1 2 3
1. f(x) = x + x. 4. f = – (a + d) ; g = ad – bc 5. 6 6. 7.
2 2 101 2
  4 7  7 1  48  25
8. 7 9. (a)   (b) 10. 3355
 3 5 5  19 70 42 

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Some special type of matrices [symmetric and skew-symmetric, orthogonal matrices, Idempotent
matrices, Involutory matries, periodic matrices, Nilpotent matrices]
Level-1

 4 2  3
 1 3  6
1. Express A as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix, where A =  .
  5 0  7 

 1 2 2 
1 
2 1 2 
Verify that A = 3  is an orthogonal matrix.
 2 2 1
 

LM1 7OP , then find the skew- symmetric part of A.

3. If A =
N 2 3Q
LM1 2 2 OP
If k M 2 1 2 P is an orthogonal matrix then find the value of k.
4.
MN 2 2 1PQ
5. If B is an idempotent matrix, show that A = I – B is also idempotent and that AB = BA = 0

6. A skew symmetric magrix satisfied the condition S2 + I = 0 then show that SST = I

7. If B is an idempotent matrix, show that A = I – B is also idempotent and that AB = BA = 0

8. Show that a square matrix A is involutory, iff (I – A) (I + A) = 0

9. Let A be the set of all 3 × 3 skew symmetric matrices whose entries are either –1, 0 or 1. If there are exactly
three 0's, three 1's and three (–1)'s, then find the the number of such matrices.

1 1 3
10. Show that the matrix  5 2 6  is a nilpotent matrix of index 3.

 2 1 3

Level-2
0 2b c 
 
a b c 
1. Find the value of a, b, c when  is orthogonal.
a b c 
a b 
2. If  c 1  a  is an idempotent matrix. Find the value of f(a), where f(x) = x– x2, when bc = 1/4. Hence
 
otherwise evaluate a.
1 1
3. If the matrix A is involutary, show that (I + A) and (I – A) are idempotent and
2 2
1 1
(I + A)· (I – A)=O.
2 2
1 0
4. Show that the matrix A = 2 1 can be decomposed as a sum of a unit and a nilpotent marix. Hence
 
2007
1 0
evaluate the matrix  2 1 .
 

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 3 a  1  d 3 a 
5. A=  2 5 c  is Symmetric and B =  b  a e  2 b  c  is Skew Symmetric, then find AB.
b 8 2   2 6  f 
  
Is AB a symmetric, Skew Symmetric or neither of them. Justify your answer.
1 2 5 
6. Express the matrix  2 3 6 as a sum of a lower triangular matrix & an upper triangular matrix with zero in
 1 0 4 
its leading diagonal. Also Express the matrix as a sum of a symmetric & a skew symmetric matrix.
7. A is a square matrix of order n.
l = maximum number of distinct entries if A is a triangular matrix
m = maximum number of distinct entries if A is a diagonal matrix
p = minimum number of zeroes if A is a triangular matrix
If l + 5 = p + 2m, find the order of the matrix.
8. If A is an idempotent non zero matrix and I is an identity matrix of the same order, find the value of n,
n  N, such that ( A + I )n = I + 127 A.
3  4 a b
9. APT
Consider the matrices A = 1  1  and B = 0 1 and let P be any orthogonal matrix and Q = PAP
   
and R = PTQKP also S = PBPT and T = PTSKP.
Match the entries in column-I & II where each entry in column I matches to exactly one entry in
column-II
Column I Column II
(A) If we vary K from 1 to n then the first row (P) G.P. with common ratio a
first column elements of R will form
(B) If we vary K from 1 to n then the 2nd row 2nd (Q) A.P. with common difference 2
column elements of R will form
(C) If we vary K from 1 to n then the first row first (R) G.P. with common ratio b
column elements of T will form
(D) If we vary K from 3 to n then the first row 2nd column (S) A.P. with common difference – 2.
elements of T will represent the sum of

Answers
Level-1

 4 3 / 2  4  0 1/ 2 1 
3 / 2 3  3   1 / 2 0  3 LM 0 5/2 OP
1. A=   
  4  3 0    1 3

7 
3.
N 5 / 2 0 Q 4. 1/3 9. 8

Level-2
1 1 1  1 0
1. a   2 ; b   6 ; c   3 2. f (a) = 1/4, a = 1/2 4.  4014 1 
 
5. AB is neither symmetric nor skew symmetric

 1 0 0 0 2 5  1 2 2 0 0 3

6.  2 3 0 + 0 0 6 ;
  2 3  3 +  0 0  3 7. 4 8. 7
 1 0 4 0 0 0   2  3 4    3 3 0 
9. (A) Q; (B) S; (C) P; (D) P

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Brief introduction to determinants [Submatrix, determinant of a square matrix, Minors, co-factors]
transpose of a determinant, singular and non singular matrices]
Level-1
LM4 1OP , then find the value |A|.
1. If A =
N2 3 Q
1 0
2. Find the Cofactor of element 2 in Determinant .
2 2

1 2 1
2 3 3
3. Find the cofactor of element 0 in Determinant
4 0 4

a 5x p 3a 3b c
4. If b 10 y 5 = 125, then find the value of x 2y z .
c 15 z 15 p 5 5

LM 1 3 2 OP
5. If A = M2 k 5P is a singular matrix, then find the value of k.
MN4 2 1PQ

If A = M
L 1 2OP LM3 4OP
6.
N3 0 Q and B =
N 1 6Q then find (AB)T .

LM 2 1OP LM4 1OP

7. If A =
N7 4 Q and B =
N7 2Q then find BTAT .

 7 8 6  8 9 11
   
8. Verify (A + B) = A + B for\ the matrics A   8 5 9  and B  1 2 3 
 4 6 7  6 8 2 

9. If A an B are non-singular matrices of same order, then show that AB and BA are also non-
singular matrices of same order.
Level-2
1. In a square matrix A of order 3 the elements, ai i's are the sum of the roots of the equation
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0; ai , i + 1's are the product of the roots, ai , i – 1's are all unity and the rest of the elements
are all zero. Find the value of the det. (A) in terms of a & b.

2. Let Dk is the k × k matrix with 0's in the main diagonal, unity as the element of 1st row and  f (k ) th column
and k for all other entries. If f (x) = x – {x} where {x} denotes the fractional part function then find the value
of det. (D2) + det. (D3).

 l m n
3. Let A =  p q r  and B = A2.
1 1 1 
 
If (l – m)2 + (p – q)2 = 9, (m – n)2 + (q – r)2 = 16, (n – l)2 + (r – p)2 = 25,
then find the value of det. B.

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4. If A is a non singular maxrix satisfying AB – BA = A, then prove that det. (B + I) = det. (B – I)

5. If A is a non-diagonal involutory matrix, then prove that A –  is non zero singular.

a b
6. If A =  c d  then prove that value of f and g satisfying the maxtrix equation A2 + f A + g I = O are equal
 
to – t r (A) and determinant of A respectively. Given a, b, c, d are non zero reals and
1 0 0 0
I = 0 1 ; O = 0 0 .
   

7. Let A = [aij]3×3 be a matrix such that AAT = 4I and 2aij + cij = 0 and | A + I |  0 where cij is the cofactor
of aij  i and j and I is the unit matrix of order 3 and A + I is non-singular.
a11  4 a12 a13 a 11  1 a12 a13
If a 21 a 22  4 a 23  5 a 21 a 22  1 a 23  0 , then find the value of 100 .
a 31 a 32 a 33  4 a 31 a 32 a 33  1

1 1  1  1
8. Let M be a 2 × 2 matrix such that M   =   and M2   =   . If x1 and x2 (x1 > x2) are
1
    2  1 0
the two values of x for which det(M – xI) = 0, where I is an identity matrix of order 2 then find the value
of (5x1 + 2x2).

9. If the product of two non-zero square matrices is a zero matrix, show that both of them nust be singular
matrices.
Answers
Level-1
LM 5 9 OP
1. 10 2. – 1 3. – 5 4. 25 5. – 8 6.
N16 12Q
LM 1 0OP
7.
N0 1Q
Level-2
1. (a2 + b2)(a + b) 2. 34 3. 144 6. f = – (a + d) ; g = ad – bc 7. 160
8. 8

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Cofactor Matrix and Adjoint Matrix. Properties of Cofactor & Adjoint Matrices. Inverse of a matrix
[finding inverse and properties of inverse]
Level-1
LM1 3 5 OP
1. If A = M3 5 1P , then find adj. A.
MN5 1 3PQ

LM2 0 0O
2. If A = M2 2 0 PP , then find adj (adj A).
MN2 2 2PQ

LM1 OP
0 3
3. If A = M2 PP
1 1 , then find the value of | adj (adj A) |.
MN0 Q
0 2
LM1
3 5O
P
4. If A = M3 5 1P , then find adj. A .
MN5
1 3PQ

Find the Inverse matrix of M

L 2 3OP .
5.
N4 2 Q
L 0 1 2 O
LM0 1OP
If A = M
N 2 2 0 PQ , B = MMN11 01PPQ and M = AB, then find M
6. –1.

0 1  1 A
7. A is an involutary matrix given by A =  4  3 4  then express the inverse of in terms of A.
 3  3 4  2

x 3 2
8. Matrix A =  1 y 4  , if x y z = 60 and 8x + 4y + 3z = 20 , then find A (adj A).
2 2 z

9. If A, B and C are n × n matrices and det(A) = 2, det(B) = 3 and det(C) = 5, then find the value of the
det(A2BC–1).

10. If A is an idempotent matrix satisfying, (I – 0.4A)–1 = I – A

where I is the unit matrix of the same order as that of A then find the value of 

Level-2
1. Find the value of adj (P–1) in terms of P where P is a non-singular matrix and hence show that
adj (Q–1 BP–1) = PAQ given that adj B = A and |P| = |Q| = 1

2. Let A be any 3 × 2 matrix and B be any 2 × 3 matrix. Show that AB is non-invertible

3. A3 × 3 is a matrix such that | A | = a, B = (adj A) such that | B | = b. Find the value of (ab2 + a2b + 1)S
1 a a2 a3
where S =  3  5  ...... up to , and a = 3.
2 b b b
4.     
If A and B are square matrices of order 3, where | A | = – 2 and | B | = 1, then find A –1 adj B –1 adj 2A –1 
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5. There are two possible values of A in the solution of the matrix equation
1
 2A  1  5  A  5 B = 14 D where A, B, C, D, E, F are real numbers. Find the absolute
  4 A   2A  2 C  E F 
value of the difference of these two solutions.

6.  
Let A be the 2 × 2 matrices given by A = a ij where a ij  0,1, 2, 3, 4
such that a11 + a12 + a21 + a22 = 4
(i) Find the number of matrices A such that the trace of A is equal to 4.
(ii) Find the number of matrices A such that A is invertible.
(iii) Find the absolute value of the difference between maximum value and minimum value of det (A).
(iv) Find the number of matrices A such that A is either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both and det (A)
is divisible by 2.

 4 4 5 
7. For the matrix A =   2 3  3 find A–2.
 3  3 4 

8. Let S be the set which contains all possible values of l, m, n, p, q, r for which

 l2  3 p 0 
 2 
A 0 m 8 q  be a non-singular idempotent matrix. Find the absolute value of sum of
 r 0 n 2  15 
 
the products of elements of the set S taken two at a time.

cos x  sin x 0
9. If F(x) =  sin x cos x 0 then show that F(x). F(y) = F(x + y)
 0 0 1 
Hence prove that [ F(x) ]–1 = F(– x).

10. If A is a skew symmetric matrix and I + A is non singular, then prove that the matrix
 0 5
B = (I – A)(I + A)–1 is an orthogonal matrix. Use this to find a matrix B given A =   5 0 .
 

11. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that a11 = a33 = 2 and all the other aij = 1. Let A–1 = xA2 + yA + zI then find
the value of (x + y + z) where I is a unit matrix of order 3.

2 0 7   x 14x 7 x 
12. Let A = 0 1 0 and B = 0 1 0  are two matrices such that AB = (AB)–1
1  2 1   
   x  4x  2x 
and AB  I (where I is an identity matrix of order 3 × 3).

Find the value of Tr. AB  ( AB) 2  (AB) 3  ........  ( AB)100 
where Tr. (A) denotes the trace of matrix A.

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13. If A is an orthogonal matrix and B = AP where P is a non singular matrix then show that the matrix
PB–1 is also orthogonal.

Answers
Level-1
LM 14 4 22 OP LM1 0 0 OP LM 14 4 22 OP LM
1 2 3 OP
1. M 4 14 P 2. 16 M1 0P 4. M 4 14 P
MN22
22
14 4 PQ MN1
1
1 1PQ
3. 16
MN22
22
14 4 PQ
5. –
N
8 4 2 Q

L1 / 3
6. M
OP
1 / 3
 68 0 0 
8.  0 68 0 
12
N1 / 3 1/ 6 Q
7. 2A
 0 0 68 
9.
5
10. – 2/3

Level-2
19
1. adj P–1 = (adj P)–1 3. 225 4. -8 5. 6. (i) 5, (ii) 18, (iii) 8, (iv) 5
3
 17 4  19
  10 0 13  1  12  5 
7. 8. 29 10.  12 11. 1 12. 100
  21  3 25  13  5

SPP M M&D L4 3
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

SPP M M&D L4 4
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
Finding Inverse by elementary row and column operations (CBSE only) [Echelon form, elementary
matrix, row & column operations]
Level-1
 2 1
1. Find inverse of A    , using elementary row transformations.
 1 1

 7 4 
2. Let A    . Find A–1 by elementary row transformation.
5 3 

Find A–1 by elementary row transformation. (From Q.3 to Q.17)

1  1 2 1 1 1
3.   4.   5.  
2 3 1 1 2 1

2 3 2 1 2 3
6.   7.   8.  
5 7 7 4 1 7 

3 1 4 5  3 10 
9.   10.   11.  
 5 2 3 4  2 7 

 3 1 2  6  6  3
12.  4 
2
13. 1  2  14.  2 
1
   

2  3 3
 2  3 2 1   
2 2 3
15.   16.   17. 
 1 2  4 2 3  2 2

Answer Key
 3 1
 5 5
1 1 1 1  3 4    1  1  7  3
1. A   1  2.   3.  2 1 4.  1  5.  2 
 2 41  5 7   2  1
 5 5 

 7 3  4  1  3  5  2  1  4  5
6.   7.   8.   9.   10.  3 
 5  2  7 2  1 2  5 3  4

 1 3
 7  10  3 1  
11.   12.   13.   1 1  14. Inverse does not exist
 2 3  4 2
 2 

SPP M M&D L5 1
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

 2 3 
 3 0
5 
 
1 1
0 
2 3 
15.   16. Inverse does not exist 17.  5 5

1 2 2 1  2
 5 5 5 

SPP M M&D L5 2
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
Determinants. Minors & Cofactors. method to expand. Basic Properties & there application in expanding
determinant.
Level-1
265 240 219
240 225 198
1. Find the value of the determinant .
219 198 181

1 1 1
bc ca ab
2. without expanding at any stage, prove that the value of determinant is
bca cab abc
equal to zero.

a 5x p 3a 3b c
3. If b 10 y 5 = 125, then find the value of x 2y z
c 15 z 15 p 5 5

1 sin 2  cos 2  4 sin 4

4. If 0 <   <  / 2 and sin2  1 cos 2  4 sin 4 = 0 then find all possible values of 
2 2
sin  cos  1  4 sin 4 

x2  x x 1 x 2
2
2x  3 x  1 3x 3x  3
5. If = Px – 12 then find P..
x2  2x  3 2x  1 2x  1

a b c
6. Simplify a2 b2 c2
bc ca ab

7. If a, b, c, are pth, qth and rth terms respectively of a H.P., then prove that value of the determinant

bc ca ab
p q r is zero.
1 1 1

a b c p x q y rz
8. Let a determinant is given by A = p q r and suppose det. A = 6. If B = a  x b  y c  z then
x y z a p bq cr
find numerical value of det. B.

9. If a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca  0  a, b, c  R, then find the numerical value of the determinant

(a  b  2) 2 a 2  b2 1
1 (b  c  2) 2 b  c2 .
2

c  a2
2
1 (c  a  2) 2

10. Three digit numbers x17, 3y6 and 12z where x, y, z are integers from 0 to 9, are divisible by a fixed constant

SPP M M&D L6 1
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

x 3 1
k. Then show that the determinant 7 6 z must be divisible by k.
1 y 2

Level-2
a1 a2 a3
1. If a1, a2, a3, 5, 4, a6, a7, a8, a9 are in H.P., then the value of the determinant 5 4 a 6 can be
a7 a8 a9

p
expressed in the lowest form as , find (p + q).
q

2. If (x1 – x2)2 + (y1 – y2)2 = a2 (x2 – x3)2 + (y2 – y3)2 = b2 and (x3 – x1)2 + (y3 – y1)2 = c2
2
x1 y1 1
then  x 2 y2 1 = (a + b + c)(b + c – a)(c + a – b)(a + b – c). Find the value of .
x3 y3 1

a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
3. Prove that : (a  1) 2 (b  1) 2 2
(c  1)  4 a b c .
(a  1) 2 (b  1) 2 (c  1) 2 1 1 1

cot A2 cot B2 cot C2

4. In a  ABC, determine condition under which tan B2  tan C2 tan C2  tan A2 tan A2  tan B2 = 0
1 1 1

2a a  b a  c
5. Prove that b  a 2b b  c = 4(b + c)(c + a) (a + b)
c  a c  b 2c

1  a 2 x (1  b 2 ) x (1  c 2 ) x
2 2 2
6. If a2 + b2 + c2 = – 2 and f (x) = (1  a )x 1  b x (1  c ) x then find the degree of polynomial
(1  a 2 )x (1  b 2 ) x 1  c 2 x

f (x) .

p b c
p q r
7. If a  p, b  q, c  r and a q c  0 then find the numerical value of   . [Ans: 2]
pa qb r c
a b r

8. If ax1² + by1² + cz12 = ax22 + by22 + cz22 = ax32 + by32 + cz32 = d

and ax2x3 + by2y3 + cz2z3 = ax3x1 + by3y1 + cz3z1 = ax1x2 + by1y2 + cz1z2 = f,

SPP M M&D L6 2
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

x1 y1 z1 1/ 2
 d  2f 
then prove that x 2 y2 z 2 = (d  f)   (a , b , c  0)
x3 y3 z3  abc 

9. If u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2 , u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2. Prove that

y2  xy x 2
ax  by bx  cy 1 u u
a b c   .
a b c a x  by bx  cy y ax  by a x  by


a2  n ab ac
ab 2
b n bc 22n
10. If n = where nN, then prove that > 64n3.
ac bc c2  n n

Answers
Level-1
1. 0 3. 25 4. 7/24, 11/24 5. 24 6. (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca)
8. 12 9. 65

Level-2
1. 71 2. 4 4. Triangle ABC is isosceles 6. 2 7. 2

SPP M M&D L6 3
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

SPP M M&D L6 4
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
Types of determinants. Summation & Multiplication of Two determinants. Differentiation & Integration of
determinants.
Level-1
32  k 42 32  3  k
1. If 42  k 52 42  4  k = 0, then find the value of k.
52  k 62 52  5  k

x x2 1  x3
y y2 1  y3
2. If x, y, z are unequal and = 0 then find the value of xyz.
z z2 1  z3

a1x1  b1y1 a1x 2  b1y 2 a1x 3  b1y 3

3. Prove that a 2 x1  b 2 y1 a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2 a2 x 3  b2 y 3 = 0
a 3 x1  b 3 y1 a 3 x 2  b 3 y 2 a 3 x 3  b3 y 3

n
2r  1 nCr 2r
2
4. Evaluate  x cos  y
r 1 n2 2n  1 2n1  2

n 2 n2 n2
Cr 2 Cr 1 Cr n

5. Dr = 3 1 1 evaluate D
r 2
r

2 1 0

r 1 1 0 n
6. If  r = 2 r 3  r , find 
r 1
r
r 1 1  2

3 2 1
2
7. If f(x) = 6 x 2x3 x 4 , then find the value of f(a).
1 a a2

cos x 1 0 /2

8. If f(x) = 1 2 cos x 1 , then find  f (x ) dx

0
0 1 2 cos x

 2  1 2  2  2  3 1
6 4 3
9. If  =
x x 2
x3
, then find  (x ) dx
0

ex sin x
10. If = A + Bx + Cx 2 + ....., then find the value of A and B.
cos x n(1  x )

SPP M M&D L7 1
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
Level-2
1. Let a be a repeated root of quadratic equation f(x) = 0 and A(x), B(x) and C(x) be polynomial of degree 3, 4 and
A( x ) B( x ) C( x )
5 respectively, then show that A( ) B( ) C( ) divisible by f(x).
A( ) B( ) C( )

2. Prove that F depends only on x 1, x 2 and x 3

1 1 1
F= x1  a1 x 2  a1 x 3  a1 and simplify F.
x12  b1x1  b 2 x 22  b1x 2  b 2 x 32  b1x 3  b 2

(a1  b1 )2 (a1  b 2 )2 (a1  b 3 )2

3. Prove that (a 2  b1 )2 (a 2  b 2 )2 (a 2  b 3 )2 = 2(a1 – a2) (a2 – a3) (a3 – a1) (b1 – b2) (b2 – b3) (b3 – b1).
(a 3  b1 )2 (a3  b 2 )2 (a 3  b 3 )2

3
x 1
2
4. Let f (x) = 2 2 1 . Find the minimum value of f (x) (given x > 1).
1 0 1
x 1 2

sin x sin( x  h ) sin( x  2h )

5. Let f (x) = sin( x  2h ) sin x sin( x  h ) .
sin( x  h ) sin( x  2h ) sin x

f (x)
If Lim has the value equal to k(sin 3x + sin3x) find k  N.
h0 h2

0 2x  2 2x  8 3 3
6. If (x) = x  1 4 x 2  7 and f(x) =   a ij cij where aij is the element of ith row and
0 0 x4 j 1 i 1

jth column in (x) and cij is the cofactor aij  i and j, then find the greatest value of f(x) when x  [–
3, 18].

3 1  s1 1  s 2
7. If ,  are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 and sn = n  n , evaluate 1  s1 1  s 2 1  s3 in
1  s 2 1  s3 1  s 4
terms of a, b, and c only.

sin 2A sin C sin B

8. If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle, show that sin C sin 2B sin A  0
sin B sin A sin 2C

SPP M M&D L7 2
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

u v 0
u d2 y
9. If y = , where u & v are functions of ' x ', show that, v 3 = u v  v .
v 2
dx u v  2v 

1 cos(   ) cos(  )
10. If ,  &  are real numbers , then prove that D = cos(  ) 1 cos(   ) = 0
cos(   ) cos(   ) 1

Answers
Level-1
1. 1 2. –1 4. 0 5. 2n – 1 – n – 3 6. 4n (n + 2) 7. 0
1
8. – 9. 0 10. A = 0, B = 0
3

Level-2

 a  b  c 2  b2  4ac 
2. (x 1 – x 2) (x 2 – x 3) (x 3 – x 1) 4. 4 5. 6 6.... 7.
a4

SPP M M&D L7 3
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

SPP M M&D L7 4
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
System of equations [Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous in two and three variables]. conditions for
consistency and method to solve using determinants [Cramer’s Rule]
Level-1
1. Find all possible values of k for which the system of equations x + y + z = 2, 2x + y – z = 3, 3x
+ 2y + kz = 4 has unique solution.
2. Find the nature of solution for the given system of equations.
x + 2y + 3z = 1, 2x + 3y + 4z = 3, 3x + 4y + 5z = 0
3. Solve the following system of equations
x + y + z = 1, 2x + 2y + 2z = 3, 3x + 3y + 3z = 4
4. Solve the following system of equations
x + y + z = 2, 2x + 2y + 2z = 4, 3x + 3y + 3z = 6
5. For what value of k the following system of equations :
x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky - 2z = 0
2x + 3y – 4z = 0 possess a non-trivial solution. For that value of k, find all the solutions of the system.

6. Find the values of  for which the following equations

sinx – cosy + (+1)z = 0; cosx + siny – z = 0; x +( + 1)y + cos z = 0
have non trivial solution.

7. Prove that the system of equations :

2x cos2 + y sin2 – 2sin = 0, x sin2 + 2y sin2 = – 2 cos x sin – y cos = 0
do not have a solution for any values of 

8. Find all the triplets of a, b & c for which the system of equations,
ax  by = 2a  b and (c + 1) x + cy = 10  a + 3 b
has infinitely many solutions and x = 1, y = 3 is one of the solutions.

9. Find the value(s) of  and for which the set of equations

x – y + (cos) z = 0, 3x + y + 2z = 0, (cos)x + y + 2z = 0 0 <  < 2 ,
has non- trivial solution(s)

10. If the system of equations

x – 2y + z = a, 2x + y – 2z = b, and x + 3y – 3z = c
have atleast one solution, then obtain the relationship between a, b and c.
Level-2
1. Consider the following system of equations REPEAT OF THIRD
x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z = 10, x + 2y + z = 
Find values of  and  if such that sets of equation have
(i) unique solution (ii) infinite solution (iii) no solution

2. If sin q  cos q and x, y, z satisfy the equations

x cos p – y sin p + z = cos q + 1
x sin p + y cos p + z = 1 – sin q
x cos(p + q) – y sin (p + q) + z = 2
then find the value of x2 + y2 + z2.

3. Investigate for what values of ,  the simultaneous equations x + y + z = 6;

x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 & x + 2 y +  z =  have;
(a) A unique solution. (b) An infinite number of solutions. (c) No solution.

4. For what values of p , the equations : x + y + z = 1 ; x +2 y+ 4 z = p &

SPP M M&D L8 1
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
x + 4y + 10z = p2 have a solution? Solve them completely in each case.
5. Solve the equations : K x + 2 y  2 z = 1, 4 x + 2 K y  z = 2, 6 x + 6 y + K z = 3
considering specially the case when K = 2.
6. Let a, b, c, d are distinct numbers to be chosen from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. If the least possible positive
p
solution for x to the system of equations ax  by  1  can be expressed in the form where p and q are
cx  dy  2 q
relatively prime, then find the value of (p + q).

7. If the following system of equations (a  t)x + by + cz = 0 , bx + (c  t)y + az = 0 and

cx + ay + (b  t)z = 0 has nontrivial solutions for different values of t , then show that we can express
product of these values of t in the form of determinant.

8. Show that the system of equations

3x – y + 4z = 3 , x + 2y – 3z = –2 and 6x + 5y + z = – 3
has atleast one solution for any real number . Find the set of solutions of  = –5.
z  ay  a 2 x  a 3  0 
9. Solve the system of equations ; z  by  b 2 x  b3  0

z  cy  c 2 x  c3  0 

10. Consider the system of equations

x – y + z = 
x – y + z = 1
x – y + z = 1
If L, M and N denotes the number of integral values of  in interval [–10, 10] for which the system
of the equations has unique solution, no solution and infinite solutions respectively, then find the value of (L
– M + N).

Answers
Level-1
1. k  0 2. No solution 3. No solution 4. Infinite solutions
15 
5. k = 33/2, x   , y =  , z = –3y 6.  = (2n + 1) ,   R, n  I
2 2
8. c = 1 ; b =  1 ; a = 2, b = 0 a = 0 & c = 9/4 9. for no value of  and  a – b + c = 0

Level-2
2. (i)   3 (ii)  = 3, µ = 10 (iii)  = 3, µ  10 2. 2 3. (a)   3 (b)  = 3,  =10 (c)  =
3,   10 4. x = 1 + 2K , y =  3K , z = K, when p = 1 ; x = 2K, y = 1  3K , z = K when p = 2 ;
x y z 1
where K  R 5. Ans: If K  2,    , If K= 2, then x = , y
2
2(K6) 2K3 6(K2) 2 K 2K15  
a b c
1  2
= and z = 0 where   R 6. 19 7. b c a
2
c a b
4 9 4  5K 13K  9
8. If   –5 then x = ; y = – and z = 0 ; If  = 5 then x = ;y= and z = K
7 7 7 7
where K  R 9. x = (a + b + c) , y = ab + bc + ca , z = abc 10. 21

SPP M M&D L8 2
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet
Conditions for consistency of homogeneous and non homogeneous equations in two and three
variables using matices. Matrix method for solving these syatem of equations.
Level-1 & 2

1. Solve the system of equations, x + 2y + 3z = 1 ; 2x + 3y + 2z = 2 ; 3x + 3y + 4z = 1

with the help of matrix inversion.

2. Let x1 = 3y1 + 2y2– y3 , y1 = z1 – z2 + z3

x2 = –y1 + 4y2 + 5y3, y2 = z2 + 3z3
x3 = y1 – y2 + 3y3, y3 = 2z1 + z2.
Express x1, x2, x3 in terms of z1, z2 , z3.

xyz 6
3. Solve the system x  y  z  2 using matrix inverse.
2x  y  z  1

4. Solve : 2x + 3ky + (3k + 4) z = 0

x + (k + 4) y + (4k + 2) z = 0
x + 2(k + 1)y + (3k + 4) z = 0.
1 1 1  x u   9 12 
2 5 7  y v   52 15 
5. By the method of matrix inversion, solve the system.      
 2 1 1  z w   0 1

 2 1 9 3
6. Given A =  2 1 ; B = 3 1 . I is a unit matrix of order 2. Find all possible matrix X in the following cases.
   
(i) AX = A (ii) XA = I (iii) XB = O but BX  O.

 5 1 3  1 1 2
 7 1 5  3 2 1
7. Find the product of two matrices A & B, where A =   & B =  2 1 3 and use it to solve
 1 1 1 
the following system of linear equations,
x + y + 2z = 1 ; 3x + 2y + z = 7 ; 2x + y + 3z = 2.

 3  2 1 x   b 
8. Determine the values of a and b for which the system 5  8 9  y   3 
 2 1 a   z    1
 
(i) has a unique solution ; (ii) has no solution and (iii) has infinitely many solutions

1 2 3 1  1 2  x1 x 2 
9. If A = 3 4 ; B = 1 0 ; C = 2 4 and X =  x x  then solve the following matrix equation.
       3 4

(a) AX = B – I (b) (B – I)X = IC (c) CX = A

10. Solve the system of linear equations by matrix inverse method and find the values of  and  such
that the system is consistent. The system is
x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z = 14, 2x + 5y + z = .

SPP M M&D L9 1
Matrices & Determinants Sankalp Sheet

Answers
Level-1 & 2

1. x = –3/7, y = 8/7, z = –2/7 2. x1 = z1 – 2z2 + 9z3, x2 = 9z1 + 10z2 + 11z3, x3 = 7z1 + z2 – 2z3
3. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
3
4. If k   2 then x = y = z = 0. If k=2 then x = 0, y =  , z =   ,   R . If k = – 2 then x = 4  , y =
5
 and z =  ,   R. 5. x = 1, u = –1; y = 3, v = 2 ; z = 5, w = 1
 a b  a  3a 
6. (i) X =  2  2a 1  2b  for a, b  R ; (ii) X does not exist ; (iii) X =  c  3c  a, c  R
   
and 3a + c  0; 3b + d  0 7. x = 2, y = 1, z =  1 8. (i) a  – 3 , b  R ; (ii) a =

  3  3
– 3 and b  1/3 ; (iii) a = –3 , b = 1/3 9. (a) X=  5  , (b) X =  1 2
 2 2    1  2 , (c) no solution

10. for  = 36, there are infinite number of solutions hence   8 and  = 36 for the system to be consis-
tent

SPP M M&D L9 2