Mechanism

Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Dry mouth,
Monitor for adverse
blurred vision,
Hypersensitivity to effects especially
dry eyes, confusion,
anticholinergic in infants less
agitation,
drugs; obstructive than two months
increased heart rate,
diseases of GU of age.
Specific constipation,
and GI tracts,
anticholinergic difficulty urinating,
paralytic ileus, Monitor I&O to
effect headache,
intestinal atony, asses for urinary
10 mg; 20 mg; 10 (antimuscarinic) at nervousness,
biliary tract retention.
Dicycloverine Dicyclomine Bentyl mg/5 mL; 10 Oral, Intramuscular the acetylcholine- drowsiness,
disease; unstable
mg/mL receptor sites and weakness,
cardiovascular If drug produces
a direct effect upon dizziness,
status; severe drowsiness and
smooth muscle light-headedness,
ulcerative colitis, light-headedness,
(mucosotropic). flushing,
toxic megacolon; supervision of
nausea,
myasthenia gravis; ambulation and
vomiting,
infants less than other safety
rash,
six months. precautions are
stuffy nose, and
warranted.
abdominal bloating.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Monitor for adverse

effects especially
Inhibits contractions
in infants less
of vascular Drowsiness,
than two months
smooth muscle sweating, dry
of age.
cells by blocking mouth, headache,
L-type and T-type skin problems,
Cinazyn, Monitor I&O to
voltage gated lethargy,
Cinnageron, asses for urinary
calcium channels; gastrointestinal Parkinson’s disease;
Folcodal, Sepan, retention.
Cinnarizine Cinnarizine 15 mg Oral binding to irritation, history of severe
Stugeron,
dopamine D2 hypersensitivity depression.
Stugeron Forte, If drug produces
receptors, reactions, as well
Toliman drowsiness and
histamine H1 as movement
light-headedness,
receptors, and problems/muscle
supervision of
muscarinic rigidity, and
ambulation and
acetylcholine tremor.
other safety
receptors.
precautions are
warranted.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Assess
development of
severe diarrhoea
and vomiting for
dehydration and
Stomach pain, electrolyte
Inhibits nausea, vomiting, imbalance.
Hypersensitivity to
prostaglandin heartburn,
drug; GI
Mefenamic Acid Mefenamic Acid Ponstan, Ponstel 250 mg Oral synthesis and constipation, Administer with
inflammation, or
affects platelet diarrhoea, rash, meals, food, or milk
ulceration.
function. dizziness, and to minimize GI
tinnitus. adverse effects.

Advise not to use

drug for a period
exceeding one
week.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Administer tablets or
caplets whole or
Produces analgesia
crushed and give
by unknown
with fluid of
mechanism,
160 mg; 80 mg/0.8 patient's choice.
perhaps by action Low fever with
mL; 160 mg/5 mL;
on peripheral nausea, stomach
500 mg; 650 mg; Do not give children
nervous system. pain, and loss of
80 mg; 325 mg; more than five
Reduces fever by appetite;
500 mg/15 mL; Hypersensitivity to doses in twenty-
Panadol, Tylenol, direct action on dark urine, clay-
Paracetamol Acetaminophen 120 mg; 120 mg/5 Oral, Rectal acetaminophen or four hours unless
Tempra hypothalamus coloured stools;
mL; 80 mg/5 mL; phenacetin. prescribed by
heat-regulating or.
10 mg/mL; 650 physician.
center with jaundice (yellowing
mg/25 mL; 80
consequent of the skin or
mg/mL; 500 mg/5 Do not administer
peripheral eyes).
mL; 48 mg/mL with a high
vasodilation,
carbohydrate meal;
sweating, and
absorption rate may
dissipation of heat.
be significantly
retarded.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Administer on an
empty stomach, an
Rash, tinnitus,
hour or two after
Blocks enzymes that headaches, Urticaria, severe
100 mg, 200 mg, meals.
make dizziness, rhinitis,
400 mg, 600 mg,
prostaglandins, drowsiness, bronchospasm,
Advil, Motrin, 800 mg; 100 Monitor for
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen Oral resulting in abdominal pain, angioedema, nasal
Medipren, Nuprin mg/5mL, 100 therapeutic
reduced nausea, polyps, active peptic
mg/2.5 mL; 40 effectiveness.
inflammation, pain, diarrhoea, ulcer, bleeding
mg/mL
and fever. constipation, and abnormalities.
Monitor for GI
heartburn.
distress and
bleeding.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

200 mg-200 mg-20

Kidney disease with
mg/5 mL; 400
reduction in kidney
mg-400 mg-40 Note number and
Neutralizes function
mg/5 mL; 225 consistency of stools.
stomach acid that diarrhoea, low amount
mg-200 mg-25
result in an of phosphate in the
mg/5 mL; 500 Advise to report
Aluminium increasing pH in Nausea, blood,
Aluminium- Gaviscon, Gelusil, mg-450 mg-40 epigastric or
Hydroxide and the stomach; constipation, haemorrhoids,
Magnesium Maalox, Mylanta, mg/5 mL; 200 Oral abdominal pain.
Magnesium lowers surface diarrhoea, or impacted stool,
Hydroxide Wingel mg-225 mg-20
Hydroxide tension of gas headache. stomach or
mg/5 mL; 200 Advise to increase
bubbles, which intestinal blockage,
mg-200 mg-25 phosphorus in diet
gives relief from constipation,
mg; 500 mg-450 when taking large
gas. aluminium
mg-40 mg; 200 doses of antacid.
poisoning, chronic
mg-200 mg-20
diarrhoea
mg
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Administer on an
empty stomach,
one hour or two
Long-acting Sleepiness,
hours after a meal.
antihistamine with tiredness, stomach
selective pain, headache,
Monitor
Loratidine Loratidine Alavert, Claritin 10 mg; 1 mg/mL Oral peripheral H1- dry Hypersensitivity
cardiovascular
receptor sites, thus eyes/mouth/throat,
status and report
blocking histamine diarrhoea,
significant changed
release. paradoxical CNS.
in BP and
palpitations or
tachycardia
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Administer with
meals; absorption
is significantly
increased with a
Unclear; appears to fatty meal.
Nausea, vomiting,
cause selective
stomach &
degeneration of Monitor WBC count,
abdominal pain, Hypersensitivity;
cytoplasmic absolute neutrophil
Albendazole Albendazole Albenza 200 mg Oral headache, pregnancy (category
microtubules in the count, and liver
dizziness, and C)
intestinal cells of function tests;
temporary hair
helminths and withhold drug and
loss.
larvae. notify physician if
WBC count falls
below normal or
liver enzymes are
elevated.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Synthetic
sympathomimetic Administer
amine and salbutamol twenty
moderately to thirty minutes
Nervousness,
selective beta2 before concomitant
tremor,
receptors beclomethasone
palpitations,
(particularly (Vanceril)
headache,
smooth muscles of inhalation
mouth/throat
bronchi, uterus, treatments to allow
dryness or
and vascular deeper penetration
irritation, cough,
2 mg, 4 mg; 2mg/ 5 supply to skeletal of beclomethasone
Accuneb, Proventil, hoarseness, sore Pregancy (category
Salbutamol Albuterol mL; 200 mcg; Oral, Inhalation muscles) than on into lungs.
Ventolin, Volmax throat, runny or C), lactation
0.083%, 0.5% beta1 (heart)
stuffy noise,
receptors; inhibits Avoid contact of
nausea, vomiting,
histamine release inhalation drug
dizziness,
by mast cells. with eyes.
insomnia, muscle
Produces
pain, change in
bronchodilation, Monitor for fine
taste, and
regardless of tremor in fingers,
diarrhoea.
administration CNS stimulation,
route, by relaxing tachycardia, GI
smooth muscles of symptoms.
bronchial tree.
 Mechanism
Nursing
Drug Generic Brand Dosage Route of Side Effects Contraindications
Considerations
Action

Binds to and
activates alpha-
and beta-
Symdex-D, adrenergic
Dizziness, light- Diabetes mellitus, Monitor for therapeutic
Acutrim, receptors in the
headedness, or heart disease, effectiveness.
Boxogetten, mucosa of the
drowsiness; hyperthyroidism,
Dexatrim, respiratory tract
headache; hypertension, Assess
Disudrin, Naldec, 75 mg, 25 mg, resulting in
Phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine insomnia; glaucoma, mental development of
Nasadec, 37.5 mg, 50 mg, Oral vasoconstriction
HCl HCl anxiety; tremor or depression, severe diarrhoea
Nasathera, 180 mg-75 mg and reduction in
restlessness; hypersensitivity, and vomiting for
Propagest, swelling of nasal
nausea or prostatic dehydration and
Recatol mono, mucous
vomiting; and hypertrophy, renal electrolyte
Rhindecon, membranes and
sweating. disease. imbalance.
Rinexin tissue
hyperaemia,
oedema, and
nasal congestion.