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    Basic Soil and Water Relations

    Uploaded by

    Felizardo Guianan
    This document provides an overview of basic soil and water relations concepts for an irrigation and drainage engineering course. It defines terms like total soil volume, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, specific gravity, and depth of water. Equations are given for calculating moisture content on a dry weight and volume basis, bulk and particle density, apparent and real specific gravity, depth of water present in soil, depth of water needed, and volume of irrigation water required.

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    Basic Soil and Water Relations

    Uploaded by

    Felizardo Guianan
    41 views2 pages
    This document provides an overview of basic soil and water relations concepts for an irrigation and drainage engineering course. It defines terms like total soil volume, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, specific gravity, and depth of water. Equations are given for calculating moisture content on a dry weight and volume basis, bulk and particle density, apparent and real specific gravity, depth of water present in soil, depth of water needed, and volume of irrigation water required.

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    for hydrology

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    This document provides an overview of basic soil and water relations concepts for an irrigation and drainage engineering course. It defines terms like total soil volume, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, specific gravity, and depth of water. Equations are given for calculating moisture content on a dry weight and volume basis, bulk and particle density, apparent and real specific gravity, depth of water present in soil, depth of water needed, and volume of irrigation water required.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views2 pages

    Basic Soil and Water Relations

    Uploaded by

    Felizardo Guianan
    This document provides an overview of basic soil and water relations concepts for an irrigation and drainage engineering course. It defines terms like total soil volume, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, specific gravity, and depth of water. Equations are given for calculating moisture content on a dry weight and volume basis, bulk and particle density, apparent and real specific gravity, depth of water present in soil, depth of water needed, and volume of irrigation water required.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Bicol University

    COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY


    Guinobatan, Albay

    Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

    Lecture Notes for AE 31 (Irrigation and Drainage Engineering)


    Lecturer: Engr. Mary Angeline O. Napay, MSAEn

    BASIC SOIL AND WATER RELATIONS

    Total volume of soil VT and total weight or mass of soil WT:

    VT = Vv + Vs

    Where : VV = Va + Vw

    WT = Wa +Ww + Ws

    Where: VT = total or bulk volume of the soil (volume units: cm3, m3)
    Va = volume occupied by air
    Vw= volume occupied by water
    Vs= volume occupied by soil particles
    VV =volume occupied by voids or void volume
    WT = total wet weight of the soil (weight units: g, kg)
    Wa = weight of air (negligible, assumed 0)
    Ww= weight of water
    Ws= dry weight of the soil particles

    Soil Texture - refers to the size of the soil particles, sand silt clay
    Soil Structure - refers to the shape and arrangement of the soil particles and voids
    Porosity (n) – the ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unit less)

    𝑽𝑽 𝑽𝒂 + 𝑽𝒘 𝑽𝑻 − 𝑽𝑺
    𝒏= = =
    𝑽𝑻 𝑽𝑻 𝑽𝑻

    Moisture contents (unit less)


     on a dry weight basis (mc w) – the ratio of the weight of water to the dry weight of the soil
     on a volume basis or volumetric moisture content (mc v) – the ratio of the volume of water
    to the total soil volume
    Vw
    mc v =
    VT

    Densities (units: g/cm3, kg/m3)

     Bulk density (ρB) – the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the total soil volume

    Ws
    ρB =
    VT

     Particle density (ρP) - the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the volume of the soil particles
    Ws
    ρP =
    Vs
    Specific Gravities (unit less)

    Apparent Specific Gravity (As) – ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of
    water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal
    to the total soil volume
    ρB Ws
    As = =
    ρw ρ w VT

    Real Specific Gravity (Rs) – ratio of the particle density of the soil with the density of
    water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal
    to the volume of the soil particles alone

    ρP Ws
    Rs = =
    ρw ρ w VS

    Depth of water

    a. Depth of water present in the soil (dw) (units: mm, cm, m, in) - the equivalent depth of
    water in the soil at a given condition
    dw = mcv x D
    dw = mcw x As x D

    Where: D – depth of crop root zone or depth or height of soil column under
    consideration

    b. Depth of water needed (dwn) - to increase the moisture content from an initial value
    (mci) to a final value (mc f)

    dwn = (mcvf – mcvi) x D


    dwn = (mcwf-mcwi) x As x D

    Where: mcvf - final soil volumetric moisture content


    mcvi - initial soil volumetric moisture content
    mcwf - final soil moisture content on dry weight basis
    mcwi - initial soil volumetric on dry weight basis

    Volume of irrigation water (V iw) – volume of water to be applied to increase the soil moisture
    content from an initial to final value (units: liters, cm3, m3)

    Viw = dwn x A

    Where: A – area of the land in consideration

    NOTE:
    Density of water, ρw = 1 g/cm3 or 1,000 kg/m3
    The following relationships hold true:

    mcv = mcw x As
    As = Rs ( 1-n)

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