CWALSHT User Manual - IR-ITL-90-1 PDF

no.
ITL-90-1
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1y Corps
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PROGRAM INFORMATION
Description of Program
CWALSHT, called X0031 in the Conversationally Oriented Real-Time £rogram-

Generating ~stem (CORPS) library, performs design and/or analysis of either a
cantilever or an anchored sheet pile wall. The program uses classical soil
mechanical procedures for determining the required depth of penetration of a
new wall or assesses the factor of safety for an existing wall. Seepage
effects are included in a simplified manner in the program.
Coding and Data Format
CWALSHT is written in FORTRAN and is operational on the following systems:
~. WES Honeywell DPS/8.
b. Local District Harris 500 Series.
c. Power Computing Company, Cyber 865.
g. Micro Computer IBM PC/XT/AT compatibles.
~. Intergraph workstations.
Data can be input interactively at execute time or from a prepared data file
with line numbers. Output may be directed to an output file or come directly
back to the terminal.
How to Use CWALSHT
A short description of how to access the program on each of the three systems
is provided. It is assumed that the user knows how to sign on the appropriate
system before trying to use CWALSHT. In the example initiation of execution
commands that follow, all user responses are underlined, and each should be
followed by a carriage return.
WES Honeywell System
The user signs on the system and issues the run command.
FRN WESLIB/CORPS/X003l.R
to initiate execution of the program. The program is then a s described in

this user's guide. The data file should be prepared prior to issuing the FRN
command. An example initiation of execution is as follows, assuming a data
file had previously been prepared:
1
COEWES HIS TIMESHARING ON 12/15/86 AT 11.175 CHANNEL ~145 TS2
USER ID --R~KACLA
PASSWORD--
*USERS=~2~ SS=~251K %MEM-USED=~68 ~~~-WAIT-~~~K
**1~.187****ALL USERS SEE INFO SIGNON FOR WONDERFULLY GOOD NEWS!!!*******
*FRN WESLIB/CORPS/X~~3l.R
Power Computing Company

Computer System
The log-on procedure is followed by a call to the CORPS procedure file
OLD.CORPS(UN=CECELB
to access the CORPS library. The file name of the program is used in the
command
BEGIN, ,CORPS.X~~31
to initiate execution of the program. An example is:
CONNECTED TO 1~-17
86/12/15 11.1~.35 AC2DSHA
SN1~48 POWER COMPUTING COMPANY NOS1.4-531-795-A
FAMILY: KOE,CERgC2
USER NAME: CER~F8
PASSWORD
xxxxxxx
TERMINAL: 6 , NAMIAF
RECOVER/ CHARGE: CHARGE,CER~GC,CER~F8
$CHARGE,CER~EGC,CER~F8.
I
1~.36.21. WARNING
12/15/86, SEE EXPLAIN, WARNING.

OLD.CORPS/UN=CECELB
/BEGIN ,,CORPS,Xg~31
Harris System
The user signs on the system and issues the run command
*CORPS.X~g31
to initiate execution of the program.
An example is:
"ACOE-WES(H5~~ V5.1.1)"
ENTER SIGN-ON
llKABC ROKABC
** GOOD MORNING CORPS-LIB, IT'S 15 DEC 86 11:42:3~

WES HARRIS 5~~ FOR SYSTEM INFORMATION - ENTER *NEWS
*CORPS.Xg~31
2
-- '""' .-
.. - ..
How to Use CORPS
The CORPS system contains many other useful programs which may be catalogued
from CORPS by use of the LIST command. The execute command for CORPS on the
WES system is:
FRN WESLIB/CORPS/CORPS.R
ENTER COMMAND (HELP,LIST,BRIEF,MESSAGE,EXECUTE, OR STOP)
*?LIST
On the Power Computing Company computer system, the commands are:
OLD,CORPS./UN=CECELB
BEGIN .. CORPS.CORPS
ENTER COMMAND (HELP,LIST,BRIEF,MESSAGE,EXECUTE, OR STOP)
*?LIST
3
TA t'"f
vJJ JfJ ~
' '";I x ~~ .. CJ o-J
Unclassified
c, ).J
SECURITY CLA SSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMS No. 0704-0188
1a . REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1b. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS
Unclassified
2a . SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 . DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY OF REPORT
2b. DECLASSIFICATION I DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Approved for public release; distribution

unlimited.
4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)
Instruction Report ITL-90-1
6a . NAME O F PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION
CASE Task Group on Pile Struc- (If applicable) USAEWES, Information
tures and Substructures Technical Laboratory
6c. ADDRESS (City, Sta te, a nd ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)
3909 Halls Ferry Road

Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
Sa. NAME O F FUNDING I SPONSORING Bb. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
ORGANIZATION (If applicable)
US Army Corps of Engineers
Be. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS
PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT
ELEMENT NO . NO. NO. ACCESSION NO.
Washington, DC 20314-1000
11 . TITLE (Include Security Classification)

User's Guide: Computer Program for Design and Analysis of Sheet Pile Walls by Classical
Methods (CWALSHT)
12. PERSONAL A UTHOR(S)
Dawkins, William P.
13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, M onth, Day) 15 PAGE COUNT
Final report FROM TO February 1990 130
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
VA 22161.
17. COSA Tl CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)
FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP
See reverse.
19. ABSTRAcr (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)
The computer program CWALSHT was developed from specifications provided by the
Computer-Aided Structural Engineering (CASE) Task Group on Sheet Pile St ru ctures and is
described in this report . The program uses classical soil mechani cs procedu r es for
determining the required depth of penetration of a new wall or assesses the factors
of safety for an existing wall .
20. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

liJ UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED 0 SAME A S RPT. 0 OTIC USERS Unclassified
22a . NA ME O F RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL
DO Form 1473. JUN 86 Previous editions are obsolete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
Unclassified
Unclassified
SECUR ITY CLASSIF IC ATION OF THIS PAGE
18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continued).
Computer-Aided Structu ral Retaining walls

Engineering Pr oject Safety factor
Computer programs Sheet p iles
CWALSHT (computer program)
Unclassified
SECURITY C LASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
CATEGORY B
ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAM ABSTRACT

TITLE OF PROGRAM Design/Analysis of Sheet Pile Walls by PROGRAM NO.
Classical Methods - CWALSHT (X0031) 713-F3-R~~92
PR_EPARING AGENCY US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) , Informa-
tlon Technology Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
AUTHOR(S) DATE PROGRAM COMPLETED STATUS OF PROGRAM
Author: Dr. William P. Dawkins Written - Jan 1990 PHASE STAGE
Adapted for CORPS Adapted - Jan 1990 COMPLETE
A. PURPOSE OF PROGRAM
Performs either a design or analysis of an anchored or cantilever sheet pile

retaining wall.
B. PROGRAM SPECIFICATIONS
FORTRAN
C. METHODS
Uses classical soil mechanics procedures for determining the required depth of
penetration of a new wall or assesses the factor of safety of an existing
wall.
D. EQUIPMENT DETAILS
Graphics Terminal or PC AT or compatible
E. INPUT -OUTPUT
Input may be entered from a predefined data file or interactively at execute

time.
Output will be directed to an output file and/or directly back to the

terminal.
F. ADDITIONAL REMARKS
A copy of the program and documentation may be obtained from the Engineering
Computer Programs Library (ECPL}, WES, telephone number: commercial
(601)634-2581.
FORM
WES 1 JUL 80 2205 REPLACES ENG FORM 2883 WHICH IS OBSOLETE.
PREFACE
This user's guide describes the computer program, "CWALSHT," that can be
used for the design and analysis of cantilever and anchored sheet pile walls
using classical methods. CWALSHT supercedes the computer program called
"CSHTWAL" and is documented in US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
(WES) report IR-K-81-2. Funds for the development of the program and writing
of the user's guide was provided to the Information Technology Laboratory
(ITL), WES, Vicksburg, MS, by the Civil Works Directorate of Headquarters, US
Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), under the Computer-Aided Structural
Engineering (CASE) Project.
Specifications for the program were provided by the members of the CASE
Task Group on Pile Structures and Substructures. The following were members
of the task group during program development:
Mr. James Bigham, Rock Island District (Chairman)
Mr. Richard Chun, Pacific Ocean Division
Mr. Ed Demsky, St. Louis District
Mr. John Jaeger, WES (formerly St. Louis District)
Mr. Phil Napolitano, New Orleans District
Mr. Charles Ruckstuhl, New Orleans District
Mr. Ralph Strom, North Pacific Division
The computer program and user's guide were written by Dr. William P.
Dawkins, P.E., Stillwater, OK, under contract with WES.
The work was managed and coordinated at WES, ITL, by Mr. Reed Mosher,
Computer-Aided Division (CAED), and Mr. H. Wayne Jones, Chief, Scientific and
Engineering Application Center, CAED, under general supervision of Dr. Edward
Middleton, Chief, CAED, Mr. Paul Senter, Assistant Chief, ITL, and
Dr. N. Radhakrishnan, Chief, ITL. Mr. Donald Dressler was the HQUSACE point
of contact for this work.
COL Larry B. Fulton, EN, is the present Commander and Director of WES.
Dr. Robert W. Whalin is Technical Director.
1
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE . . • • . . . . . . • . • • • • • . . . • . . . • . . . • • . . 1
CONVERSION FACTORS, NON-SI TO SI (METRIC)
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT • • 4
PART I: INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • 5
Description of Program • • • • 5
Organization of Report . • . • • 5
PART II: GENERAL WALL/SOIL SYSTEM 6
Sheet Pile Wall • • • . • • • • 6
Anchor • • • • . 6
Soil • . • . . • • • • . • • • 6
Soil Surface • • • • 6
Soil Properties • . 8
Water • • • . • • • • 10
Vertical Surcharge Loads • 10
Vertical Line Loads . • • 10
Distributed Loads . . • • 10
External Horizontal Loads 11
Horizontal Line Loads . • 11
Horizontal Distributed Loads • • 11
Earthquake Effects 11
PART III: LOADS ON WALL 13
Calculation Points • . 13
Soil Pressures . • • • • 13
Pressure Coefficient Method • • • • 14
Pressures by Coefficient Method • • • • 14
Wedge Methods • . . . • • . . . 15
Final Pressures for Wedge Methods 16
Discussion of Soil Pressure Calculation Methods 16
Net Soil Pressures . . . 18
Pressures Due Surcharge Loads 18
Water Pressures . • 19
Design Pressures . . . . . . 20
Horizontal Loads . • • • . . • 21
PART IV: DESIGN/ANALYSIS PROCEDURES • • 22
Factors of Safety • . . . • • 22
Design Procedures • . . . • • • 23
Structural Analysis Procedure 27
PART V: COMPUTER PROGRAM 28
Input Data . . . . 28
Output Data . • . . 28
Graphics Display of Input Data 29
Graphics Display of Design Soil Pressures 30
Graphics Display of Results • • 30
Units and Sign Conventions • • . . . . . 30
2
Page
PART VI: EXAMPLE SOLUTIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32
Cantilever Walls • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32
Anchored Walls • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 79
REFERENCES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . 105
APPENDIX A: GUIDE FOR DATA INPUT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Al
Source of Input . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • Al
Data Editing . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • Al
Input Data File Generation . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • Al
Data Format . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • Al
Sections of Input . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A2
Units . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A2
Predefined Data File • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A2
Sequence of Solutions . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • A3
General Discussion of Input Data . . • • • • • • • • • • • • A3
Input Description . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • A3
Abbreviated Input Guide . . . . . . • • • • • . . . A16
3
CONVERSION FACTORS, NON-S! TO SI (METRIC)
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Non-S! units of measurement used in this report can be converted to SI

(metric) units as follows:
Multiply By To Obtain
degree (angle) 0.01745329 radians
feet 0.3048 metres
inches 2.54 centimetres
pound (force)-feet 1.355818 newton-metres
pound (force)-inches 0.1129848 newton-metres
pounds (force) 4.448222 newtons
pounds (mass) per cubic foot 16.01846 kilograms per cubic metre
pounds (mass) per cubic inch 27,679.905 kilograms per cubic metre
pounds (force) per foot* 14 . 5939 newtons per metre
pounds (force) per inch 175.1268 newtons per metre
pounds (force) per square foot 47.88026 pascals
pounds (force) per square inch 6.894757 kilopascals
square inches 6.4516 square centimetres
* The same conversion factor applies for pounds (force) per linear foot
(PLF).
4
USER'S GUIDE: COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
OF SHEET PILE WALLS BY CLASSICAL METHODS (CWALSHT)
PART I: INTRODUCTION
Description of Program
1. This report describes a computer program called CWALSHT which

performs design and/or analysis of either cantilever or anchored sheet pile
walls. The program uses classical soil mechanics procedures for determining
the required depth of penetration of a new wall or assesses the factors of
safety for an existing wall. Seepage effects are included in a simplified
manner in the program. CWALSHT was developed from specifications provided by
the Computer-Aided Structural Engineering (CASE) Task Group on Sheet Pile
Structures. The program follows as a minimum the procedures outlined in draft
Engineer Manual 1110-2-2906 (Department of the Army 1970).
Organization of Report
2. The remainder of this report is organized as follows:

a. Part II describes the general sheet pile retaining structure and
the soil system to be designed or analyzed by the program.
b. Part III describes the procedures employed in the program for
calculating earth pressures on the wall due to adjacent soil,
unbalanced hydrostatic head, and surcharge loads on the soil
surface.
c. Part IV reviews the methods for determining the required
depth of penetration for each type of wall.
d. Part V describes the computer program.
~. Part VI presents example solutions obtained with the program.
3. The program has been checked within reasonable limits to assure that
the results obtained by it are accurate within the limitations of the proce-
dures employed. However, there may exist unusual situations not anticipated
and thus may cause the program to produce questionable results. It is the
responsibility of the user to judge the validity of the final design of the
system, and no responsibility is assumed for the design of any structure based
on the results of this program.
5
PART II: GENERAL WALL/SOIL SYSTEM
4. The same basic wall/soil system shown in Figure 1 is used for either
anchored or cantilever sheet pile walls. Throughout development of the
program it was assumed that all effects on the wall tend to cause counter-
clockwise rotation of a cantilever wall and clockwise rotation of an anchored
wall. This section presents other assumed characteristics for the various
components of the general system.
Sheet Pile Wall
5. A 1-ft* slice of a straight, uniform wall is used for the

design/analysis process. The wall is assumed to be straight, initially
vertical, linearly elastic, and to have a constant cross section throughout
its depth.
Anchor
6. For anchored walls, a single horizontal anchor may be attached to

the wall at any elevation at or below the top of the wall. The anchor is
assumed to prevent horizontal displacement at the point of attachment.
Soil
7. In subsequent paragraphs, reference is made to the "right" side and

"left" side of the wall. The soil surface on either side must intersect the
wall at or below the top of the wall.
Soil Surface
8. The irregular soil surfaces illustrated in Figure 1 provide for all

variations of soil surface geometry including horizontal or continuous sloping
(either up or down away from the wall).
9. A different layered soil profile is assumed to exist on either side
of the wall. Boundaries between subsurface layers are assumed to be straight
* A table of factors for converting non-S! units of measurement to SI

(metric) units is presented on page 4.
6
Uniform
il i i i i i
Ramp
Triangular
Line
Load
~
strip
Top
of i i i i
Wall
Rightside Surface
Line
Load
'0
Q)
+l
Soil Layer
,
::J 2leet Anchor
,.Q
·.-4 ::ile
~
+l "-all BOund.~
(I)
·.-4 'tS ~ayeJ:
Q n:s
~s
..,
+l
s::
0
N
,..
·.-4 Rightside Water
:<f Lef:.side
Water
--
Soil Layer __/-
-- .. ~
--- Leftside Surfa=e

Lay
e.r Bou ndary
~ Soil Layer ~
Soil Layer
~ Soil Layer ___;;-
Figure 1. General wall/soil system
7
lines and may slope up or down away from the wall on either side. Sloping
boundaries must not intersect below the soil surface. Layers are assumed to
extend ad infinitum away from the wall, and the lowest layer described on
either side is assumed to extend ad infinitum downward.
Soil Properties
10. Each soil layer is assumed to be homogeneous. Properties required

for each layer are:
a. Soil saturated unit weight--~sat: The program determines the
buoyant unit weight for submerged soil according to
~' - ~sat - ~we
where
~, - buoyant unit · weight
~we = effective unit weight of water (see paragraph 40,
Part III).
b. Soil moist unit weight--~mst: The moist unit weight is used
for all soil above the water surface.
c. Actual angle of internal friction--¢: The program determines
the effective angle of internal friction according to
¢eff - tan- l [ (tan ¢) /FS]
where FS is the given or calculated factor of safety.

d. Actual cohesion--c: The program determines the effective
cohesion from
ceff - cjFS
~. Effective angle of wall friction--S: The program does not

alter the angle of wall friction. See Figure 2 for assumed
positive wall friction angle .
f. Effective wall/soil adhesion--a: The program does not alter
the adhesion. See Figure 2 for assumed positive direction of
the adhesion force.
8
. - - Surcha r ges
Soi I Surfa ce
IJa II
I Ll
Lttye r I
I
I
hi I
I
L2 I L2
h2
'
I
Trial Failure Plane
L3
h3
- - Ca I cu I a t i on po i n t
a. Tria l fa ilure wedge
t /.tq4
Laye r I I I'u
I I
I p
n P. I
I• ~
L2 1_
I
_ _ __ I
I
Li
« I
I e
I
LJ
J:f:I
b. Wall slice c. Interior slice d. Terminal s lice
F i gure 2 . Sweep search wed ge meth od
9
Water
11. The following effects due to water are considered:

~· Static water. Horizontal pressures due to hydrostatic head are
applied on either side of the wall. Static water surfaces may
be at any elevation. When the water surface is above the top
of the wall, a drop structure is assumed, and only the trape-
zoidal pressure distribution below the top of the wall is used.
b. Seepage effects. Seepage effects alter static water pressures
and the submerged weight of the soil. The approximations used
to account for seepage are discussed in paragraphs 40 and 41.
When seepage is present, the water surface on the right side
must be above that on the left side.
£. Earthquake effects. Earthquake effects alter hydrostatic
pressures only on the right side above the ground surface (see
paragraphs 18 and 19) .
Vertical Surcharge Loads
12. Surcharge loads may be applied to the soil surface on either side
of the wall. Five types of surcharge loads are illustrated in Figure 1 .
Vertical Line Loads
13. Vertical line loads are assumed to extend horizontally parallel to

the axis of the wall and to act on the soil surface. The program accommodates
21 line loads at any location on the surface on either side of the wall.
Distributed Loads
14. Four distributed load variations permitted by the program are shown
in Figure 1. A general distributed load may also be described by a sequence
of distances and load intensities. Only one distributed load on each side is
permitted in the design/analysis of a particular wall description. All
distributed loads are assumed to extend horizontally parallel to the wall.
Distributed loads are interpreted as acting on the horizontal projection of
the soil surface. A uniform surcharge is assumed to extend ad infinitum away
from the wall. A ramp load is assumed to extend ad infinitum away from the
wall beginning at the terminus of the ramp.
10
External Horizontal Loads
15. Two types of external horizontal loads in addition to other soil

and water loads may be applied to the wall. Horizontal loads acting to the
left are positive.
Horizontal Line Loads
16. The program permits up to 21 line loads (positive or negative) to

be applied directly to the wall at any location at or below the top of the
wall.
Horizontal Distributed Loads
17. A single general horizontal load distribution described by eleva-

tions and load values for a maximum of 21 points may be applied to the wall.
Earthquake Effects
18. Earthquake effects are assumed to increase the tendency toward

rotation of the wall. Earthquake effects on soil pressures are simulated in
the program by altering the soil unit weight on each side of the wall as
follows:
Right side: 'Yeff- -y(l +a) - 'Ywe
Left side: 'Yeff - -y(l - a) - 'Ywe
where a is earthquake acceleration expressed as a fraction of the accelera-

tion of gravity.
19. Earthquake effects on water pressures above the rightside soil
surface are included by application of an additional pressure distribution
extending from the rightside water surface to the rightside soil according to
11
where
ce = 51/"1- 0.72 (h/1000) 2
h = distance from rightside water surface to rightside soil surface
y = distance below rightside water surface
12
PART III: LOADS ON WALL
20. Horizontal loads are imposed on the structure by the surrounding

soil, surface surcharge loads, water pressures, or horizontal loads applied
directly to the wall. The following paragraphs describe the procedures used
in the program for determining the resultant horizontal pressure distributions
and wall/soil adhesion is zero in all soil layers.
Calculation Points
21. Locations at which force magnitudes and wall response are calcu-
lated are initially located at the following points:
a. At 1-ft intervals starting at the top of the sheet pile.
b. At the intersections of the surface and/or layer boundaries on
either side with the wall axis.
c. At the point of application of each horizontal line load and at
each elevation point of a horizontal load distribution.
d. At the location of the water surface on either side of the
wall.
~. At the anchor elevation for anchored walls.
f. At other locations to establish the resultant force or pressure
distribution as necessary for each design procedure.
Soil Pres s ures
22. Three methods (a coefficient method and two "wedge" methods) are
available in the program to establish the design pressure distributions.
Inherent in each method is the asstmption that the wall displaces suffic i ently
to produce a fully plastic state in the s oil on either side of the wall. This
assumption results in full values of active and passive earth pressure at
every point regardless of actual displacement . The program determines whe ther
the coefficient method or a wedge method is to be used for soil pressure
calculations. A different method may be used for each side of the wall.
Pressure Coe fficient Me thod
23. Coulomb earth pressure coefficients relating horizontal pressure to

vertical pressure are used when the soil surface is horizontal and all l ay e r
boundaries are horizontal.
13
Pressures by Coefficient Method
24. Soil pressures are calculated as follows:

a. The vertical pressure Pv at each point is calculated using
the effective soil-unit weight (including submergence and/or
earthquake effects) for the soil above that point and any
uniform surcharge.
b. The Coulomb earth pressure coefficients are:
(1) Active pressure coefficient
2
COS ¢eff 1
•
sin (¢eff + o) sin (¢eff) cos 0
1 +
cos 0
(2) Passive pressure coefficient
2
COS ¢eff 1
~ -
• •
s1n (¢eff + 0 ) s1n ( ¢eff.)
•
cos 0
1 -
cos 0
where
~ eff
'+' - effective angle of internal friction
6 = angle of wall friction (may be positive or
negative).
£. Horizontal earth pressures are calculated from:
(1) Active pressures
PAh - ( KA Pv - 2ceff JK;.) • cos 6
(2) Passive pressures
PPh = (~ Pv + 2ceff JK;) • cos 6
d. When a change in either ¢eff or ceff occurs at a layer

boundary, dual pressure values are calculated using the soil
properties above and below the boundary.
14
Wedge Methods
25. For all cases involving a sloping or irregular soil surface and/or
sloping subsurface layer boundaries, one of the wedge methods described is
used. The user is prompted by the program to select the method.
Sweep search wedge method
26. A continuous failure plane is assumed to emanate from each calcula-
tion point described in paragraph 21 to its intersection with the ground
surface as shown in Figure 2a. The total trial wedge is then subdivided by
vertical planes into slices as shown in Figures 2b,c,d. The location of the
vertical plane is established by the intersection of the continuous trial
failure plane with each succeeding layer boundary. The intermediate vertical
slice surfaces are assumed to be free of shear stresses . Friction and
cohesion forces along the base of each intermediate slice are evaluated from
the soil properties of the bottom layer in the slice.
27. Equilibrium of horizontal and vertical forces for each slice except
the wall slice results in
W1 (1 + tan ~i tan 0) + C1 sec 0

tan ~i + tan 0
where
P1 , P1 _1 = normal forces on left and rightside vertical surfaces of the
slice, respectively
W1 - weight of the slice, inc luding
~i - effective internal friction angle of the soil at the
bottom of the slice
c.1 = effective cohe sion of the soil at the bottom of the slice
multiplied by the l ength of the bottom surf~ce
The upper signs correspond to active conditions, and the lower signs corre -
spond to passive conditions.
28. Equilibrium analysis of the wall slice results in
+ sin Oav (sin 0 + tan · ~w cos 0 )
cos 6av - (cos 0 + tan ~w s in 0)
15
where
6av - Lhj6j/Lhj = average wall friction angle
PA/P = active force (upper signs) or passive force (lower signs) for
this trial wedge
Ww = weight of wall slice including surcharge loads
Cw = effective cohesion of the soil at the bottom of the wall slice
multiplied by the length of the bottom surface
Fa ... Lb.a .
J J
= wall/soil adhesion force
Nw - normal force on bottom of wall slice
pn - normal force on vertical plane
29. The angle of inclination 9 of the trial wedge is increased in
2-deg increments until the maximum active force and minimum passive force for
that calculation point are determined . In some systems having downward
sloping surfaces, maximum active and minimum passive forces may not be
achieved before the trial failure plane no longer intersects the soil surface.
When this situation is encountered, a warning is printed and the active and/or
passive force for the last trial plane is used for that point.
Fixed surface wedge method
30. The fixed surface wedge method assumes that the angle of inclina-
tion of the failure plane within each soil layer is a function of the angle of
internal friction of the soil in the layer. This assumption results in a
single fixed broken failure surface as is illustrated in Figure 3.
31. When the fixed surface for a calculation point has been estab-
lished, the total wedge is subdivided into slices as indicated by the dashed
lines in Figure 3. The determination of active and passive forces on the wall
proceeds as described for the sweep search method.
Final Pressures for Wedge Methods
32. For either wedge method it is assumed that the difference between
active or passive forces for two adjacent calculation points is the resultant
of a linear pressure distribution between the two points.
Discussion of Soil Pressure Calculation Methods
33. The computer program determines from the input data whether the
coefficient method may be used or whether a wedge method is required for
16
--So i 1 surface
I
Layer 1
Wall I I
I I
I I
Active: itS - 4> 1/2
/
Passive: itS+ 4>/2
L2
surface
L3 Active: itS - 4> 2/2

Passive: 4S + 4>2/2
Active: 4S- 4> 12

3
Passive: ItS + 4> 12
3
~---Calculation point
Figure 3. Fixed surface wedge method
evaluation of soil pressures. If a wedge method is required, the user is

prompted to select either the sweep search or the fixed surface method. The
program can be forced to use a wedge method where the coefficient method would
ordinarily apply by specifying more than one point on the soil surface on
either side (see Appendix A, Guide for Data Input).
34. For a homogeneous soil system with a horizontal soil surface and no
surcharge loads, the three pressure calculation methods produce identical
pressure distributions. For layered soil profiles with horizontal layer
boundaries, horizontal surfaces and no surcharge loads, the three methods
yield essentially the same pressure distributions. The significant differ-
ences occur at layer boundaries where the coefficient method may produce
discontinuities in pressures while the wedge methods result in a single
average pressure at the boundary. Discontinuities arising from the coeffi-
cient method are removed from the net pressures by using the average of the
two pressure values at the discontinuity.
35 . For all soil profiles without sev e re variations in soil layer
strengths and with essentially horizontal surfaces, the two wedge methods
produce comparable soil pressures. Although both methods overestimate pas s ive
pressures, the sweep search method 1s more consistent with the principles used
in the development of the coefficient method. For systems with steep surfac e
17
slopes, the fixed surface wedge method underestimates active pressures for
upward sloping surfaces and overestimates passive pressures for downward ·
sloping surfaces as compared to the pressures produced by the sweep search
method. The degree of under- or overestimation increases as the surface slope
increases.
36. The sweep search method always seeks the maximum active condition
and minimum passive condition. It may not be possible for the sweep search
method to arrive at the desired extreme condition if the soil surface is
grossly irregular. The user is warned when this condition is encountered. In
systems with interspersed strong and weak layers, the sweep search method may
arrive at an active and/or passive force at one calculation point which is
significantly lower than the corresponding force at the next higher point .
Conversion of active/passive forces to pressures in this case may result in
"negative" pressures in the interval and the resulting pressure distribution
is questionable (see Example CANT2, paragraphs 80 and 81).
Net Soil Pressures
37. Four separate soil pressure distributions are determined by the

methods just described.
a. Active pressure for the rightside soil .
b. Passive pressure for the rightside soil.
c. Active pressure for the leftside soil.
d. Passive pressure for the leftside soil.
All calculated negative active pressures are set to zero.
Pressures Due to Surcharge Loads
38 . The effects of surcharge loads on the rightside surface are

included in the weight of the failure wedge, and no additional computations
for surcharge loads are required when soil pressures are determined by a wedge
method.
39. When the coefficient method is used to determine soil pressures,
the additional horizontal pressures on the wall due to strip, ramp, triangu-
lar, and varying surcharge loads are calculated from the theory of elasticity
equations shown in Figure 4. A uniform surcharge is added directly to the
vertical soil pressure as indicated in paragraph 24.
18
p
m > 0. 4
aH - 4P [
;H
m2n
(m2 + n2) 21
OH m - - oH - ;. [f3 - sinS cos2a)
-< 0.4
p 0.203n
a
H
= -H
(O.l6+n2)2
a. Line l oad b. Strip l oad
b
I
Q
N N
R2
[aS + xa + 2z Log - ] _ Q [x + a + b - x
OH - - -a
B
eR Tr a b
1
2z R2 2z R2
+-Log - + - L og - J
a e R1 b e R3
c. Ramp l oad d. Tr i angular load
Figure 4. Theory of elasticity equations fo r pressures

on wa l l due to surch arge loads
Water Pressures
40. In addition to earthquake effects (paragraphs 18 and 19), hydro-

static pressures may be altered by seepage. When seepage effects are in-
clude d , t h e excess hydrostatic head is assumed to be diss i pated by vertical
flow downward on the r i ght side and upward on the left side . The flow
gradient i (FT/FT) is assumed to be constant at all points i n the soil on
e i ther side . Under t h is assumption, the effect of seepage is to alter the
effective unit weigh t of water in the region of f l ow to
Righ t side: ~we - ~w (1 - i)

Left side: ~we = ~w (1 + i)
19
41. The user may elect to omit seepage effects, to specify the seepage
gradient i , or to allow the program to automatically adjust the seepage
•
gradient. If seepage is omitted, the net water pressure distribution shown in
Figure Sa is applied. For "automatic" seepage, the program adjusts the
seepage gradient i , so that the point at which excess head is dissipated
(i.e., the net water pressure becomes zero, Figure Sb) coincides with the
bottom of the wall. Because the determination of design penetration is an
iterative process, selecting the automatic seepage option may significantly
increase the computer costs for a solution, particularly for systems in which
a wedge method is required for soil pressures. When a seepage gradient is
specified by the user, the point at which excess head is dissipated may not
coincide with the bottom of the wall.
-- --
-- --
Lefts ide
Surface ,... ___. Leftside
Surface
Bottom of Wall _ __,.~ Bottom of \'lall _ _.
a. Net water pressure b. Net water pressure

without seepage with seepage
Figure 5. Pressure distributions for unbalanced hydrostatic head
Design Pressures
42. The following combinations of all applicable loading effects are

used for the final design:
20
Net Active Pressure - Rightside Soil Active Pressure - Leftside
Soil Passive Pressure + Surcharge Pressure +
Water Pressure + Distributed External
Horizontal Pressure.
Net Passive Pressure - Rightside Soil Passive Pressure - Leftside
Soil Active Pressure + Surcharge Pressure
+ Distributed External Horizontal Pressure
+Water Pressure.
Horizontal Loads
43. Horizontal line and distributed loads are applied directly to the
wall. Depending on their sense (positive to the left) and point of applica-
tion, horizontal loads may have either a stabilizing or disturbing effect on
the wall.
21
PART IV: DESIGN/ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
44. The program provides two modes of operation. In the "Design" mode,
the required depth of wall penetration is determined for input soil strengths,
geometry, loading, and factor(s) of safety. Iterative solutions are performed
in which wall penetration is varied until conditions of equilibrium and other
assumptions are satisfied. In the "Analysis" mode, a safety factor for input
strengths, geometry, loading, and prescribed penetration is determined. In
the Analysis mode, a succession of design calculations is performed in which
the factor of safety is adjusted until consistent factor of safety and
effective soil strength properties yield a design penetration equal to the
input value. In unusual layered systems, in which a wedge method is used for
soil pressures, it is possible for minuscule changes in the factor of safety
to produce a large change in required penetration, indicating a discontinuity
in the relationship between factor of safety and penetration. When this
condition is encountered, a solution for a unique factor of safety is impossi-
ble and the process is terminated.
45. In either the Design or Analysis mode, a structural analysis is
performed to determine bending moments and shears in the wall at the locations
of the calculation points. Relative deflections (i.e., the deflected shape of
the wall) are calculated for both modes of operation. Because the pile moment
of inertia is not known a priori in a design situation, the deflections of the
wall in the Design mode are determined for wall modulus of elasticity and
moment of inertia which are both equal to one. Because the wall is assumed to
be a linear system for structural analysis, the "scaled" deflections reported
from the Design mode may be converted to actual relative deflections by
dividing by the product of modulus of elasticity and wall moment of inertia
after these parameters have been selected by the designer.
Factors of Safety
46. In the Design mode, active and passive factors of safety are
applied to the soil shear strength in each layer on each side of the wall
according to three "levels" of input values. Level 1 active and passive
factors of safety apply initially to all soil layers on both sides of the
wall. Level 2 active and passive factors of safety apply initially to all
soil layers on each side of the wall. Level 3 active and passive factors of
22
safety are specified for an individual soil layer. Each level of factors of
safety may default to the preceding level. Unless defaulted, any specified
value of factor of safety overrides the value specified by the preceding
level. The user is allowed complete flexibility for applying factors of
safety ranging from a single value to be applied to both active and passive
pressures for all soil layers to specification of separate active and passive
factors of safety for each individual soil layer.
47. Because the sheet pile wall problem has only "one degree of
freedom," i.e., the depth of penetration in the Design mode, only one value
can be determined for a factor of safety in the Analysis mode. Two options
are available for assessment of the factor of safety. If the user specifies
the active factor of safety at the three levels described for the Design mode,
a single passive factor of safety applied to all soil layers is determined.
As an alternative, the user may elect to have the same factor of safety apply
to both active and passive effects.
Design Procedures
48. One procedure for cantilever wall design and three procedures for
anchored wall design are incorporated in the program. These methods are
described in detail by Bowles (1977), Department of the Army (1970),
Richart (1960), Terzaghi (1943), and United States Steel Corporation (1974).
The essential features of each method are summarized in the following
paragraphs.
Cantilever wall design
49. The assumptions employed in the conventional design procedure are:
a. The wall rotates counterclockwise as a rigid body about a point
somewhere in its embedded depth.
Q. Due to the rotation, full active and passive earth pressures
are developed on either side.
£. The wall derives its support from passive pressures on each
side.
SO. Typical simplified pressure distributions arising from the above
assumptions are shown in Figure 6. A final design is achieved when values of
penetration d and depth z of the transition point produce a pressure
distribution for which the sum of moments about any point on the wall and the
sum of horizontal forces are simultaneously equal to zero.
23
'
Upper Zero
Pressure
Design Upper Zero

Pressure Pressure
N
Net \
N Design ~
Passive _,.,.., Pressure 1
ttl Net ttl
Pressure \ Passive I
/ //
~Active
Net ;;~::i---~~ \, Pressure~
I
Pressure
a. Homogeneous granular subsoil b. Homogeneous cohesive subsoil

Figure 6. Design pressure distributions for cantilever walls
51. The process used in the program to determine the required penetra -
tion is as follows. Starting at the first calculation point below the upper
zero pressure point (Figure 5), the bottom of the wall (i . e . , penetration d)
is moved progressively downward until values of d and z are found which
produce a horizontal resultant force equal to zero. The resultant moment is
then calculated. When a reversal in resultant moment is found , the depth of
penetration is adjusted between the last two calculation points until the
resultant moment is less than a prescribed minimum tolerance.
52. In the structural analysis cantilever walls, following the design
for required penetration or analysis for factor of safety, the bending
moments, shears, and relative (or scaled) deflections are calculated under the
assumption that the wall is a cantilever beam supported at the wall bottom and
subjected to the final net pressures and other external loads.
Anchored wall design
53. Three conventional procedures are incorporated in the program for
design or analysis of anchored walls. A design or analysis is obtained and
reported for each of the methods.
54. In the conventional procedures it is assumed that the motion of the
wall will be sufficient to produce full active and passive pressures at every
point. In all methods for anchored wall design, the anchor is assumed to
prevent any lateral motion of the wall at the point of attachment but not to
24
inhibit wall rotation (i.e., to be a "pinned" support). It is further assumed
that the loading effects tend to cause clockwise rotation of the wall about
the anchor.
55. Free earth method. In this method the design penetration d
(Figure 7) is established by lowering the bottom of the wall until the sum of
moments of all forces about the anchor is equal to zero. The anchor force is
then equal to the sum of all horizontal loads.
Anchor
Anchor
Net
t-~-Active
Pressure
Wall Bottom
a. Design pressure b. Supports for struc-
ural analysis
Figure 7. Anchored wall design by free earth method
56. In the structural analysis for the free earth method, bending
moments, shears, and deflections are calculated by treating the wall as a beam
with simple (unyielding) supports at the anchor and at the wall bottom
(Figure 7b). The assumed bottom support has no influence on bending moments
and shears and only affects the relative (scaled) deflection values.
57. Equivalent beam method. The fundamental assumption for this method
is that the wall is embedded to a depth which produces a point of inflection
in the deflected shape at some point below the leftside surface. The program
assumes the point of inflection occurs at the first point of zero net active
pressure at or below the leftside surface (Figures Ba and b). For design, the
portion of the wall above the point of zero pressure (Figure Be) is treated as
a beam on simple supports located at the anchor and at the point of zero
pressure. The upper simple beam reaction is equal to the anchor force. The
design penetration (i.e., distance y shown in Figure Be) is determined by
lowering the bottom of the wall until the net active soil pressure below the
zero pressure point and the lower simple beam reaction R (Figure Be) produce
a zero resultant moment about the wall bottom. (Refer to draft EM 1110-2-2906
25
Anchor Deflected Anchor Anchor
Deflected / /
/ Wall)/
Wall\/
/ I
I I
I Net
Active I Net
I Pressure \ Active
\ Assumed \ Pressure
(POI)
!'-.)
0'\
\
\
Zero
Pressure
• R Zero
Pressure
R Point
Assumed ~ Point
Point of Zero
Pressure
Inflection Point Net
(POI) Active
Pressure
-----~....t - - - c & - - - - L - -.......-~c

a. Granular subsoil b. Cohesive subsoil c. Equivalent beam
Figure 8. Anchored wall design by equivalent beam method

(Department of the Army 1970) for additional information on the equivalent
beam method.)
58. In the structural analysis for the equivalent beam method, bending
moments, shears, and deflections are determined from a beam analysis of the
wall with simple supports at the anchor and at the zero pressure point.
59. Fixed earth (Terzaghi 1943) me thod . The wall is subjected to net
active pressure (Figure 9a) and is analyzed as a beam on simple supports at
the anchor and at the wall bottom (Figure 9b). Design penetration is deter-
mined when the tangent to the deflected wall at the bottom is vertical.
60. No additional structural analysis for this method is necessary
since bending moments, shears, and deflections are calculated during deter-
mination of design penetration.
Structural Analysis Procedure
61 . A one-dimensional finite eleme nt procedure (Dawkins 1982) for

linearly elastic prismatic beams is u sed to perform the structural analysis of
each type of wall. The nodes of the finite element model are located at the
calculation points described previously and supports are applied as described
for each design method.
Anchor Anchor
Deflected
Wall
Net
Active
Pressure
Wall Bottom
Vertical
'--- Tangent
a. De si gn pr essure b. Supp orts f or design

and analysi s
Figure 9. Anchored wa ll de sign by fixed earth
(Terzagh i 1 943 ) me thod
27
PART V: COMPUTER PROGRAM
62. The computer program, CWALSHT, which implements the procedures

described in paragraphs 48 through 61, is written in the FORTRAN language for
interactive operations from a remote terminal. All arithmetic operations are
performed in single precision. For computer systems employing fewer than 15
significant figures for real numbers, it may be necessary to perform some
operations in double precision.
Input Data
63. Input data may be provided interactively either from the user's
terminal or from a previously prepared data file. When data are input from
the terminal during execution, the program provides prompting messages to
indicate the type and amount of input data to be entered. The characteristics . I
of a previously prepared data file are described in the Guide for Data Input
contained in Appendix A.
64. Whenever an input sequence is completed, either from a data file or
from the user's terminal, the program provides an opportunity to change any or
all parts of the input data in an editing mode.
65. Whenever any input data are entered from the user's terminal, the
program provides for saving the existing input data in a permanent file.
Output Data
66. The user has several options regarding the amount and destination
of the output from the program. The four basic parts of the output and user
option pertaining to each part are described in paragraphs 67 through 70.
Each part may be directed to the user's terminal, to an output file, or to
both simultaneously.
Echoprint of input data
67. A complete tabulation of all input data as read from the user
terminal or from an input file. The user may elect to omit the echoprint.
Soil pressures for design
68. A tabulation of the active and passive pressures on each side of
the wall and the combined net active (and net passive, if required) pressure
down to a depth equal to three times the exposed height of the wall. If the
28
"automatic" seepage opt1· on has been se 1 ec t e d , t h ese pressures correspond to
the initial trial seepage gradient. This section of the output is not
available in the Analysis mode. Also, this section of the output may be
omitted.
Summary of results
69. A tabulation of design penetration from the Design mode or the
factor of safety from the Analysis mode with maximum bending moment and
deflection for a cantilever wall; or a tabulation of design penetration or
factor of safety, maximum bending moment and deflection, and anchor force for
each method for an anchored wall. This summary may be directed to an output
file, to the user's terminal, or both.
Complete results
70. A complete tabulation of the elevation, bending moment, shear
force, deflection, and final net pressure at each calculation point on the
wall. Whenever dual values exist at a single point (e.g., discontinuities in
soil pressures in stratified soils or sudden changes in shear at the anchor or
at points of application of horizontal line loads), two lines of results
appear for that point giving the values immediately above and below the
discontinuity. The user may omit this section of the output, direct it to the
terminal, or write it to the output file containing the summary of results.
For anchored walls the user may elect to output the complete tabulation of
results for any or all of the design methods exercised. The final soil
pressures associated with the Analysis or Design may be included as a part of
this section or may be omitted.
Graphics Display of Input Data
71. Portrayal of input data may consist of three parts:

g. Input geometry. A plot of all structure, soil profile, and
water elevations including a summary of soil layer properties.
The user is allowed to select vertical and horizontal limits
for the display. Unless the limits provided define a square
area, this plot of the geometry of the system will be
distorted.
b. Input surface surcharges. A schematic displaying all surcharge
loads applied to the soil surface on each side of the wall if
surcharges are present.
c. Input horizontal loads. A schematic of concentrated horizontal
line loads and horizontal distributed loads applied to the wall
if horizontal loads are present.
29
Graphics Display of Design Soil Pressures
72. Two plots of (initial) Design soil pressures are available for
elevations from the top of the wall down to a depth equal to three times the
exposed height of the wall:
a. Net active (and passive, if necessary) soil pressures.
b. Active and passive pressures on each side of the wall.
Graphics Display of Results
73. Five plots of results are available consisting of: bending

moments, shear forces, (scaled) deflections, net pressures, and (optional)
final active and passive soil pressures on each side of the wall.
Units and Sign Conventions
74. Units and sign conventions for forces and displacements used for
calculations and output of results are shown in Table 1.
30
Table 1
Units and Sign Conventions
Item Unit Sign Convention

Horizontal distances FT Always positive
Elevations FT Positive or negative
decreasing downward
Modulus of elasticity PSI
Wall moment of inertia IN. 4
Soil unit weight PCF
Angle of internal friction DEG
Cohesion PSF
Angle of wall friction DEG Positive or negative
Horizontal line loads PLF Positive to left
Horizontal applied pressures PSF Positive to left
Vertical line surcharges PLF Positive downward
Strip, ramp, triangular, variable PSF Positive downward
or uniform surcharges
Water unit weight PCF
Earthquake acceleration G's Always positive
Pressures PSF Positive to left
Bending moment LB-FT/FT Positive if produces com-
pression on left side of
wall
Shear force LB/FT Positive acts to left on
top end of vertical wall
section
Deflection IN. Positive to left
"Scaled" deflection LB- IN. 3 Positive to left
Anchor force LB/FT Always tension
31
PART VI: EXAMPLE SOLUTIONS
75. Numerous wall/soil systems have been investigated to test and

verify the computational processes used in the program. The example solutions
presented below are intended to illustrate the operation of the program and
are not to be interpreted as recommendations for its application.
Cantilever Walls
Example CANTl
76. The cantilever retaining wall shown in Figure 10 was designed for a
factor of safety of 1.5 for both active and passive effects. Initiation of
EL
+20
Ysat -
Ymst - 11 0 PCF
~ = 30°
c - 0
6 - 17°
+10
-- --
Ysat - Ymst - 122.5 PCF
yw - 62.5 PCF q, - 30°
c = 0
0 6 - 17°
y
sa t = y ms t = 122. 5 PCF
<P = 30 °
c=O
6= 17°
-15
Figure 10. System for Example CANTl
the program and entry of input data from the terminal are shown in Figure 11.
An echoprint of input data is given in Figure 12. The data entered from the
terminal were saved in the input file format. The input file generated by the
program is shown in Figure 13. A plot of the structure geometry is presented
in Figure 14. Soil pressures to be used in the design are tabulated in
Figure 15 and shown graphically in Figure 16. Note that the user may
discontinue the solution after input data have been echoprinted and/or plotted
and after the design soil pressures have been printed and/or plotted. If the
32
PROGRAM CWALSHT-DESIGN/ANALYSIS OF ANCHORED OR CANTILEVER SHEET PILE WALLS
BY CLASSICAL METHODS
DATE: 08/21/89
TIME: 1:18:09
ARE INPUT DATA TO BE READ FROM YOUR TERMINAL OR A FILE?

ENTER 'TERMINAL' OR 'FILE'.
? t
ENTER NUMBER OF HEADING LINES (1 TO 4).
? 2
ENTER 2 HEADING LINE(S).
? cantilever retaining wall in granular soil
? design for fs = 1.5 on both active and passive
ENTER WALL TYPE: 'CANTILEVER' OR 'ANCHORED'.
? c
ENTER MODE: 'DESIGN' OR 'ANALYSIS'.
? d
ENTER LEVEL 1 FACTORS OF SAFETY FOR DESIGN FOR
ACTIVE PRESSURE PASSIVE PRESSURE
? 1.5 1.5
ENTER ELEVATION AT TOP OF WALL (FT).
? 20
ENTER NUMBER OF RIGHTSIDE SURFACE POINTS (1 TO 21).
? 1
ENTER 1 RIGHTSIDE SURFACE POINTS, ONE POINT AT A TIME.
DISTANCE FROM ELEVATION
WALL (FT) (FT)
? 0 20
ARE LEFTSIDE AND RIGHTSIDE SURFACES SYMMETRIC?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
? n
ENTER NUMBER OF LEFTSIDE SURFACE POINTS (1 TO 21).
? 1
ENTER 1 LEFTSIDE SURFACE POINTS, ONE POINT AT A TIME.
DISTANCE FROM ELEVATION
WALL (FT) (FT)
? 0 0
ARE SOIL STRENGTHS OR ACTIVE AND PASSIVE COEFFICIENTS TO BE
PROVIDED FOR RIGHTSIDE SOIL?
ENTER 'STRENGTHS' OR 'COEFFICIENTS'.
? s
ENTER LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR RIGHTSIDE SOIL ACTIVE PRESSURES.
ENTER 'DEFAULT' IF LEVEL 1 FACTOR APPLIES.
? d
ENTER LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR RIGHTSIDE SOIL PASSIVE PRESSURES.
? d
ENTER NUMBER OF RIGHTSIDE SOIL LAVERS (1 TO 15).
? 2
Figure 11. Terminal input for Example CANT! (Sheet 1 of 3)
33
ENTER DATA FOR 2 RIGHTSIDE SOIL LAYERS, ONE LINE PER LAYER.
(OMIT LAVER BOTTOM ELEVATION AND SLOPE FOR LAST LAYER.)
(ENTER 'DEFAULT' FOR EITHER FACTOR OF SAFETY IF LEVEL 2 FACTOR APPLIES.)
(OMIT PASSIVE FACTOR OF SAFETY IF MODE IS ANALYSIS.) •
ANGLE OF ANGLE OF WALL <-FACTOR OF->

SAT. MOIST INTERNAL COH- WALL ADH- <--BOTTOM--> <---SAFETY-->
WGHT. WGHT. FRICTION ESION FRICTION ESION ELEV. SLOPE ACT. PASS.
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG) (PSF) (FT) (FT /FT)
? 110 110 30 0 17 0 10 0
? 122.5 122.5 30 0 17 0
ARE LEFTSIDE AND RIGHTSIDE SOIL LAYER DATA SYMMETRIC?
? n
ARE SOIL STRENGTHS OR ACTIVE AND PASSIVE COEFFICIENTS TO BE
PROVIDED FOR LEFTSIDE SOIL?
ENTER 'STRENGTHS' OR 'COEFFICIENTS'.
? s
ENTER LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR LEFTSIDE SOIL ACTIVE PRESSURES.
? d
ENTER LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR LEFTSIDE SOIL PASSIVE PRESSURES.
? d
ENTER NUMBER OF LEFTSIDE SOIL LAYERS (1 TO 15).
? 1
ENTER DATA FOR 1 LEFTSIDE SOIL LAYERS, ONE LINE PER LAYER.
(OMIT LAYER BOTTOM ELEVATION AND SLOPE FOR LAST LAYER.)
(ENTER 'DEFAULT' FOR EITHER FACTOR OF SAFETY IF LEVEL 2 FACTOR APPLIES.)
(OMIT PASSIVE FACTOR OF SAFETY IF MODE IS ANALYSIS.)
ANGLE OF ANGLE OF WALL <-FACTOR OF->
SAT. MOIST INTERNAL COH- WALL ADH- <--BOTTOM--> <---SAFETY-->
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG) (PSF) (FT) (FT/FT)
? 122.5 122.5 30 0 17 0
ARE WATER DATA TO BE PROVIDED? ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
? y
ARE WATER DATA TO BE PROVIDED BY ELEVATIONS OR A PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION?
ENTER 'ELEVATIONS' OR 'PRESSURES'.
? e
ENTER WATER DATA AS INDICATED.
WATER <--WATER ELEVATION-->
UNIT WEIGHT RIGHTSIDE LEFTSIDE
(PCF) (FT) (FT)
? 62.5 10 10
ARE SURFACE LOADS TO BE APPLIED ON EITHER SIDE?
? n
ENTER EARTHQUAKE ACCELERATION (0.0 .LE. EQACC .LT. 1.0 G'S).
? 0
ENTER NUMBER OF HORIZONTAL LINE LOADS (0 TO 21).
? 0
ENTER NUMBER OF POINTS FOR HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTED LOAD DISTRIBUTION
( 0 OR 2 TO 21 ) .
? 0
Figure 11. (Sheet 2 of 3)
34
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT INPUT DATA ECHOPRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO A FJLE TO nnrH OR NEITHER?
? f ENTER TERMINAL', 'FILE', BOTH', OR 'NEITHER'.
ENTER OUTPUT FILE NAME (6 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM).
? cant1o
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT TO EDIT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO •
? n
00 YOU WANT INPUT DATA SAVED IN A FILE?
? y
ENTER FILE NAME FOR SAVING INPUT DATA (6 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM).
? cant11
00 YOU WANT TO PLOT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO .
? n
00 YOU WANT TO CONTINUE WITH THE SOLUTION?
? y
00 YOU WANT A LISTING OF SOIL PRESSURES
BEFORE CONTINUING WITH THE DESIGN?
? y
00 YOU WANT SOIL PRESSURES PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE 'CANT10', OR BOTH?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', OR 'BOTH'.
? f
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT SOIL PRESSURES?
? n
DO YOU WANT TO CONTINUE WITH THE SOLUTION?
? y
SOLUTION COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT RESULTS PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FIL~ 'CANT10' QR BOTH?
ENTER TTERMINAL': FILE , OR 'BOTH'.
? f
00 YOU WANT COMPLETE RESULTS OUTPUT?
? y DO YOU WANT RESULTS TO INCLUDE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
EARTH PRESSURES ON EACH SIDE OF THE WALL?
? n
OUTPUT COMPLETE.
? n
INPUT DATA ENTERED FROM TERMINAL.

LAST INPUT DATA SAVED IN FILE 'CANT1I'.
OUTPUT SAVED IN FILE 'CANT10' .
DO YOU WANT TO MAKE ANOTHER RUN?

ENTER 'YES ' OR 'NO'.
? n
********** NORMAL TERMINATION **********

35
PROGRAM CWALSHT-OESIGN/ANALYSIS OF ANCHORED OR CANTILEVER SHEET PILE WALLS
DATE: 08/21/89 TIME: 13:23:03
****************
* INPUT DATA *
****************
I.--HEADING:
'CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL IN GRANULAR SOIL
'DESIGN FOR FS: 1.5 ON BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
!I.--CONTROL
CANTILEVER WALL DESIGN
LEVEL 1 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES : 1.50
LEVEL 1 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR PASSIVE PRESSURES= 1.50
III.--WALL DATA
ELEVATION AT TOP OF WALL - 20.00 (FT)
IV.--SURFACE POINT DATA
IV.A--RIGHTSIDE
DIST. FROM ELEVATION
WALL (FT) (FT)
0.00 20.00
IV.B-- LEFTSIDE
WALL (FT) (FT)
0.00 0.00
V.--SOIL LAYER DATA
V.A.--RIGHTSIDE LAYER DATA
LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES : DEFAULT
LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR PASSIVE PRESSURES = DEFAULT
ANGLE OF ANGLE OF <-SAFETY->
SAT. MOIST INTERNAL COH- WALL ADH- <--BOTTOM--> <-FACTOR->
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG) (PSF) (FT) (FT/FT)
110.00 110.00 30.00 0.0 17.00 0.0 10.00 0.00 DEF DEF
122.50 122.50 30.00 0.0 17.00 0.0 DEF DEF
V.B.-- LEFTSIDE LAYER DATA
LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES - DEFAULT
ANGLE OF ANGLE OF <-SAFETY->
SAT. MOIST INTERNAL COH- WALL ADH- <--BOTTOM--> <-FACTOR->
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG) (PSF) ( FT) ( FT/FT)
122.50 122.50 30.00 0.0 17.00 0.0 DEF DEF
VI.--WATER DATA
UNIT WEIGHT = 62.50 (PCF)
RIGHTSIDE ELEVATION = 10.00 (FT)
LEFTSIDE ELEVATION = 10.00 (FT)
NO SEEPAGE
VII.--SURFACE LOADS
NONE
VIII.--HORIZONTAL LOADS
NONE
Figure 12. Echoprint of input data for Example CANTl
36
1000 'CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL IN GRANULAR SOIL
1010 'DESIGN FOR FS = 1.5 ON BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
1020 CONTROL C D 1.50 1.50
1030 WALL 20.00
1040 SURFACE RIGHTSIDE 1
1050 0.00 20.00
1060 SURFACE LEFTSIDE 1
1070 0.00 0.00
1080 SOIL RIGHTSIDE STRENGTH 2 0.00 0.00
1090 110.00 110.00 30.00 0.00 17.00 0.00 10.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00
1100 122.50 122.50 30.00 0.00 17.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1110 SOIL LEFTSIDE STRENGTH 1 0.00 0.00
1120 122.50 122.50 30.00 0.00 17.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1130 WATER ELEVATIONS 62.50 10.00 10.00
1140 FINISH
Figure 13 . I nput file f or Example CANTl
37
1
C""TILIVER RETAI"IHQ U*lL '" ORA"UlAR lOlL
1
Dllll" ro• r1 • s.s o" JOTK ACTIVE ""D ~AIIIUl
ILIV.
<-------RIGMTIIDI lOlL-------->
<WEIGHT>
lYR SAT ftiT ~HI C DEl ADH .. .
4.32'
I
I
....
I Ul Ill 31 • 1'7 •
a taa 121 31 • 17 • t
I
I
I
I
I
__ ...,.. _________ ........ J _______________ I
-
:' I
I
-- ••••
I
<------- LEFTSIDE SOil-------->

I •••
<UEICHT>
lYR SAT "ST PHI C D[l ADH I
1 122 122 l l • 17 •
I
II
I
I
I
*****
DAT£1
INPUT GEO"ETRY
ID/21 / 88
*****
TIR£1 13137111
Figure 14. Input geometr y p lot for Example CANTl
DATE: 08/21/89 TIME: 13:23:34
****************************
* SOIL PRESSURES FOR *
* CANTILEVER WALL DESIGN *
I.--HEADING
****************************
'DESIGN FOR FS = 1.5 ON BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
11.--SOIL PRESSURES
RIGHTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY COULOMB COEFFICIENTS

AND THEORY OF ELASTICITY EQUATIONS FOR SURCHARGE LOADS.
LEFTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY COULOMB COEFFICIENTS

<---NET PRESSURES---->
<-LEFTSIDE PRESSURES-> (SOIL PLUS WATER) <RIGHTSIDE PRESSURES->
ELEV. PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE
(FT) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF)
20.00 0. o. 0. 0. 0. 0.
19.00 0. 0. 4.367E+01 3.559E+02 4.367E+01 3.559E+02
18.00 o. 0. 8.734E+01 7. 118E+02 8.734E+01 7.118E+02
17.00 o. 0. 1. 310E+02 1. 068E+03 1.310E+02 1.068E+03
16.00 0. 0. 1.747E+02 1. 424E+03 1.747E+02 1. 424E+03
15.00 0. 0. 2.184E+02 1.780E+03 2 .184E+02 1.780E+03
14.00 0. 0. 2.620E+02 2.135E+03 2.620E+02 2.135E+03
13.00 0. 0. 3.057E+02 2.491E+03 3.057E+02 2.491E+03
12.00 0. 0. 3.494E+02 2.847E+03 3.494E+02 2.847E+03
11.00 0. 0. 3.930E+02 3.203E+03 3.930E+02 3.203E+03
10.00 o. o. 4.367E+02 3.559E+03 4.367E+02 3.559E+03
9.00 0. 0. 4.605E+02 3.753E+03 4.605E+02 3.753E+03
8.00 0. 0. 4.843E+02 3.947E+03 4.843E+02 3.947E+03
7.00 0. 0. 5.082E+02 4.142E+03 5.082E+02 4.142E+03
6.00 0. 0. 5.320E+02 4.336E+03 5.320E+02 4.336E+03
5.00 0. 0. 5.558E+02 4.530E+03 5.558E+02 4.530E+03
4.00 0. 0. 5.796E+02 4.724E+03 5.796E+02 4.724E+03
3.00 0. 0. 6.034E+02 4.918E+03 6.034E+02 4.918E+03
2.00 o. 0. 6.273E+02 5.112E+03 6.273E+02 5.112E+03
1.00 o. 0. 6.511E+02 5.306E+03 6.511E+02 5.306E+03
0.00 0. 0. 6.749E+02 5.500E+03 6.749E+02 5.500E+03
-1.00 1.941E+02 2.382E+01 5.046E+02 5.671E+03 6.987E+02 5.695E+03
-2.00 3.883E+02 4.764E+01 3.343E+02 5.841E+03 7.225E+02 5.889E+03
-3.00 5.824E+02 7. 146E+01 1.640E+02 6.011E+03 7.464E+02 6.083E+03
-3.96 7.693E+02 9.439E+01 0. 6.175E+03 7.693E+02 6.270E+03
-4.00 7.765E+02 9.528E+01 -6.354E+OO 6.182E+03 7.702E+02 6.277E+03
-5.00 9.707E+02 1.191E+02 -1. 767E+02 6.352E+03 7.940E+02 6.471E+03
-6.00 1.165E+03 1. 429E+02 -3.470E+02 6.522E+03 8.178E+02 6.665E+03
-7.00 1.359E+03 1.667E+02 -5.173E+02 6.693E+03 8.416E+02 6.859E+03
-8.00 1.553E+03 1.906E+02 -6.876E+02 6.863E+03 8.655E+02 7.054E+03
-9.00 1.747E+03 2.144E+02 -8.579E+02 7.033E+03 8.893E+02 7.248E+03
-10.00 1.941E+03 2.382E+02 -1. 028E+03 7.204E+03 9.131E+02 7.442E+03
Figure 15. Tabulated initial soil pressures for

Example CANT! (Continued)
39
-11.00 2.135E+03 2.620E+02 -1. 199E+03 7.374E+03 9.369E+02 7.636E+03
-12.00 2.330E+03 2.858E+02 -1.369E+03 7.544E+03 9.607E+02 7.830E+03
-13.00 2.524E+03 3.097E+02 -1.539E+03 7.715E+03 9.846E+02 8.024E+03
-14.00 2.718E+03 3.335E+02 -1.709E+03 7.885E+03 1. 008E+03 8.218E+03
-15.00 2.912E+03 3.573E+02 -1.880E+03 8.055E+03 1. 032E+03 8.412E+03
-16.00 3.106E+03 3.811E+02 -2.050E+03 8.225E+03 1. 056E+03 8.607E+03
-17.00 3.300E+03 4.049E+02 -2.220E+03 8.396E+03 1.080E+03 8.801E+03
-18.00 3.494E+03 4.288E+02 -2.391E+03 8.566E+03 1. 104E+03 8.995E+03
-19.00 3.689E+03 4.526E+02 -2.561E+03 8.736E+03 1.127E+03 9.189E+03
-20.00 3.883E+03 4.764E+02 -2.731E+03 8.907E+03 1.151E+03 9.383E+03
-21.00 4.077E+03 5.002E+02 -2.902E+03 9.077E+03 1.175E+03 9.577E+03
-22.00 4.271E+03 5.240E+02 -3.072E+03 9.247E+03 1.199E+03 9.771E+03
-23.00 4.465E+03 5.479E+02 -3.242E+03 9.418E+03 1.223E+03 9.966E+03
-24.00 4.659E+03 5.717E+02 -3.413E+03 9.588E+03 1.247E+03 1.016E+04
-25.00 4.853E+03 5.955E+02 -3.583E+03 9.758E+03 1.270E+03 1. 035E+04
-26.00 5.047E+03 6.193E+02 -3.753E+03 9.929E+03 1.294E+03 1. 055E+04
-27.00 5.242E+03 6.431E+02 -3.924E+03 1.010E+04 1.318E+03 1. 074E+04
-28.00 5.436E+03 6.670E+02 -4.094E+03 1. 027E+04 1. 342E+03 1.094E+04
-29.00 5.630E+03 6.908E+02 -4.264E+03 1.044E+04 1.366E+03 1.113E+04
-30.00 5.824E+03 7.146E+02 -4.435E+03 1. 061 E+04 1. 390E+03 1. 132E+04
-31.00 6.018E+03 7.384E+02 -4.605E+03 1. 078E+04 1.413E+03 1. 152E+04
-32.00 6.212E+03 7.622E+02 -4.775E+03 1. 095E+04 1.437E+03 1.171E+04
-33.00 6.406E+03 7.861E+02 -4.945E+03 1.112E+04 1. 461 E+03 1.191E+04
-34.00 6.601E+03 8.099E+02 -5.116E+03 1. 129E+04 1. 485E+03 1.210E+04
-35.00 6.795E+03 8.337E+02 -5.286E+03 1. 146E+04 1.509E+03 1. 230E+04
-36.00 6.989E+03 8.575E+02 -5.456E+03 1.163E+04 1.532E+03 1.249E+04
-37.00 7.183E+03 8.813E+02 -5.627E+03 1.180E+04 1.556E+03 1.268E+04
-38.00 7.377E+03 9.052E+02 -5.797E+03 1.197E+04 1.580E+03 1.288E+04
-39.00 7.571E+03 9.290E+02 -5.967E+03 1.214E+04 1.604E+03 1.307E+04
-40.00 7.765E+03 9.528E+02 -6.138E+03 1.231E+04 1.628E+03 1. 327E+04
-41.00 7.960E+03 9.766E+02 -6.308E+03 1.248E+04 1.652E+03 1. 346E+04
-42.00 8.154E+03 1.000E+03 -6.478E+03 1.265E+04 1.675E+03 1.365E+04
-43.00 8.348E+03 1.024E+03 -6.649E+03 1.282E+04 1.699E+03 1.385E+04
-44.00 8.542E+03 1.048E+03 -6.819E+03 1. 299E+04 1.723E+03 1. 404E+04
-45.00 8.736E+03 1.072E+03 -6.989E+03 1.316E+04 1.747E+03 1.424E+04
-46.00 8.930E+03 1. 096E+03 -7.160E+03 1.333E+04 1. 771E+03 1 . 443E+04
-47.00 9.124E+03 1.120E+03 -7.330E+03 1.351E+04 1. 794E+03 1. 462E+04
-48.00 9.318E+03 1. 143E+03 -7.500E+03 1. 368E+04 1.818E+03 1. 482E+04
-49.00 9.513E+03 1.167E+03 -7.670E+03 1. 385E+04 1. 842E+03 1.501E+04
-50.00 9. 707E+03 1.191E+03 -7.841 E+03 1. 402E+04 1.866E+03 1.521E+04
-51.00 9.901E+03 1.215E+03 -8.011E+03 1.419E+04 1.890E+03 1.540E+04
-52.00 1. 009E+04 1.239E+03 -8.181E+03 1. 436E+04 1.914E+03 1.560E+04
-53.00 1.029E+04 1.262E+03 -8.352E+03 1. 453E+04 1.937E+03 1. 579E+04
-54.00 1. 048E+04 1.286E+03 -8.522E+03 1.470E+04 1.961E+03 1. 598E+04
-55.00 1.068E+04 1.310E+03 -8.692E+03 1.487E+04 1.985E+03 1.618E+04
-56.00 1.087E+04 1.334E+03 -8.863E+03 1. 504E+04 2.009E+03 1.637E+04
-57.00 1.107E+04 1.358E+03 -9.033E+03 1.521E+04 2.033E+0 3 1.657E+04
-58.00 1. 126E+04 1.382E+03 -9.203E+03 1.538E+04 2.056E+03 1.676E+04
-59.00 1. 145E+04 1. 405E+03 -9.374E+03 1.555E+04 2.080E+03 1.695E+04
-60.00 1. 165E+04 1. 429E+03 -9.544E+03 1.572E+04 2.104E+03 1. 71 5E+04
-61.00 1. 184E+04 1.453E+03 -9.714E+03 1.589E+04 2.128E+03 1. 734E+04
Figure 1 5. ( Con c lude d )
40
1
CANTILIU1a RITAJMl"l WALL IM IRAHULA• IOJL
•DtllON 'OR Fl • 1.1 ~ lOTH ~CTJUC ~D ~~IIIUI
MIT SOIL AND U~TIR PRESSURE (~I'J ILIV.

-s·•~f-••-•--------'-·-~~t-••-3--------~:~------~'~·•~f~·~·~3~----~'~·•~f~·~·~·------'~·~'+f~·~·~·----~·~·~if·••
I ·,·,,
.....
,,,,
I '·
- - - " E T ACTIVE
'
I '•
\ \•
\
\•
\
\
\
....
\
•
\
\
\
I
I
• ',
\
\
I \
\
\
t \.
I
\
I \
I
I
\•
\
I \
I
I
\
\
•
\•
\
\
\
HET PRESSURES roR CA"TILEUER U~LL D£51'"

\
\• ......
a. Initial net pressures
Figure 16. Program plots of initial soil pressures for Example CANTl (Continued)
'CMTIUVIR "'"'lNJHQ VALL IN CMIANULM tOIL
'DESIGN FOR Fl • t .1 ON .OTH ACTIUI AND ~All lUI
~ASIIUI
1.1£+14 I 3.1[+13
ACTIU[
1.5[+13 I
• £L£V. I
~ RIGHTSIDI ~R£SSURtl (~SfJ
~SlUE
t.e£+14 , .....
~--------~------~ ''"
21.11
I
I
I
I
I
11.11
I
I
I
•. I I
r
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-81.11 •
~R£SSUitES FOR CAMTJlEUlR IMLL MSIGM

TIPI£1 ll137tll
b. Active and passive pressures

Figure 16. (Concluded)
solution is discontinued, the user has the opportunity to edit existing input
data, restart the program, or terminate execution of the program.
77. The summary of results is presented in Figure 17. Optional
complete resulted are tabulated in Figure 18. Two lines of data will appear
for any elevation at which a discontinuity in shear force or soil pressure
occurs. Optional final design soil pressures are tabulated in Figure 19.
Unless the automatic seepage option has been invoked, the final design soil
pressures will be the same as the initial pressures. Graphical presentations
of the results are shown in Figures 20 through 24.
43
DATE: 08/21/89 TIME: 13:24:00
****************************
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR *
****************************
I.--HEADING
!I.--SUMMARY

WALL BOTTOM ELEV. (FT) •
• -27.53
PENETRATION (FT) •
• 27.53
MAX. BEND. MOMENT (LB-FT) •
• 151550 .
AT ELEVATION (FT) •
• -14.00
MAX. SCALED DEFL. (LB-IN3): 1. 6666E+11
• 20.00
(NOTE: DIVIDE SCALED DEFLECTION BY MODULUS OF
ELASTICITY IN PSI TIMES PILE MOMENT OF INERTIA
IN IN**4 TO OBTAIN DEFLECTION IN INCHES.)
Figure 17. Summary of results for Example CANTl
44
DATE: 08/21/89 TIME: 13:24:00
****************************
* COMPLETE RESULTS FOR *
****************************
I.--HEADING

III.--RESULTS
BENDING SCALED NET

ELEVATION MOMENT SHEAR DEFLECTION PRESSilRE
(FT) (LB-FT) (LB) (LB-IN3) (PSF)
20.00 0. o. 1. 6666E+11 0.00
19.00 7. 22. 1.6132E+11 43.67
18.00 58. 87. 1. 5598E+1 1 87.34
17.00 197. 197. 1. 5064E+11 131.01
16.00 466. 349. 1. 4530E+1 1 174.68
15.00 910. 546. 1. 3996E+11 218.35
14.00 1572. 786. 1. 3462E+11 262.02
13.00 2496. 1070. 1. 2928E+11 305.69
12.00 3727. 1397. 1. 2395E+11 349.36
11.00 5306. 1769. 1. 1863E+1 1 393.03
10.00 7278. 2184. 1.1331E+11 436.70
9.00 9684. 2632. 1. 0801 E+11 460.52
8.00 12551. 3105. 1.0272E+11 484.34
7.00 15901. 3601. 9.7457E+10 508.16
6.00 19760. 4121. 9.2220E+10 531.98
5.00 24151. 4665. 8.7017E+10 555.80
4.00 29098. 5232. 8.1856E+10 579.62
3.00 34624. 5824. 7.6745E+10 603.44
2.00 40754. 6439. 7.1694E+10 627.26
1. 00 47511. 7079. 6.6714E+10 651.08
0.00 54919. 7742. 6.1816E+10 674.90
-1.00 62969. 8331. 5.7013E+10 504.59
-2.00 71524. 8751. 5.2319E+10 334.27
-3.00 80414. 9000. 4.7748E+10 163.96
-3.96 89129. 9079. 4.3479E+10 0.00
-4.00 89467. 9079. 4.3316E+10 -6.35
-5.00 98514. 8987. 3.9039E+10 -176.67
-6.00 107385. 8725. 3.4933E+10 -346.98
-7.00 115908. 8293. 3.1011E+10 -517.30
-8.00 123914. 7691. 2.7290E+10 -687.61
-9.00 131233. 6918. 2.3783E+10 -857.9 2
-10.00 137693. 5975. 2.0503E+10 -1028.24
-11.00 143126. 4861. 1.7460E+10 -1198.55
-12.00 147360. 3578. 1. 4665E+10 -1368.87
Figure 18. Complete results for Example CANTl (Continued)
45
-13.00 150225. 2124. 1.2124E+10 -1539.18
-14.00 151550. 499. 9.8421E+09 -1709.50
-15.00 151167. -1295. 7.8221E+09 -1879.81
-16.00 148903. -3260. 6.0630E+09 -2050.12
-17.00 144589. -5396. 4.5609E+09 -2220.44
-18.00 138055. -7701. 3.3084E+09 -2390.75
-19.00 129130. -10177. 2.2941E+09 -2561.07
-20.00 117644. - 12823. 1.5025E+09 -2731.38
-21.00 103427. -15640. 9.1386E+08 -2901.70
- 22.00 86308. -18627. 5.0351E+08 -3072.01
-22. 15 83475. -19090. 4.5549E+08 -3097.60
-23.00 66387. -20831. 2.4187E+08 -1000.21
-24.00 45467. -20597. 9.4807E+07 1468.03
- 25.00 26015. -17895. 2.6521E+07 3936.26
-26.00 10499. -12725. 3.7571E+06 6404.49
-27.00 1388. -5086. 5.7951E+04 8872.73
-27.53 -0. 0. 0. 10189.84

ELASTI CITY IN PSI TIMES PILE MOMENT OF INERTIA
IN IN**4 TO OBTAIN DEFLECTION IN INCHES. )
Fi gure 18. (Con c l uded )
46
IV.--SOIL PRESSURES
ELEVATION < LEFTSIDE PRESSURE (PSF)> <RIGHTSIDE PRESSURE (PSF)>
(FT) PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE
20.00 0. o. 0. 0.
19.00 0. o. 44. 356.
18.00 0. o. 87. 712.
17.00 0. o. 131. 1068.
16.00 0. o. 175. 1424.
15.00 0. o. 218. 1780.
14.00 0. o. 262. 2135.
13.00 0. 0. 306. 2491.
12.00 0. o. 349. 2847.
11.00 o. o. 393. 3203.
10.00 o. 0. 437. 3559.
9.00 0. 0. 461. 3753.
8.00 0. 0. 484. 3947.
7.00 o. 0. 508. 4142.
6.00 0. 0. 532. 4336.
5.00 0. o. 556. 4530.
4.00 0. o. 580. 4724.
3.00 o. o. 603. 4918.
2.00 o. 0. 627. 5112.
1.00 0. 0. 651. 5306.
0.00 0. 0. 675. 5500.
-1.00 194. 24. 699. 5695.
-2.00 388. 48. 723. 5889.
-3.00 582. 11. 746. 6083.
-3.96 769. 94. 769. 6270.
-4.00 777. 95. 770. 6277.
-5.00 971. 119. 794. 6471.
-6.00 1165. 143. 818. 6665.
-7.00 1359. 167. 842. 6859.
-8.00 1553. 191. 865. 7054.
-9.00 1747. 214. 889. 7248.
-10.00 1941. 238. 913. 7442.
-11.00 2135. 262. 937. 7636.
-12.00 2330. 286. 961. 7830.
-13.00 2524. 310. 985. 8024.
-14.00 2718. 333. 1008. 8218.
-15.00 2912. 357. 1032. 8412.
-16.00 3106. 381. 1056. 8607.
-17.00 3300. 405. 1080. 8801.
-18.00 3494. 429. 1104. 8995.
-19.00 3689. 453. 1127. 9189.
-20.00 3883. 476. 1151. 9383.
-21.00 4077. 500. 1175. 9677.
-22.00 4271. 524. 1199. 9771.
-22.15 4300. 528. 1203. 9801.
-23.00 4465. 548. 1223. 9966.
-24.00 4659. 572. 1247. 10160.
-25.00 4853. 596. 1270. 10354.
-26.00 5047. 619. 1294. 10548.
-27.00 5242. 643. 1318. 10742.
-27.53 5436. 667. 1342. 10936.
-29.00 5630. 691. 1366. 1, 30.
Figure 19 . Final des i gn s oil pressures f or Example CANTl
47
'C~IL[UI. RITAIMI~ UAL~ IM GaAMULA. tOIL
' D[IJGM '0. ~~ • t.l OM lOTH ACTIU£ AND 'ASIIU[
IEHDINC ROftENT <LI-FT)

-I.IE+e4 I s.e£+14 I.SI+K a.et+M
[L[U. "')
I
n.M
DATE t ell'lUll
TIRE t lJt 31 t 44
0 1.&155£+15 CLI-FT )
AT EL • -14.11 eFT)
0-5.7858£-13 CLI-FT )
., EL • -27.&3 eFT)
1 •••
•
-17.53
Figure 20. Program plot of bending moment for Example CANTl
•
'CUITILIUII IITAI"ING UALL I" OIA"ULAI tOIL
'DillON r01 rt • t.l 0" lOTH ACTIUI A"D 'AIIIUI
SHIAI CLI)
-2.31+14 -1.&£+14 -?.&E+tl t '7.11+13 t.H+I4
~~------------+t------------+t------------+t------------+t--~------~1 ELIU. C'T)
DATE• tV/IUIV
TlftEa llfllt44
"·"
0 i .t781E+I3 C Ll )
AT EL • -3.t6 CfT)
0-2.t8l1E+t4 ( LJ )
AT EL • -aJ.It (fTl
••••
-2'7.53
I
Figure 21. Program plot of shear force for Example CANTl

1
CMITILIW• .ITAIItlteG MALL lit M_.MULM lOlL
1
DIIIO" '0. '' • 1.1 ON lOTH _.CTIUI AMI 'AIIIUI
a.ti+U l.S£+U l.t£+U

I
' '
ee.H
DATE I tl,21,11
TUI[I 13tll144
0 1.6&66£+11 CLI-I"3l
AT [L • 2t.tt CfT)
0 •• Cli-If'fJ)
lilT £L • -27.53 ( F'f)
Ul
0
••••
-2'7.53
•
Figure 22. Program plot of scaled deflection for Example CANTl

1
CAMT1LEV£• .IT-I"INQ U-LL IN ORANULAI SOIL
1
ll110ft FOI , ••••• ON lOTH -CTIUI -"· ~-··lVI
"'' ~•lssu•E '~•~,

I l.K+14
D-T£• 11,21,11
I
.....
ILIU. " "
Tl"[l ll•ll144
I
I
0 t.IUt£+14 t ~SF' ) I
AT EL • -27.53 trT)
D -3.1176£+13 < PSF' )
AT £L • -22.15 <F'T)
..
1.11
I
-n.tl
'
Fi gure 23 . Program plot of design net pressures for Example CANTl

'CAMTILIUia aiT-IMIMQ W-LL IM QR-MU~a lOlL
'DEIIQM Foa Fl • t.l CN IOTM .CTIUI ~~ ~-SIJUE
LEFTIIDE PRESIUREI <~IF) RJCHTIIDE ~IIUIEI <~SF)
2. . ..
•
11.tt
•
••••
-27.53
D"TE• eSI1'2l~'ll TIREt Ut31144
Figure 24. Program plot of final soil pressures for Example CANT!
Example CANTlA
78. The input data for Example CANTl were edited as shown in Figure 25.
The mode of execution was changed from Design to Analysis, and the Analysis
was performed for a factor of safety of 1.0 for all active pressures. Even
though the Level 1 factor of safety for active pressures is ·input, all
existing Levels 2 and 3 factors for active pressure previously available
remain in effect. If it is necessary for Levels 2 and 3 factors to be
altered, it will be more efficient to edit the input file externally from the
program. In this example, all safety factors for Levels 2 and 3 were
previously defaulted to Level 1. The option for factor of safety in this
example causes the program to determine a single passive factor of safety
applied to all soils on both sides of the wall.
79. The summary of results of the analysis is presented in Figure 26 .
Other optional results data include a complete tabulation of bending moments,
shears, deflections, net pressure, and final design pressures.
53
DATE: 08/22/89 TIME: 1:14:55
? f
ENTER INPUT FILE NAME (6 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM).
? cant11
INPUT COMPLETE.
TO A FILE, TO BOTH, OR NEITHER?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', 'BOTH', OR 'NEITHER'.
? n
INPUT COMPLETE.
? y
MAJOR DATA SECTIONS AND STATUS

SECTION CONTENTS STATUS
1........••...• HEADING ........•.••. 2 LINES
2.•.•.••..••... CONTROL ............. CANTILEVER DESIGN
3.•.•....••.•.. WALL DATA ......•..•. FOR DESIGN
4 .....•.•...... SURFACE DATA ........ RIGHTSIDE 1 POINTS
LEFTSIDE 1 POINTS
5......••...... SOIL LAYERS ......... RIGHTSIDE 2 LAYERS, STRENGTHS
LEFTSIDE 1 LAYERS, STRENGTHS
6....•••..••••• WATER ....•.......•.. ELEVATIONS AVAILABLE
7.••.•...••...• VERTICAL LOADS ..•.•• NONE
8 ••.••......•.. HORIZONTAL LOADS .... NONE
ENTER SECTION NUMBER TO BE EDITED, 'STATUS', OR 'FINISHED'.
? 1
ENTER NUMBER OF HEADING LINES (1 TO 4).
? 2
ENTER 2 HEADING LINE(S).
? analysis of cantilever retaining wall designed in Example CANT1
? fs = 1 for all active pressures
? 2
ENTER WALL TYPE: 'CANTILEVER' OR 'ANCHORED'.
? c
ENTER MODE: 'DESIGN' OR 'ANALYSIS'.
? a
ENTER FACTOR OF SAFETY OPTION FOR ANALYSIS.
(1 : SAME FS CALCULATED FOR BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE PRESSURES.
2 = FS FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES INPUT, FS FOR PASSIVE PRESSURES
CALCULATED.)
? 2
ENTER LEVEL 1 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES.
? 1
Figure 25. Editing for Example CANTlA (Continued)
54
************************************************************
CHANGE IN WALL TYPE OR MODE REQUIRES NEW WALL DATA SECTION.
*****************************************~******************
ENTER DATA FOR CANTILEVER WALL ANALYSIS.
ELEV. AT TOP ELEV. AT WALL MODULUS OF MOMENT OF
OF WALL (FT) BOTTOM (FT) ELASTICITY INERTIA
(PSI) (IN**4/FT)
? 20 -27.53 2.9e7 280.8

? f
INPUT COMPLETE.
? n
INPUT COMPLETE.
? n
DO YOU WANT INPUT DATA SAVED IN A FILE?
? n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT INPUT DATA?
? n
? y
SOLUTION COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT RESULTS PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO A FILE, OR BOTH?
? t
DO YOU WANT COMPLETE RESULTS OUTPUT?
? n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT RESULTS?
? n
OUTPUT COMPLETE.
? n
LAST INPUT FILE PROCESSED= 'CANT1I'.

? n

Fi gure 25. (Concluded)
55
DATE: 08/22/89 TIME: 14:18:47
****************************
* CANTILEVER WALL ANALYSIS *
****************************
I.--HEADING
'ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGNED IN
'FS = 1 FOR ALL ACTIVE PRESSURES
!I.--SUMMARY

PASSIVE FACTOR OF SAFETY : 2.27
MAX. BEND. MOMENT (LB-FT) : 109346.
• -14.00
MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (IN) •
• 1.4774E+01
• 20.00
Figure 26. Summary of results for Example CANTlA
56
Example CANT2
80. The floodwall driven in layered soil shown in Figure 27 was
designed for a factor of safety of 1.0 on all soil pressures. The input file
for this system is given in Figure 28. The coefficient method for soil
pressures produces a discontinuity in soil pressures at el -10 ft* as shown in
Figures 29 and 31. The discontinuity has been replaced by an average pressure
at el -10 ft, Figures 29 and 30.
81. The summary of results for the design is shown in Figure 32 and the
final design pressures are plotted in Figure 33.
* All elevations (el) cited herein a re in f eet referred to National Geodetic

Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929.
57
El
+10
+ 9.75
yw = 62.5 PCF
0 sz
--
Ysat = Ymst = I 12.5 PCF Ysat = Ymst = 112.5 PCF
$ =0 ~ ::: 0
c = 500 PSF c ::: 500 PSF
6 =0 6 ::: 0
-JO
~
Ysat = Ymst = 112.5 PCF Ysat = ymst = 112.5 PCF

$ =0 ~ =0
-IS c = 1000 PSF c = I000 PSF
6 =0 6 =0
Figure 27. System for Example CANT2
1000 'FLOODWALL IN COHESIVE LAYERED SOIL WITH

1010 'HIGH STRENGTH LAYER UNDERLYING WEAKER SOIL
1020 CONTROL C D 1.00 1.00
1030 WALL 10.00
1050 0.00 0.00
1070 0.00 0.00
1090 112.50 112.50 0 500 0 0 -10 0 0 0
1100 112.50 112.50 0 1000 0 0 0 0
1120 112.50 112.50 0 500 0 0 -10 0 0 0
1130 112.50 112.50 0 1000 0 0 0 0
1140 WATER ELEVATIONS 62.50 9.75 0.00
1150 FINISH
Figure 28. Input file for Example CANT2
58
PROGRAM CWALSHT - DESIGN/ANALYSIS OF ANCHORED OR CANTILEVER SHEET PILE WALLS
DATE: 08/22/89 TIME: 14:50:09
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING
'FLOODWALL IN COHESIVE LAYERED SOIL WITH
'HIGH STRENGTH LAYER UNDERLYING WEAKER SOIL
!I.--SOIL PRESSURES


10.00 0. o. 0. o. 0. o.
9.75 0. 0. ' 0. 0. 0. o.
9.00 0. 0. 4.688E+01 4.688E+01 0. 0.
8.00 0. 0. 1.094E+02 1.094E+02 0. 0.
7.00 0. o. 1.719E+02 1.719E+02 0. 0.
6.00 0. 0. 2.344E+02 2.344E+02 0. 0.
5.00 0. 0. 2.969E+02 2.969E+02 0. 0.
4.00 0. 0. 3.594E+02 3.594E+02 o. 0.
3.00 0. 0. 4.219E+02 4.219E+02 0. 0.
2.00 0. 0. 4.844E+02 4.844E+02 0. 0.
1.00 o. 0. 5.469E+02 5.469E+02 0. 0.
0.00+ 0. o. 6.094E+02 6.094E+02 0. 0.
0.00- 1.000E+03 0. -3.906E+02 1.609E+03 0. 1. OOOE+03
-1.00 1.050E+03 0. -4.406E+02 1.659E+03 0. 1.050E+03
-2.00 1.100E+03 0. -4.906E+02 1.709E+03 0. 1. 1OOE+03
-3.00 1. 150E+03 0. -5.406E+02 1. 759E+03 o. 1. 150E+03
-4.00 1.200E+03 o. -5.906E+02 1.809E+03 0. 1.200E+03
-5.00 1.250E+03 0. -6.406E+02 1.859E+03 o. 1.250E+03
-6.00 1.300E+03 0. -6.906E+02 1.909E+03 0. 1.300E+03
-7.00 1. 350E+03 0. -7.406E+02 1.959E+03 0. 1.350E+03
-8 .00 1. 400E+03 0. -7.906E+02 2.009E+03 0. 1. 400E+03
-9.00 1. 450E+03 0. -8.406E+02 2.059E+03 0. 1. 450E+03
-10.00+ 1.500E+03 0. -1.391E+03 2.609E+03 0. 1.500E+03
-10.00- 2.500E+03 0. -1.391E+03 2. 609E+03 0. 2.500E+03
Figure 29 . Initial soil pressures for Example CANT2 (Continued)
59
-11.00 2.550E+03 0. -1.941E+03 3.159E+03 0. 2.550E+03
-12.00 2.600E+03 0. -1.991 E+03 3.209E+03 0. 2.600E+03
-13.00 2.650E+03 0. -2.041E+03 3.259E+03 0. 2.650E+03
-14.00 2.700E+03 o. -2.091E+03 3.309E+03 0. 2.700E+03
-15.00 2.750E+03 0. -2.141E+03 3.359E+03 0. .2. 750E+03
-16.00 2.800E+03 0. -2.191E+03 3.409E+03 0. 2.800E+03
-17.00 2.850E+03 0. -2.241E+03 3.459E+03 0. 2.850E+03
-18.00 2.900E+03 0. -2.291E+03 3.509E+03 o. 2.900E+03
-19.00 2.950E+03 o. -2.341E+03 3.559E+03 o. 2.950E+03
-20 ..00 3.000E+03 0. -2.391E+03 3.609E+03 0. 3.000E+03
-21.00 3.050E+03 0. -2.441E+03 3.659E+03 0. 3.050E+03
-22.00 3.100E+03 o. -2.491E+03 3.709E+03 0. 3.100E+03
-23.00 3.150E+03 0. -2.541E+03 3.759E+03 0. 3.150E+03
-24.00 3.200E+03 0. -2.591E+03 3.809E+03 o. 3.200E+03
-25.00 3.250E+03 o. -2.641E+03 3.859E+03 o. 3.250E+03
-26.00 3.300E+03 o. -2.691E+03 3.909E+03 0. 3.300E+03
-27.00 3.350E+03 0. -2.741E+03 3.959E+03 0. 3.350E+03
-28.00 3.400E+03 0. -2.791E+03 4.009E+03 0. 3.400E+03
-29.00 3.450E+03 0. -2.841E+03 4.059E+03 o. 3.450E+03
-30.00 3.500E+03 o. -2.891E+03 4.109E+03 o. 3.500E+03
- 31.00 3.550E+03 0. -2.941E+03 4.159E+03 0. 3.550E+03
Figure 29. (Conc l uded )
60
'~LOODU-LL IN COMEIIVI LAYialt lOlL UITM
'HIGH IT~MQTH LAYE• UNDEaLYINO UEAKEa lOlL
......
"ET SOIL -MD YATEW PRESSURE CPI') [L[V.
-3··~F-··~l~---~·~·~'~F-··~3~----l~·-3+f-·-·-3------~'--------'-·3~f-·-•-3_____1_.~,,~·-•_3_____3_.~!f~·-·-3_____,_....
.,• ., CFTt
,•.••
- - - H E T IIIIICTIVE
- · - · -HET PASSIVE
·-·-·-\ ••••
\
\•
\
\
\
•
\
'·......................... -s•·••
\
\\
•
\•
\•
\
\
\•
\•
\\•
\
NIT PR£SSURES ~o• C-MTJLEUER UIIIIILL IE5lGM

TIM 1 13144143
\•
--...
Figure 30. Initial net pressures for Example CANT2
''LOOOUALL IM COHIIIUE LAYERED tOIL UITN
'HIGH IT.EM'TH LAVE• UMDI.LVIHQ UlACI. lOlL
......
4 LIFTSIDI ,.IISUR£1 C,SF>
• 4 •tGHTIIDf ,_,IIUIII 4,SF)
•
....,.., ,ASIIU£
e.t.E+I3
••• ACTIU£
•• • (L£U. 4FT)
•
ACTIUI
•• •• •
,,..•• U£
1.·~··3
··~··3
llaH I
•
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
I •••• I 1
I
I
•
I
I
()'\
N
-lt . . . ••
I -lt.M
• ••
'
'R£55~£5 FO• CAHTIL£Vl. UALL DE51G"
Tlft£t 13144143
Figure 31. Initial active and passive pressures for Example CANT2
--_- ---
_- - --
DATE: 08/22/89 TIME: 14:51:17
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING
'FLOODWALL IN COHESIVE LAYERED SOIL WITH
'HIGH STRENGTH LAYER UNDERLYING WEAKER SOIL
!I.--SUMMARY

• -13.58
• 13.58
• 18648.
• -6.00
MAX. SCALED DEFL. (LB-IN3): 5.0887E+09
• 10.00
Figure 32. Summary of results for Exampl e CANT2
63
'~LOODWALL IN COKEIIUI LAVIIID lOlL WITH
'HJQH ITIINITH LAYEI UNDIILYI"Q WEA«EI lOlL
......
"[T PIESSURI CPSFJ
-I.U+t3 -a.e£•t3 • a.t£+t3 3.K+t3
lUV. " ' t
I
1. . . .
DATlt t8/21/18
TJ"[ I ll14StSI
0 3.2114[+t3 t PSF )
AT EL • -&3.51 CfT)
0 -t.J4C!8[+8J ( PSF )
AT EL • -8.81 CFT>
\
\
\
I
\
••••
I
-t3.11
I
Figure 33. Final design net pressures for Example CANT2

Example CANT3
82. The floodwall/levee system shown in Figure 34 requires a wedge
method for evaluation of the soil pressures. The input file for this system
is given in Figure 35, and execution of the program is shown in Figure 36 .
The plot of input geometry presented in Figure 37 is distorted since the plot
limits specified (see Figure 36) do not define a square.
83. The sweep search wedge method was selected (see Figure 36) for
evaluation of the design pressures. The resulting pressures are shown in
Figures 38, 39, and 40. The weak layer between el -1 and -4 ft on the left
side results in low passive pressures on the left side of the wall. When the
leftside passive, rightside active, and net water pressures are combined, the
total net pressure in the vicinity of the weak layer has a spurious reversal
of direction near the weak layer. Execution was terminated at this point, the
program was restarted, and the fixed wedge method was selected for solution.
84. The soil pressures produced by the fixed wedge method are shown in
Figures 41, 42, and 43. It should be emphasized that the fixed wedge tends to
overestimate passive pressures for this situation. It is the responsibility
of the user to judge the validity of the results.
85. The summary of results and complete output for this example are
tabulated in Figures 44 and 45.
65
40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40
14.5 ---
9.0
L1
4.0
L2 R2
~ L] 0.0
1.0
L4 R3
4.0
0'\ LS R4
0'\
-6.7
a. Wall and soil profile
Layer X (PSF) ~ (DEX:;)
R1 102.5 23
R2 122.5 30
R3 102.5 23
R4 122.5 30
L1 107.5 23
L2 122.0 30
L3 122.5 30
L4 102.5 23
L5 . 122.5 30
b. Soil properties
Figure 34. System for Example CANT3
1000 'CANTILEVER FLOODWALL DESIGN - GRANULAR SOIL
1010 'IRREGULAR GROUND SURFACE
1020 'INTERSPERSED STRONG AND WEAK SOIL LAYERS
1030 CONTROL C D 1.50 1.50
1040 WALL 14.50
1060 0.00 9.00 2.00 9.00 26.50 2.50
1070 45.00 1.00
1090 0.00 9.00 8.00 9.00 32.50 2 .50
1100 46.00 1.00
1120 102.50 102.50 23.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1130 122.50 122.50 30.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 -1 . 00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1140 102.50 102.50 23.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1150 122.50 122.50 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1170 107.50 107.50 23.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo
1180 122.00 122.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1190 122.50 122.50 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1200 102.50 102.50 23.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1210 122.50 122.50 30.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00
1220 WATER ELEVATIONS 62.50 14.50 0 . 00
1230 FINISH
Fi gure 35. Inpu t fi l e for Exampl e CANT3
67
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME : 1: 17 : 47

? F
ENTER INPUT FILE NAME (6 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM).
?cant3i
INPUT COMPLETE.
? n
INPUT COMPLETE.
? n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT INPUT DATA?
? y
MAXIMA AND MINIMA DEFINED BY INPUT DATA
<-ELEVATION (FT)- > <DIST. FROM WALL (FT)>
MAXIMUM MINIMUM LEFTSIDE RIGHTSIDE
14.50 -4.00 46.00 45.00
ENTER DESIRED PLOT LIMITS
<------ELEVATION (FT)------ > <DIST . FROM WALL (FT)>
TOP OF PLOT BOTTOM OF PLOT LEFTSIOE RIGHTSIDE
? 15 -5 50 50
-------------------------------------
-(NOTE : GEOMETRY PLOT PRODUCED HERE.)-
--------------------------------------
DO YOU WANT TO REPLOT INPUT GEOMETRY WITH DIFFERENT LIMITS?
? n
? y
DO YOU WANT SOIL PRESSURES CALCULATED BY THE SWEEP SEARCH WEDGE METHOD
OR BY THE FIXED SURFACE WEDGE METHOD?
ENTER 'SWEEP' OR ' FIXED ' .
? s
DO YOU WANT A LISTING OF SOIL PRESSURES
BEFORE CONTINUING WITH THE DESIGN?
? y
Figure 36 . Program execution fo r Exampl e CANT3 (Cont inued)
68
DO YOU WANT SOIL PRESSURES PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL, TO A FILE, OR BOTH?
? f
ENTER OUTPUT FILE NAME (6 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM).
? cant3o
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT SOIL PRESSURES?
? y
--------------------------------------
-(NOTE: PRESSURE PLOTS PRODUCED HERE.)-
---------------------------------------
? n
? n
LAST INPUT FILE PROCESSED= 'CANT3I'.
OUTPUT SAVED IN FILE ' CANT30'.

? n
Fi gur e 36 . (Conc luded )
69
1C-HTIL£UEa ,~OO~LL DEIIGN - Gl~~ lOlL
•raaEQUL_. CIO~D SUI,ACE
~r"nasHasrD naOttC MtD WM son LAV£as ELEV.
<-------at4HTSIDE SOIL-------->
LVI
1
,_,
<UUQHT)
112
ftST fllMI
lt2 23
c D£L _...
I
• •
. ..
11.53' I
I
I
--------------~-------------~
-
t4.S
I til 122 31
23
•• • ••
I
I
J
4
112
122
112
122 Jl I I I I
I
-
t
I
I
__ I
_.....,I t.t
-....J
0
<------- LEFTSIDE SOIL-------->
<IJEJCHT>
....
LVR SAT MST PHI c DEL ADM I
1 1&7
e tee tee
117 23
31
•• •• I
I
3
4
122
112
122
112
Jt
C!J
•e • • I I
5 122 122 31
• • I I
1.1
- -l.t
-
-···
Figure 37. Program plot in input geometry for Example CANT3

DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 10:21:09
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING
'CANTILEVER FLOODWALL DESIGN - GRANULAR SOIL
'IRREGULAR GROUND SURFACE
'INTERSPERSED STRONG AND WEAK SOIL LAYERS
!I.--SOIL PRESSURES
RIGHTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY SWEEP SEARCH WEDGE METHOD.
LEFTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY SWEEP SEARCH WEDGE METHOD.
<---NET PRESSURES---- >

<-LEFTSIDE PRESSURES-> (SOIL PLUS WATER) <RIGHTSIDE PRESSURES- >
(FT) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF) ( PSF) (PSF) (PSF)
14.50 0. 0. 0. o. 0. 0.
13.50 o. 0. 6.250E+01 6.250E+01 0. 0.
12.50 0. 0. 1.250E+02 1. 250E+02 0. 0.
11.50 0. 0. 1. 875E+02 1. 875E+02 0. 0.
10.50 0. o. 2.500E+02 2.500E+02 0. 0.
9.50 o. 0. 3.125E+02 3.125E+02 0. 0.
9.00 o. 0. 3.438E+02 3.438E+02 o. o.
8.50 9.397E+01 3.074E+01 2.925E+02 3.792E+02 1.144E+01 3.497E+01
8.00 1.879E+02 6.149E+01 2.412E+02 4.147E+02 2.288E+01 6.993E+01
7.50 2.819E+02 9.223E+01 1. 899E+02 4.405E+02 3.432E+01 9.526E+01
6.50 4.699E+02 1.537E+02 8.684E+01 4.772E+02 5.672E+01 1.309E+02
5.67 6.261E+02 2.048E+02 0. 5.123E+02 7.415E+01 1.652E+02
5.50 6.578E+02 2.152E+02 -1.763E+01 5.195E+02 7.769E+01 1.722E+02
4.50 8.458E+02 2.767E+02 -1.232E+02 5.633E+02 9.752E+01 2.149E+02
4.00 1. 051 E+03 2.795E+02 -2.962E+02 7. 017E+02 9.830E+01 3.249E+02
3.50 1.257E+03 2.813E+02 -4.684E+02 8.390E+02 1.006E+02 4.328E+02
2.50 1. 429E+03 3.392E+02 -5.533E+02 9.069E+02 1.260E+02 4.962E+02
1. 50 1.604E+03 3.971E+02 -6.406E+02 1.006E+03 1.511E+02 5.902E+02
.50 1.795E+03 4.546E+02 -7.440E+02 1.107E+03 1.762E+02 6.869E+02
0.00 1.866E+03 4.797E+02 -7.711E+02 1. 162E+03 1.890E+02 7.358E+02
-.50 1. 899E+03 4.975E+02 -7.907E+02 1. 194E+03 2.018E+02 7.849E+02
-1.00 1.681E+03 5.651E+02 -5.369E+02 1.067E+03 2.378E+02 7.258E+02
-1.50 1. 148E+03 6.313E+02 3.120E+01 9.252E+02 2.725E+02 6.502E+02
-2.50 1.146E+03 6.514E+02 5.330E+01 9.002E+02 2.925E+02 6.453E+02
-3.50 1 . 186E+03 6.667E+02 3.337E+01 8.936E+02 3.126E+02 6.540E+02
-4.00 1.701E+03 6.139E+02 -5.008E+02 1.167E+03 2.937E+02 8.751E+02
-4.50 2.325E+03 5.655E+02 -1. 143E+03 1. 437E+03 2.760E+02 1.096E+03
-5.50 2.079E+03 5.905E+02 -8.712E+02 1. 482E+03 3.011E+02 1.167E+03
-6.50 2.011E+03 6.098E+02 -7 .789E+02 1.550E+03 3.261E+02 1.254E+03
-7.50 2.017E+03 6.306E+02 -7.592E+02 1.623E+03 3.513E+02 1.347E+03
-8.50 2.057E+03 6.540E+02 - 7.739E+02 1. 697E+0 3 3.768E+02 1. 445E+03
Figure 38. Ini t i al soil pressures for Example CANT3

b y sweep search wedge method
71
~·
'CANTJLIV[I FLOODWALL Dfti8M - IIAMULAI SOIL
'JIIECULAI GROUND SUIFAC[
'lNTEifP£1SID STIONC AMD UIAK SOIL LAV£15
~ET SOIL ~ND W~TEI ~RESSUR[ C~SF> EUV.

-l.t£+13 -S.I£+12 I S.l£+12 a.eue3 eFT)
14.51
---"ET ACTIVE
• sa.ee
\•
\•
\•
\•
\.
.....,j
\•
N
••••
••••
-1···
I
-• ...
I \
I \.
I \
I
\
HET PRESSURES FOR C~TILEUER WAll DESIGN
DATEt IV.Ii!I.IIV TII'IE t 11 t 34 t 23
Figure 39. Net pressures by sweep search method for Example CANT3
'C~TlLEV£1 FLOODU~LL D£SlGN - GI~~L~I tOIL
'lRWtGUL~W QIOUHD SURFACE
'JHTERSPERS£D STRONG A"D WEAl SOIL LAYERS
LEFTSIDE PRESSURES CPSF) (~)
PASSIUE ACTIVE PASSIVE

J.tE+Il 1.5£+13 I 3.5£+11 ?.IE+UI l.S£+•3 3 ••••,
1 ... ,1
I
II
I
I
t
I
I
I
g ••• I
I
I
I
I
I
... 18
'
I
I
I
t.lt
I
-l.tt I
I
•
t
I
- ... 11 I
-7.St
PR£SSUR£S FOI CAHTILEUER WAll DESIQM
Figure 40. Active and passive soil pressures by sweep search method for Example CANT3
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 10:51:49
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING
!I.--SOIL PRESSURES
RIGHTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY FIXED SURFACE WEDGE METHOD.
LEFTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY FIXED SURFACE WEDGE METHOD.
14.50 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
13.50 o. 0. 6.250E+01 6.250E+01 0. 0.
12.50 0. 0. 1.250E+02 1.250E+02 0. 0.
11.50 0. 0. 1. 875E+02 1.875E+02 0. 0.
10.50 o. o. 2.500E+02 2.500E+02 0. o.
9.50 o. 0. 3.125E+02 3.125E+02 0. 0.
9.00 o. 0. 3.438E+02 3.438E+02 0. o.
8.50 9.397E+01 3.074E+01 2.925E+02 3.793E+02 1. 144E+01 3.504E+01
8.00 1.879E+02 6.149E+01 2.412E+02 4.147E+02 2.289E+01 6.990E+01
7.50 2.819E+02 9.223E+01 1.899E+02 4.471E+02 3.436E+01 1. 018E+02
6.50 4.699E+02 1.537E+02 8.660E+01 5.032E+02 5.647E+01 1.569E+02
5.65 6.267E+02 2.063E+02 0. 5.465E+02 7.382E+01 2.000E+02
5.50 6.552E+02 2.159E+02 -1. 573E+01 5.544E+02 7.697E+01 2.078E+02
4.50 8.777E+02 2.681E+02 -1.599E+02 6.283E+02 9.284E+01 2.714E+02
4.00 1.050E+03 2.799E+02 -2.976E+02 7.038E+02 9.655E+01 3.274E+02
3.50 1.236E+03 2.907E+02 -4.465E+02 7.933E+02 1.018E+02 3.965E+02
2.50 1. 495E+03 3.390E+02 -6.212E+02 9.231E+02 1. 236E+02 5.121E+02
1. 50 1.696E+03 3.972E+02 -7.349E+02 1.029E+03 1.490E+02 6.142E+02
.50 1.895E+03 4.546E+02 -8.453E+02 1. 137E+03 1.743E+02 7.164E+02
0.00 1.984E+03 4.780E+02 -8.913E+02 1. 198E+03 1.863E+02 7.702E+02
-.50 1.992E+03 5.082E+02 -8.812E+02 1. 200E+03 2.044E+02 8.022E+02
-1.00 1.869E+03 5.648E+02 -7.278E+02 1.121E+03 2.352E+02 7.800E+02
-1.50 1.749E+03 6.152E+02 -5.796E+02 1. 042E+03 2.628E+02 7.513E+02
-2.50 1.696E+03 6.525E+02 -4.984E+02 1.024E+03 2.910E+02 7.707E+02
-3.50 1.785E+03 6.443E+02 -5.792E+02 1.122E+03 2.997E+02 8.596E+02
-4.00 1.939E+03 6.106E+02 -7.424E+02 1.259E+03 2.900E+02 9.633E+02
-4.50 2.103E+03 5.789E+02 -9.152E+02 1. 407E+03 2.816E+02 1.080E+03
-5.50 2.233E+03 5.782E+02 -1. 030E+03 1. 547E+03 2.966E+02 1.219E+03
-6.50 2.289E+03 5.996E+02 -1. 060E+03 1.626E+03 3.226E+02 1.320E+03
-7.50 2.354E+03 6.197E+02 -1 .100E+03 1.709E+03 3.479E+02 1. 422E+03
-8.50 2.422E+03 6.403E+02 -1.142E+03 1.790E+03 3.733E+02 1.524E+03
Figure 41. Initial pressures for Example CANT3

by fixed surface wedge method
74
'CAHTILlU(. FLOODWAL~ DElleR - o•AHULA• SOIL
' IRREGULAR GROUND SURFACE
'JNTE.SPERSED STRONQ AHD UEAI SOIL LAVE•s
HET SOIL AMI ~TER ~R£SSUR€ ,,SF) ELEV.

-1.5£+13 -l.IE+I3 -1.1£+12 I S.IE+Ia l.IE . . l 1.5£+13 2.1[+13 (FT)
14.11
- - - H E T ACTIVE
- -- - -NET PASS I V£
9 •••
\•
\•
\•
\•
\ •
\
' .,_
•
. ...
' •
\ •
\
'\
•
'·' • ••••
././ -l.H
I•
\
\
...........
........ - 4.11
........
' '\•
•
\•
\ -7.51
HET PRESSURES FOR CANTILEVER YALL DESIQH
Figure 4 2 . Net pres s ures by fixed surface we dge method for Example CANT3
'CANTiliU[. 'lOODWAll DEIIIM - e•~uL.- SOlL
'I ••[GULA• GROUMD SU.FAC£
't"T£RSP£.SED ST.OHG AND WEAK SOil LAVEIS
LEFTSIDE PRESSURES CPSF> RIQHTSJD£ .._ESSUR£S (f'SF)
PASSJUE ACTIVE ACTIUE PAS SlUE

t.S£+83 • 7.8[+82 J.SE+82 8 ELEU. tF'T) 8 3.SE+t2 7.8E+H 8 s.s£+83
9.ee
4.88
••••
-t.te
-?.S8
PRESSURES fOR CA"TJLEUER WALL DESJ~
Figure 43. Active and passive soil pressures by fixed surface wedge method for Example CANT3
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 10:53:16
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING
!I.--SUMMARY
RIGHTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY FIXED SURFACE WEDGE METHOD.

LEFTSIDE SOIL PRESSURES DETERMINED BY FIXED SURFACE WEDGE METHOD.
• -5.29
• 14.29
• 10352.
AT ELEVATION (FT ) •
• 1. 50
MAX. SCALED DEFL. ( LB- IN3): 1.8430E+09

AT ELEVATION ( FT) •
• 14.50
IN IN**4 TO OBTAIN DEFLECTION IN INCHES . )
Figure 44. Summary of results for Example CANT3
77
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 10:53:16
****************************
****************************
I. --HEADING

III. - -RESULTS
BENDING SCALED NET

ELEVATION MOMENT SHEAR DEFLECTION PRESSURE
(FT) (LB-FT) ( LB) (LB-IN3) (PSF )
14.50 0. o. 1.8430E+09 0.00
13.50 10. 31. 1.6901E+09 62.50
12.50 83. 125. 1.5373E+09 125.00
11.50 281. 281. 1.3846E+09 187.50
10.50 667. 500. 1.2324E+09 250.00
9.50 1302. 781. 1.0814E+09 312.50
9.00 1733. 945. 1. 0067E+09 343.75
8.50 2247. 1104. 9.3270E+08 292.47
8.00 2833. 1238. 8.5970E+08 241.19
7.50 3480. 1346. 7.8792E+08 189.93
6.50 4903. 1484. 6.4919E+08 86.60
5.65 6180. 1520. 5.3831E+08 0.00
5.50 6413. 1519. 5.1895E+08 -15.73
4.50 7901. 1431. 3.9978E+08 -159.87
4.00 8591. 1317. 3.4516E+08 -297.56
3.50 9206. 1131. 2.9424E+08 -446.47
2.50 10085. 597. 2.0455E+08 -621.15
1. 50 10352. -81. 1.3219E+08 -734.91
.50 9886. -871. 7.7618E+07 -845. 28
0.00 9343. -1305. 5.6798E+07 -891.26
-.31 8902. -1577. 4.6061E+07 -885.12
-.50 8580. -1739. 4.0006E+07 -791.58
-1 . 00 7621. -2075. 2.6914E+07 -550.47
-1.50 6525. -2290. 1.7110E+07 -309.36
-2.50 4161. -2358. 5.4439E+06 172.86
-3 .50 1970. -1944. 9.9318E+05 655.09
- 4. 00 1090. -1556. 2.7739E+05 896.20
-4.50 433. -1048. 4.0337E+04 1137.31
-5.29 0. 0. 0. 1517.94
Figure 45. Complete results for Example CANT3
78
Anchored Walls •
Example ANCHl
86. The anchored wall shown in Figure 46 was designed for a factor of
safety of 1.0 for all effects. The input file for this system is given in
Figure 47. Even though the soil surfaces are unsymmetric, the soil layer data
may be described as "symmetric" since the layer data are the same (including
layer bottom elevation and bottom slope) for each soil layer on each side.
Note that the moist unit weight has been used for the soil above el 22 ft for
the soil on the right side and the buoyant unit weight has been calculated by
the program from the saturated unit weight for the soil below water on each
side of the wall. The echoprint of input data is shown in Figure 48.
87. The summary of results and complete output of results for each of
the three methods of anchored wall analysis are given in Figures 49
through 52. Plots of results for the free earth method are shown in Fig-
ures 53 through 57. Similar plots for the equivalent beam and fixed earth
method are also available.
79
EL Surcharge 500 PSF
+30
~
•
+26
+22 sz
--
\1
-
Yw = 62.5 PCF
Ysat = 120.5 PCF

Ymst = 105.0 PCF
~ - 30°
c =0
0
6 = zoo
//Q/7
Ysat = 120.5 PCF

y
mst
= 105.0 PCF
~ • 30°
c = 0
-IS 6 - zoo ...
Figure 46. System for Example ANCHl
1000 'ANCHORED RETAINING WALL IN GRANULAR SOIL

1010 'DESIGN FOR FS : 1 ON BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
1020 CONTROL A D 1.00 1.00
1030 WALL 30.00 26.00
1050 0.00 30.00
1070 0.00 0.00
1080 SOIL BOTH STRENGTH 1 0.00 0.00
1090 128.50 105.00 30.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00
1100 0.00
WATER ELEVATIONS 62.50 22.00 22.00
1110 VERTICAL UNIFORM RIGHTSIDE 500.00
1120 FINISH
Figure 47. Input file for Example ANCHl
80
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 11:47:35
****************
* INPUT DATA *
****************
I.--HEADING:
'ANCHORED RETAINING WALL IN GRANULAR SOIL
'DESIGN FOR FS = 1 ON BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
!I.--CONTROL
ANCHORED WALL DESIGN
LEVEL 1 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES = 1.00
111.--WALL DATA
ELEVATION AT TOP OF WALL -- 30.00 (FT)
ELEVATION AT ANCHOR -- 26.00 (FT)

IV.A--RIGHTSIDE
WALL ( FT) (FT)
0.00 30.00
IV.B-- LEFTSIDE
WALL (FT) (FT)
0.00 0.00
V.--SOIL LAYER DATA

LEVEL 2 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES = DEFAULT
ANGLE OF ANGLE OF <-SAFETY- >
SAT. MOIST INTERNAL COH- WALL ADH- <--BOTTOM-- > <-FACTOR- >
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF ) (DEG ) (PSF) ( FT) ( FT I FT )
128.50 105.00 30.00 0.0 20.00 0.0 DEF DEF

WGHT. WGHT. FRICTION ESION FRICT ION ESION ELEV. SLOPE ACT . PASS.
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG ) (PSF ) ( FT ) ( FT I FT )
128.50 105.00 30.00 0.0 20.00 0.0 DEF DEF
Fi gure 48. Echoprin t of input data for

Examp le ANCHl (Cont i nued)
81
VI.--WATER DATA
UNIT WEIGHT - 62.50 (PCF)
NO SEEPAGE
VII.--SURFACE LOADS
VII.A.--RIGHTSIDE SURFACE LOADS
VII.A.1.--SURFACE LINE LOADS
NONE
VII.A.2.--SURFACE DISTRIBUTED LOADS
UNIFORM LOAD : 500.00 (PSF)
VII.B.-- LEFTSIDE SURFACE LOADS
NONE
NONE
Figure 48. (Conclude d )
82
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 11:48: 29
****************************
* ANCHORED WALL DESIGN *
****************************
I.--HEADING
!I.--SUMMARY

METHOD •
• FREE EARTH EQUIV. BEAM FIXED EARTH
• -8.46 -13.85 -14.40
• 8.46 13.85 14.40
• - 71921. -54816. -51212.
AT ELEVATION (FT ) •
• 9.00 11.00 11.00
MAX. SCALED OEFL. (LB-IN3): 1.4639E+10 -7.9612E+09 9.3456E+09
AT ELEVATION ( FT) •
• 9.00 -13.85 10.00
ANCHOR FORCE (LB ) •

• 8471 . 7410. 7170.
(NOTE: PENETRATION FOR EQUIVALENT BEAM

METHOD DOES NOT INCLUDE INCREASE
PRESCRIBED BY DRAFT EM 1110-2-2906.)
IN IN**4 TO OBTAIN DEFLECTION IN I NCHES. )
Figure 49. Summary of resul ts for Example ANCHl
83
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 11:48:29
****************************
* BY FREE EARTH METHOD *
****************************
I.--HEADING

!I.--RESULTS (ANCHOR FORCE = 8471. ( LB))
BENDING SCALED NET

30.00 0. 0. -5.4160E+09 139.69
29.00 75. 154. -4.0628E+09 169.03
28.00 318. 338. -2.7093E+09 198.36
27.00 761. 551. -1.3553E+09 227.70
26.00 1430. 793. 0. 257.03
26.00 1430. -7678. o. 257.03
25.00 -6114. -7406. 1.3554E+09 286.37
24.00 -13372. -7105. 2.7003E+09 315 . 70
23.00 -20315. -6775. 4.0221E+09 345.04
22.00 -26912. -6415. 5.3089E+09 374.37
21.00 -33137. -6031. 6.5492E+09 392.81
20.00 -38969. -5629. 7.7323E+09 411.25
19.00 -44389. -5209. 8.8482E+09 429.69
18.00 - 49381 . -4770. 9.8874E+09 448. 13
17.00 -53923. -4313. 1.0841E+10 466.57
16.00 - 58000. -3837. 1.1702E+10 485.01
15.00 -61591. -3343. 1.2463E+10 503.45
14.00 -64679. -2830. 1.3117E+10 521.89
13.00 -67245. -2299. 1.3660E+10 540.33
12 . 00 -69271. -1749. 1.4086E+10 558.77
11.00 -70738. -1181. 1. 4393E+10 577.21
10.00 -71627. -595. 1.4578E+10 595.65
9.00 -71921. 10. 1. 4639E+10 614.09
8.00 -71601. 633. 1.4576E+10 632.52
7.00 -70649. 1275. 1. 4389E+10 650.96
6.00 -69045. 1935. 1.4080E+10 669.40
5.00 -66772. 2614. 1. 3652E+10 687.84
4.00 -63812. 3311. 1. 3109E+10 706.28
3.00 - 60145. 4026. 1. 2455E+10 724.7 2
2.00 -55753. 4760. 1.1698E+10 743.16
1. 00 -50618. 5513. 1.0845E+10 761.60
Figure 50 . Complete results for free earth meth od

for Example ANCHl (Continued)
84
0.00 -44721. 6283. 9.9038E+09 780.04
-1.00 -38108. 6883. 8.8858E+09 419.83
-2.00 -31075. 7123. 7.8020E+09 59.61
-2.17 -29895. 7128. 7.6171E+09 0.00
-3.00 -23982. 7003. 6.6645E+09 -300.60
-4.00 -17189. 6522. 5.4855E+09 -660.81
-5.00 -11058. 5681 . 4.2767E+09 -1021.03
-6.00 -5947. 4480. 3.0487E+09 -1381.24
-7.00 -2218. 2919. 1.8102E+09 -1741.45
-8.00 -230. 997. 5.6757E+08 -2101.67
-8.46 -0. 0. 0. -2266.11

Figure 50. (Con cluded)
85
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 11:48:29
****************************
* BY EQUIV. BEAM METHOD *
****************************
I.--HEADING

!I.--RESULTS (ANCHOR FORCE = 7410. (LB))
BENDING SCALED NET

30.00 o. 0. -3.3642E+09 139.69
29.00 75. 154. -2.5239E+09 169.03
28.00 318. 338. -1.6834E+09 198.36
27.00 761. 551. -8.4240E+08 227.70
26.00 1430. 793. 0. 257.03
26.00 1430. -6616. 0. 257.03
25.00 -5053. -6345. 8.4277E+08 286.37
24.00 -11249. -6044. 1.6769E+09 315.70
23.00 -17130. -5713. 2.4915E+09 345.04
22.00 -22666. -5354. 3.2767E+09 374.37
21.00 -27830. -4970. 4.0227E+09 392.81
20.00 -32600. -4568. 4.7207E+09 411.25
19.00 -36959. -4148. 5.3624E+09 429.69
18.00 -40889. -3709. 5.9403E+09 448. 13
17.00 -44371. -3251. 6.4477E+09 466.57
16.00 -47386. -2775. 6.8784E+09 485.01
15.00 -49915. -2281. 7.2273E+09 503.45
14.00 -51942. -1769. 7.4900E+09 521.89
13.00 -53446. -1237. 7.6630E+09 540.33
12.00 -54411. -688. 7.7438E+09 558.77
11.00 -54816. -120. 7.7306E+09 577.21
10.00 -54644. 466. 7.6228E+09 595.65
9.00 -53877. 1071. 7.4207E+09 614.09
8.00 -52496. 1695. 7.1255E+09 632.52
7.00 -50482. 2336. 6.7397E+09 650.96
6.00 -47817. 2997. 6.2668E+09 669.40
5.00 -44482. 3675. 5.7113E+09 687.84
4.00 -40460. 4372. 5.0791E+09 706.28
3.00 -35732. 5088. 4.3771E+09 724.72
2.00 -30278. 5822. 3.6134E+09 743.16
1.00 -24082. 6574. 2.7975E+09 761.60
Figure 51. Complete results for equivalent beam
method for Example ANCHl (Continued)
86
0.00 -17124. 7345. 1.9401E+09 780.04
-1.00 -9449. 7945. 1.0532E+09 419.83
-2.00 -1355. 8185. 1.5007E+08 59.61
-2.17 0. 8189. 0. 0.00
-3.00 6800. 8064. -7.5541E+08 -300.60
-4.00 14653. 7583. -1.6492E+09 -660.81
-5.00 21846. 6742. -2.5177E+09 -1021.03
-6.00 28018. 5541. -3.3487E+09 -1381.24
-7.00 32809. 3980. -4.1314E+09 -1741.45
-8.00 35858. 2058. -4.8577E+09 -2101.67
-9.00 36806. -223. -5.5223E+09 -2461.88
-10.00 35291. -2865. -6.1237E+09 -2822.09
-11.00 30955. -5868. -6.6645E+09 -3182.31
-12.00 23436. -9230. -7.1523E+09 -3542.52
-13.00 12375. -12953. -7.6000E+09 -3902.73
-13.85 o. -16379. -7.9612E+09 -4207.12

87
DATE: 08/24/89 TIME: 11:48:29
****************************
* BY FIXED EARTH METHOD *
****************************
I.--HEADING

BENDING SCALED NET

30.00 0. 0. -3.7241E+09 139.69
29.00 75. 154. -2.7938E+09 169.03
28.00 318. 338. -1.8634E+09 198.36
27.00 761. 551. -9.3235E+08 227.70
26.00 1430. 793. 0. 257.03
26.00 1430. -6376. 0. 257.03
25.00 -4812. -6104. 9.3280E+08 286.37
24.00 -10769. -5803. 1.8573E+09 315.70
23.00 -16409. -5473. 2.7633E+09 345.04
22.00 -21705. -5113. 3.6409E+09 374.37
21.00 -26628. -4730. 4.4811E+09 392.81
20.00 -31158. -4328. 5.2754E+09 411.25
19.00 -35277. -3907. 6.0158E+09 429.69
18.00 -38967. -3468. 6.6954E+09 448.13
17.00 -42208. -3011. 7.3077E+09 466.57
16.00 -44983. -2535. 7.8471E+09 485.01
15.00 -47272. -2041. 8.3089E+09 503.45
14.00 -49058. -1528. 8.6890E+09 521.89
13.00 -50323. -997. 8.9845E+09 540.33
12.00 -51047. -448. 9.1931E+09 558.77
11.00 -51212. 120. 9.3135E+09 577.21
10.00 -50800. 707. 9.3456E+09 595.65
9.00 -49792. 1312. 9.2899E+09 614.09
8.00 -48170. 1935. 9.1483E+09 632.52
7.00 -45916. 2577. 8.9235E+09 650.96
6.00 -43011. 3237. 8.6195E+09 669.40
5.00 -39436. 3915. 8.2413E+09 687.84
4.00 -35174. 4613. 7.7950E+09 706.28
3.00 -30205. 5328. 7.2880E+09 724.72
2.00 -24511. 6062. 6.7290E+09 743.16
1.00 -18075. 6814. 6.1277E+09 761.60
Figure 52. Complete results for fixed earth method

for Example ANCHl (Continued)
88
0.00 -10876. 7585. 5.4953E+09 780.04
-1.00 -2961. 8185. 4.8442E+09 419.83
-2.00 5374. 8425. 4.1880E+09 59.61
-2.17 6768. 8430. 4.0799E+09 0.00
-3.00 13768. 8304. 3.5411E+09 -300.60
-4.00 21862. 7824. 2.9180E+09 -660.81
-5.00 29296. 6983. 2.3326E+09 -1021.03
-6.00 35708. 5782. 1.7976E+09 -1381.24
-7.00 40739. 4220. 1.3241E+09 -1741.45
-8.00 44028. 2299. 9.2082E+08 -2101.67
-9.00 45216. 17. 5.9328E+08 -2461.88
-10.00 43942. -2625. 3.4353E+08 -2822.09
-11.00 39846. -5627. 1.6929E+08 -3182.31
-12.00 32567. -8990. 6.3455E+07 -3542.52
-13.00 21746. -12712. 1.3384E+07 -3902.73
-14.00 7023. -16795. 3.2791E+05 -4262.95
-14.40 0. -18519. 0. -4406.24

Figure 52. (Conc luded)
89
'MCHCNI«D RI'TAIIIJMG IMLL Ill OIIMUL•• tOIL
'DEIIQH fOR ft • 1 011 lOTH .CTIU£ _..D ~-SSIUI
-l.t£+1~
•
fR[£ EARTH ft[THOD
ANCHOR F'OftC£ • I. 4?13£+t3 < Ll)
DATE: ll/21/18
T I pt[ I . . I 41 118
2S •••
0 1.4li4E+t3 (LI-FT )
AT EL • 2&.tt CFTl
0-7.U~21£+84 <lt-F'T )
AT EL • t.tt CFT)
....
-1.41
I
Figure 53. Bending moment for free earth method for Example ANCHl
'AMC~[D R£TAIMIN~ WALL IM GRANULAR SOIL
' D£51CH FOR '9 • I ON lOTH ACTlUl AMD ~ASSlU[
s.t£A. <LI>
-8.t£+t3 -&.tE+t3 -4.tE+t3 -2.K+t3 t 2.e£+t:J 4.tE+I3 1.1[. .3 1.1[+13
~L[V. " "
FREE EARTH RETHOD
ANCHOR FORCE • 1.4713£+13 Clll
DATE• tUI'211'8U
....
TlrtEa Ul4lU8
28.tl
0 7. 1281E+t:J c Ll >
AT Et • -2.17 CFT)
0 -7.6779E+03 c ll >
AT El • 26.t8 <FTl
I.M
-1.4&
Figure 54. Shear for free earth method for Example ANCHl
'AMCMORII RCTAIMlMQ UALL IN QRAHULAR SOIL
'DESIGN FOR FS • 1 ON lOTH ACTIU£ AND ~ASSIU[
SCAL£D D£FL£CTION CLI-IN3)

s.st+tl t.IE+ll s.lt+tSI t -s.t£+ee
£LEU. CfT)
,_[£ (-.TN "£THOD :M.II

~CNOR FORe£ • 1.4713£+13 <Lil
~T£ I ISI/21/H
Tl .. , . lf14llll
26.11
0 1.463QE+lt <LI-INJ)
AT [L • 9.11 eFT>
0-5.4t6tE+t9 CLI-I~31
AT EL • lt.lt Cff)
1 ...
Figure 55. Scaled deflections for fre e earth method for Example ANCHl
•
··MCHORtD RET-IMINO ~LL IM GRANULAR SOIL
'DlllGN FOR FS • 1 OM lOTH .CTIVE AMD PASSIU[
NET ~tSSUR£ tPSFl

-t.SE+e3 -7.5E+ea • ?.st••z
tLtU. CFTJ
F~E EARTH "ETHOD
~CHOR FORCE •
DATEr eiJ1'2I / 8~
8.4?t3E+t3 CLI)
I
I
....
•
T J f\E :
o
l t a 41 118
7.aee4E+ez < PSF >

AT EL • e.tt CFT>
I
....
0 -z. 266lE+83 < PSF' l
AT El • -8.46 tFT>
....
• -····
Figure 56 . Net pressures for free earth method for Example ANCHl
''"'CHOIIID •ET.-INING w.-u.
IN U.-NuL.-. toiL
'DillON FO. FS • 1 ON lOTH ACTIVE ""D ,,_lllU£
L£FTSlD£ PRESSURES CPSF) RlCHTSIDE PRESSURES CPSF>

PASSIVE
, ••£ .....
3••••
22.ee
••••
I
-1.<46
FREE EARTH "ETHOD
TI PIE: ter 41lll
Figure 57. Active and passive soil pressures for free earth method for Example ANCHl
Example ANCH2
88. The anchored wall shown in Figure 58 was designed using the
automatic seepage option. The input file and echoprint of input for this
system are given in Figures 59 and 60. The initial soil pressures, Figure 61,
are obtained for a beginning trial seepage gradient of 0.0001. Because the
design depth of penetration is different for each anchored wall method, the
final seepage gradient and, hence, final design pressures will be unique for
each procedure.
89. The summary of results, Figure 62, presents the design parameters
obtained for each method. Complete results and final design soil pressures
for the free earth method are shown in Figures 63 and 64. Similar results as
well as graphical output may be selected for any or all of the three methods
employed for anchored wall design.
95
.---
-20
--
f\nchor
- 15
ysat = ymst = 122.5 PCF

4> = 30°
c =0
0 = 0
0
--
ysat = ymst = 122.5 PCF
<P = 30°
c = 0 y = 62.5 PCF
w
5 =0
Automatic Seepage
-30
Figure 58. System for Example ANCH2
1000 'ANCHORED RETAINING WALL IN GRANULAR SOIL

1010 'WITH AUTOMATIC SEEPAGE
1020 C A D 1
1030 WALL 20 15
1030 SUR R 1 0 20
1040 SUR L 1 0 0
1050 SOIL BOTH S 1
1060 122.5 122.5 30 0 0 0
1070 WATER E 62.5 20 0 0 AUTOMATIC
1080 FINISH
Figure 59. Input file for Example ANCH2
96
DATE: 08/25/89
TIME: 08:57:33
****************
* INPUT DATA *
I.--HEADING: ****************
'WITH AUTOMATIC SEEPAGE
!I.--CONTROL
ANCHORED WALL DESIGN
LEVEL 1 FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR ACTIVE PRESSURES = 1.00
III.--WALL DATA
ELEVATION AT TOP OF WALL -- 20.00 (FT)
ELEVATION AT ANCHOR -
- 15.00 ( FT)
IV.A--RIGHTSIDE
WALL (FT) (FT)
0.00 20.00
IV.B-- LEFTSIDE
DIST . FROM ELEVATION
WALL ( FT) (FT)
0.00 0.00
V.--SOIL LAYER DATA
(PCF ) (PCF ) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG ) (PSF) ( FT) ( FT I FT)
122.50 122.50 30.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 DEF DEF
(PCF) (PCF) (DEG) (PSF) (DEG) (PSF) ( FT) ( FT / FT )
122.50 122.50 30.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 DEF DEF
VI. --WATER DATA
UNIT WEIGHT = 62.50 (PCF)
SEEPAGE ELEVATION - 0. 00 (FT )
SEEPAGE GRADIENT - AUTOMATI C
VII. - - SURFACE LOADS
NONE
NONE
Figure 60 . Echoprint of input data for Example ANCH2
97
•
DATE: 08/25/89 TIME: 08:57:42
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING

II.--SOIL PRESSURES
************************************************************
SOIL PRESSURES ARE REPORTED FOR A SEEPAGE GRADIENT = .0001
AND MAY CHANGE WITH AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF THE GRADIENT.
************************************************************
ELEV. PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE
(FT) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF) (PSF)
20.00 0. 0. o. 0. 0.
19.00 0. 0. 8.250E+01 2.000E+01 1. 800E+02
18.00 0. 0. 1. 650E+02 4.000E+01 3.600E+02
17.00 0. 0. 2.475E+02 6.000E+01 5.400E+02
16.00 0. 0. 3.300E+02 8.000E+01 7.200E+02
15.00 0. 0. 4.125E+02 1.000E+02 9.000E+02
14.00 0. 0. 4.950E+02 1.200E+02 1.080E+03
13.00 o. 0. 5.775E+02 1. 400E+02 1.260E+03
12.00 0. 0. 6.600E+02 1. 600E+02 1. 440E+03
11.00 0. 0. 7.425E+02 1.800E+02 1.620E+03
10.00 0. 0. 8.250E+02 2.000E+02 1. 800E+03
9.00 0. 0. 9.075E+02 2.200E+02 1.980E+03
8.00 0. 0. 9.900E+02 2.400E+02 2.160E+03
7.00 0. 0. 1.073E+03 2.600E+02 2.340E+03
6.00 0. 0. 1.155E+03 2.800E+02 2.520E+03
5.00 0. 0. 1.238E+03 3.000E+02 2.700E+03
4.00 o. 0. 1.320E+03 3.200E+02 2.880E+03
3.00 0. 0. 1. 403E+03 3.400E+02 3.060E+03
2.00 0. 0. 1. 485E+03 3.600E+02 3.240E+03
1.00 o. 0. 1.568E+03 3.800E+02 3.420E+03
Figure 61. Initial soil pressure for Example ANCH2 (Sheet 1 of 3)
98
0.00 o. o. 1.650E+03 4.000E+02 3.600E+03
-1.00 1.800E+02 2.000E+01 1. 490E+03 4.200E+02 3.780E+03
-2.00 3.600E+02 4.000E+01 1.330E+03 4.400E+02 3.960E+03
-3.00 5.399E+02 5.999E+01 1.170E+03 4.600E+02 4.140E+03
-4.00 7.199E+02 7.999E+01 1.010E+03 4.800E+02 4.320E+03
-5.00 8.999E+02 9.999E+01 8.500E+02 5.000E+02 4.500E+03
-6.00 1.080E+03 1.200E+02 6.901E+02 5.200E+02 4.680E+03
-7.00 1.260E+03 1.400E+02 5.301E+02 5.400E+02 4.860E+03
-8.00 1.440E+03 1. 600E+02 3.701E+02 5.600E+02 5.040E+03
-9.00 1.620E+03 1.800E+02 2.101 E+02 5.800E+02 5.220E+03
-10.00 1.800E+03 2.000E+02 5.008E+01 6.000E+02 5.400E+03
-10.31 1.856E+03 2.062E+02 0. 6.063E+02 5.457E+03
-11.00 1.980E+03 2.200E+02 -1.099E+02 6.200E+02 5.580E+03
-12.00 2.160E+03 2.400E+02 -2.699E+02 6.400E+02 5.760E+03
-13.00 2.340E+03 2.600E+02 -4.299E+02 6.600E+02 5.940E+03
-14.00 2.520E+03 2.800E+02 -5.899E+02 6.800E+02 6.120E+03
-15.00 2.700E+03 3.000E+02 -7.499E+02 7.000E+02 6.300E+03
-16.00 2.880E+03 3.200E+02 -9.099E+02 7.200E+02 6.480E+03
-17.00 3.060E+03 3.400E+02 -1. 070E+03 7.400E+02 6.660E+03
-18.00 3.240E+03 3.600E+02 -1.230E+03 7.600E+02 6.840E+03
-19.00 3.420E+03 3.800E+02 -1. 390E+03 7.800E+02 7.020E+03
-20.00 3.600E+03 4.000E+02 -1.550E+03 8.000E+02 7.200E+03
-21.00 3.780E+03 4.200E+02 -1. 710E+03 8.200E+02 7.380E+03
-22.00 3.960E+03 4.400E+02 -1.870E+03 8.400E+02 7.560E+03
-23.00 4.140E+03 4.600E+02 -2.030E+03 8.600E+02 7.740E+03
-24.00 4.320E+03 4.800E+02 -2.190E+03 8.801E+02 7.920E+03
-25.00 4.500E+03 4.999E+02 -2.350E+03 9.001E+02 8. 100E+03
-26.00 4.680E+03 5.199E+02 -2.510E+03 9.201E+02 8.280E+03
-27.00 4.859E+03 5.399E+02 -2.670E+03 9.401E+02 8.461E+03
-28.00 5.039E+03 5.599E+02 -2.830E+03 9.601E+02 8.641E+03
-29.00 5.219E+03 5.799E+02 -2.990E+03 9.801E+02 8.821E+03
-30.00 5.399E+03 5.999E+02 -3.150E+03 1. OOOE+03 9.001E+03
-31.00 5.579E+03 6.199E+02 -3.310E+03 1.020E+03 9.181E+03
-32.00 5.759E+03 6.399E+02 -3.470E+03 1.040E+03 9.361E+03
-33.00 5.939E+03 6.599E+02 -3.630E+03 1.060E+03 9.541E+03
-34.00 6.119E+03 6.799E+02 -3.790E+03 1. OBOE+03 9.721E+03
-35.00 6.299E+03 6.999E+02 -3.950E+03 1. 1OOE+03 9.901E+03
-36.00 6.479E+03 7.199E+02 -4.110E+03 1. 120E+03 1. OOBE+04
-37.00 6.659E+03 7.399E+02 -4.270E+03 1. 140E+03 1. 026E+04
-38.00 6.839E+03 7.599E+02 -4.430E+03 1. 160E+03 1. 044E+04
-39.00 7.019E+03 7.799E+02 -4.590E+03 1. 180E+03 1. 062E+04
-40.00 7.199E+03 7.999E+02 -4.750E+03 1.200E+03 1.080E+04
-41.00 7.379E+03 8.199E+02 -4.910E+0 3 1.220E+03 1.098E+04
-42.00 7.559E+03 8.399E+02 -5.070E+03 1.240E+03 1.116E+04
-43.00 7.739E+03 8.599E+02 -5 . 230E+03 1.260E+03 1. 134E+04
-44.00 7.919E+03 8 .799E+02 -5.390E+0 3 1.280E+03 1. 152E+04
99
-45.00 8.099E+03 8.999E+02 -5.550E+03 1.300E+03 1.170E+04
-46.00 8.279E+03 9.199E+02 -5.710E+03 1.320E+03 1 . 188E+04
-47.00 8.459E+03 9.399E+02 -5.870E+03 1.340E+03 .1.206E+04
-48.00 8.639E+03 9.599E+02 -6.030E+03 1. 360E+03 1.224E+04
-49.00 8.819E+03 9.799E+02 -6.190E+03 1.380E+03 1. 242E+04
-50.00 8.999E+03 9.999E+02 -6.350E+03 1. 400E+03 1.260E+04
-51.00 9.179E+03 1.020E+03 -6.510E+03 1. 420E+03 1.278E+04
-52.00 9.359E+03 1. 040E+03 -6.670E+03 1.440E+03 1.296E+04
-53.00 9.539E+03 1.060E+03 -6.830E+03 1.460E+03 1.314E+04
-54.00 9.719E+03 1. 080E+03 -6.990E+03 1. 480E+03 1.332E+04
-55.00 9.899E+03 1.100E+03 -7.150E+03 1. 500E+03 1.350E+04
-56.00 1.008E+04 1.120E+03 -7.310E+03 1.520E+03 1.368E+04
-57.00 1.026E+04 1. 140E+03 -7.470E+03 1.540E+03 1.386E+04
-58.00 1. 044E+04 1.160E+03 -7.630E+03 1.560E+03 1. 404E+04
-59.00 1.062E+04 1.180E+03 -7.790E+03 1.580E+03 1. 422E+04
-60.00 1.080E+04 1.200E+03 -7.950E+03 1.600E+03 1. 440E+04
-61.00 1.098E+04 1.220E+03 -8.109E+03 1.620E+03 1. 458E+04
100
DATE: 08/25/89
TIME: 08:58:38
****************************
****************************
I.--HEADING

!I.--SUMMARY

METHOD : FREE EARTH EQUIV. BEAM FIXED EARTH
• -25.24 -35.17 -33.17
• 25.24 35.17 33.17
• -155632. -107284. -122038.
• -1.00 1. 00 1.00
MAX. SCALED DEFL. (LB-IN3): 3.9502E+10 -1.3715E+10 2.6013E+10
• -4.00 -26.00 -2.00
ANCHOR FORCE (LB) •
• 17684. 14400. 15453.
SEEPAGE GRADIENT •
• .3956 .2841 . 3011
(NOTE: PENETRATION FOR EQUIVALENT BEAM

METHOD DOES NOT INCLUDE INCREASE
PRESCRIBED BY DRAFT EM 1110-2-2906.)
Figure 62. Summary of r esul ts fo r Example ANCH2
101
DATE: 08/25/89 TIME: 08:58:38
***********~****************
* BY FREE EARTH METHOD *
****************************
I.--HEADING

BENDING SCALED NET

(FT) ( LB-FT) (LB) (LB-IN3) (PSF)
20.00 0. 0. -1.7104E+10 0.00
19.00 14. 41. -1.3684E+10 82.50
18.00 110. 165. -1.0264E+10 165.00
17.00 371. 371. -6.8436E+09 247.50
16.00 880. 660. -3.4226E+09 330.00
15.00 1719. 1031. 0. 412.50
15.00 1719. -16652. 0. 412.50
14.00 -14713. -16198. 3.4205E+09 495.00
13.00 -30651. -15662. 6.8156E+09 577.50
12.00 -46010. -15043. 1.0158E+10 660.00
11.00 -60710. -14342. 1.3421E+10 742.50
10.00 -74667. -13558. 1.6579E+10 825.00
9.00 -87800. -12692. 1.9608E+10 907.50
8.00 -100024. -11743. 2.2486E+10 990.00
7.00 -111259. -10712. 2.5190E+10 1072.50
6.00 -121421. -9598. 2.7703E+10 1155.00
5.00 -130428. -8402. 3.0006E+10 1237.50
4.00 -138198. -7123. 3.2084E+10 1320.00
3.00 -144648. -5762. 3.3923E+10 1402.50
2.00 -149695. -4318. 3.5513E+10 1485.00
1. 00 -153257. -2792. 3.6844E+10 1567.50
0.00 -155252. -1183. 3.7911E+10 1650.00
-1.00 -155632. 403. 3.8709E+10 1522.96
-2.00 -154488. 1862. 3.9239E+10 1395.93
-3.00 -151949. 3195. 3.9502E+10 1268.89
-4.00 -148141. 4400. 3.9502E+10 1141.85
-5.00 -143191. 5479. 3.9247E+10 1014.81
-6.00 -137226. 6430. 3.8745E+10 887.78
-7.00 -130374. 7254. 3.8005E+10 760.74
-8.00 -122760. 7951. 3.7040E+10 633.70
-9.00 -114513. 8522. 3.5864E+10 506.66
Figure 63. Complete results for free earth method for

Example ANCH2 (Continued)
102
-10.00 -105760. 8965. 3.4489E+10 379.63
-11.00 -96626. 9281. 3.2932E+10 252.59
-12.00 -87240. 9470. 3.1208E+10 125.55
-12.99 -77840. 9532. 2.9355E+10 0.00
-12.99 -77840. 9531. 2.9355E+10 0.00
-13.00 -77729. 9530. 2.9333E+10 -1.48
-13.00 -77729. 9532. 2.9333E+10 -1.48
-14.00 -68219. 9467. 2.7324E+10 -128.52
-15.00 -58838. 9275. 2.5196E+10 -255.56
-16.00 -49713. 8955. 2.2968E+10 -382.60
-17.00 -40970. 8509. 2.0653E+10 -509.63
-18.00 -32736. 7936. 1.8267E+10 -636.67
-19.00 -25140. 7236. 1.5825E+10 -763.71
-20.00 -18307. 6409. 1.3339E+10 -890.75
-21.00 -12364. 5454. 1.0821E+10 -1017.78
-22.00 -7440. 4373. 8.2821E+09 -1144.82
-23.00 -3660. 3165. 5.7300E+09 -1271.86
-24.00 -1153. 1829. 3.1713E+09 -1398.89
-25.00 -44. 367. 6.1042E+08 -1525.93
-25.24 0. 0. 0. -1556.21
103
IV.--SOIL PRESSURES
ELEVATION < LEFTSIDE PRESSURE (PSF)> <RIGHTSIOE PRESSURE (PSF)>
(FT) PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE
20.00 0. 0. 0. 0.
19.00 0. 0. 20. 180.
18.00 0. 0. 40. 360.
17.00 0. 0. 60. 540.
16.00 0. 0. 80. 720.
15.00 0. 0. 100. 900.
14.00 0. 0. 120. 1080.
13.00 0. 0. 140. 1260.
12.00 0. 0. 160. 1440.
11.00 0. 0. 180. 1620.
10.00 0. 0. 200. 1800.
9.00 0. 0. 220. 1980.
8.00 0. 0. 240. 2160.
7.00 0. 0. 260. 2340.
6.00 o. 0. 280. 2520.
5.00 0. 0. 300. 2700.
4.00 0. 0. 320. 2880.
3.00 0. 0. 340. 3060.
2.00 0. 0. 360. 3240.
1.00 0. 0. 380. 3420.
0.00 0. 0. 400. 3600.
-1.00 106. 12. 428. 3854.
-2.00 212. 24. 456. 4108.
-3.00 318. 35. 485. 4362.
-4.00 423. 47. 513. 4617.
-5.00 529. 59. 541. 4871.
-6.00 635. 71. 569. 5125.
-7.00 741. 82. 598. 5379.
-8.00 847. 94. 626. 5633.
-9.00 953. 106. 654. 5887.
-10.00 1058. 118. 682. 6142.
-11.00 1164. 129. 711. 6396.
-12.00 1270. 141. 739. 6650.
-12.99 1375. 153. 767. 6901.
-13.00 1376. 153. 767. 6904.
-14.00 1482. 165. 795. 7158.
-15.00 1588. 176. 824. 7412.
-16.00 1693. 188. 852. 7667.
-17.00 1799. 200. 880. 7921.
-18.00 1905. 212. 908. 8175.
-19.00 2011. 223. 937. 8429.
-20.00 2117. 235. 965. 8683.
-21.00 2223. 247. 993. 8937.
-22.00 2328. 259. 1021. 9192.
-23.00 2434. 270. 1050. 9446.
-24.00 2540. 282. 1078. 9700.
-25.00 2646. 294. 1106. 9954.
-25.28 2676. 297. 1114. 10026.
Figure 64. Final soil pressures for free earth method

for Example ANCH2
104
REFERENCES
Bowles, Joseph E. 1977. Foundation Analysis and Design. 2d ed., McGraw-Hill,

New York.
Dawkins, W. P. 1982 (Jun). "User's Guide: Computer Program for Analysis of
Beam-Column Structures With Nonlinear Supports (CBEAMC)," Instruction
Report K-82-6, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Headquarters, Department of the Army. 1970 (Nov). "Engineering and Design,
Design of Pile Structures and Foundations, EM 1110-2-2906 (Draft),"
Washington, DC.
Richart, F. E., Jr. 1960 (Feb). "Anchored Bulkhead Design by Numerical
Method," Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, American
Society of Civil Engineers, Vol 86, No. SMl.
Terzaghi, K. 1943. Theoretical Soil Mechanics, Wiley, New York.
United States Steel Corporation. 1974. "Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual,"
Pittsburgh, PA.
105
APPENDIX A: GUIDE FOR DATA INPUT
Source of Input
1. Input data may be supplied from a predefined data file or from the
user terminal during execution . If data are supplied from the user terminal,
prompting messages are printed to indicate the amount and character of data to
be entered.
Data Editing
2. When all data for a problem have been entered, the user is offered
the opportunity to review an echoprint of the currently available input data
and to revise any or all sections of the input data before execution is
attempted. When editing is performed during execution, each section must be
entered in its entirety.
Input Data File Generation
3. After data have been entered from the terminal, either initially or
after editing, the user may direct the program to write the input data to a
permanent file in input data file format.
Data Format
4. All input data (whether supplie d from the user terminal or from a
file) are read in free-field format:
a. Data items must be separate d by one or more blanks (COMMA
SEPARATORS ARE NOT PERMITTED).
b. Integer numbers must b e of form NNNN.
c. Real numbers may be of form
+xxxx, +xx.xx, or +xx.xxE+ee
d. User responses to all r e ques ts for contro l by the program for
alphanumeric input may be abbreviated by the first letter of t h e
indicated word re s ponse, e.g. ,
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'--respond Y or N
ENTER 'CONTINUE' OR 'END'--respond C orE
Al
Sections of Input
5. Input data are divided into the following sections:

I.HEADING (Required).
II.CONTROL (Required).
III.WALL DATA (Required).
IV.SOIL SURFACE DATA (Required).
V.SOIL PROFILE DATA (Required).
VI.WATER DATA (Optional).
VII.VERTICAL LOAD DATA (Optional).
VIII.HORIZONTAL LOAD DATA (Optional).
IX.TERMINATION (Required).
Units
6. The program expects data to be provided in units of inches, feet, or

pounds as noted in the guide that follows. No provision is made for conver-
sion to other systems of units by the program.
Predefined Data File
7. In addition to the general format requirements given in paragraph 4

of Appendix A, the following items pertain to a predefined data file and to
the input data description which follows:
a. Each line must commence with a nonzero, positive line number,
denoted LN.
Q. A line of input may require both alphanumeric and numeric data
items. Alphanumeric data items are enclosed in single quotes in
the following paragraphs.
c. A line of input may require a keyword. The acceptable abbrevia-
tion for the keyword is indicated by underlined capital letters,
e.g . , the acceptable abbreviation for the keyword 'SUrface' is
'SU'.
d. Lower case words in single quotes indicate that a choice of
keywords defined follows.
~. Items designated by upper case letters and numbers without
quotes indicate numeric data values. Numeric data values are
either real or integer according to standard FORTRAN variable
naming conventions.
A2
f. Data items enclosed in brackets ( ] may not be required. Data
items enclosed in braces { } indicate special note follows.
g. Input data are divided into the sections discussed in this
appendix, paragraph 5. Except for the heading, each section
consists of a header line and one or more data lines.
h. Comment lines may be inserted in the input file by enclosing the
line, following the line number, in parentheses. Comment lines
are ignored, e.g.,
1234~ (THIS LINE IS IGNORED).
Sequence of Solutions
8. A predefined data file may contain a sequence of input data sets to

be run in succession. The first data set must contain all required data (from
HEADING through TERMINATION) for the problem. Subsequent data sets may
contain an independent problem or may contain data which amend existing input
data.
General Discussion of Input Data
9. Each data section contains a descriptor ('side') to indicate the

side of the system to which the data apply. For symmetric effects
('side'= 'Both'), the data section is entered only once and symmetric data
are applied to both sides automatically. For unsymmetric conditions, the
description for the right side (if present) must be entered first and must be
immediately followed by the description for the left side (if present).
10. Rightside and leftside descriptions must be supplied either ex-
plicitly or implicitly (i.e., 'side' = 'Both') for surface points and soil
profile data sections. Other data may be supplied either for the right side
or left side, or both, or may be omitted entirely.
Input Description
11. HEADING--One (1) to four (4) lines

a. Line contents
LN 'heading'
A3
b. Definition
~heading' = any alphanumeric information up to 70 characters
including LN and any embedded blanks; first
nonblank character following LN must be a single
quote (').
12. CONTROL--One (1) line
a. Line contents
LN ~control' 'type' ~mode' (FSAl (FSPl]]
b. Definitions
~~ontrol' - section title.
~type' - ~cantilever' or ~Anchored'.
~mode' - ~Analysis' or 'Design'.

(FSAl] - factor of safety to be applied for active earth
pressures; assumed to be one if omitted if ~mode'
= Design.
[FSPl] - factor of safety to be applied for passive earth
pressures; assumed to be equal to FSAl if omitted
and ~mode' = ~Design'; omit if FSAl is omitted;
omit if 'mode' = 'Analysis'.
c. Discussion
(1) In the ~Design' mode, FSAl and FSPl are the default
factors of safety to be applied to all soil layers on each
side of the wall unless overridden in subsequent data.
(2) In the ~Analysis' mode:
(a) If both FSAl and FSPl are omitted, a single factor of
safety is determined and applied for active and
passive pressures. Any subsequent factors of safety
are ignored.
(b) If FSAl is supplied, the input value is the default
factor of safety to be applied to all soil layers on
each side of the wall unless overridden in subsequent
data. The program determines the value of FSPl.
13. WALL DATA--One (1) line
a. Line contents
LN 'WAll' ELTOP (ELANCH] [ELBOT WALLE WALLI)
b. Definitions
~wAll' - section title.
ELTOP - elevation (FT) at top of wall.
[ELANCH) -elevation (FT) at anchor; omit if ~type'
= ~Cantilever' .
[ELBOT] - elevation (FT) at bottom of wall; omit if ~mode'

= 'Design'.
A4
[WALLE] =Modulus of elasticity (PSI) of wall; omit if 'mode'
~ 'Design'.
(WALL!] =wall moment of inertia (IN. 4 ) per foot of wall; omit

if 'mode' = '~esign'.
14. SOIL SURFACE DATA--One (1) or more lines
~. Line contents
LN 'SUrface' {'side'} NSUR DSUR(l) ELSUR(l)
[----- DSUR(n) ELSUR(n)]
Q. Definitions
'SUrface' = section title
{'side')- 'Leftside', 'Rightside', or 'Both'.
NSUR = number of surface points (1 to 15) on this
{'side').
DSUR(i) = horizontal distance (FT) from wall to ith surface
point.
ELSUR(i) = elevation (FT) at ith surface point.
c. Discussion
(1) If identical soil surfaces exist on each side of the wall,
i.e., 'side' = 'Both', enter data for rightside surface.
The program will generate a mirror image for the left
side.
(2) At least one surface point must be provided. Up to 21
surface points are permitted. Pairs of DSUR(i) and
ELSUR(i) may be continued on subsequent lines following a
line number.
(3) If DSUR(l) is greater than zero, a horizontal surface is
assumed at ELSUR(l) from the wall to a distance DSUR(l).
(4) ELSUR(l) must be less than or equal to ELTOP; ELSUR(l)
must be greater than ELBOT if 'mode' = 'Analysis'.
(5) If more than one surface point is provided, a broken
surface is assumed and soil pressures will be calculated
by the wedge method. Distances and elevations must begin
with the point nearest the wall and progress outward.
(6) If different surface conditions exist on each side,
surface descriptions must be entered twice, once for the
'Rightside' and once for the 'Leftside'.
(7) The surface is assumed to extend horizontally ad infinitum
at the elevation of the last point provided.
15. SOIL PROFILE DATA--Two (2) or more lines
a. Control--One (1) line
(1) Line contents
LN 'liQil' {'side') {'type'} NLAY [FSA2 [FSP2]]
AS
(2) Definitions
'SOil' - section title.
{'side'}= 'Rightside', '1eftside', or ' Both'.
{'type'}~ 'Strengths' if internal friction and/or soil
cohesions and wall friction angles are
provided. Required if {'mode'}- 'Analysis' or
if a broken surface exists on this {'side'}.
- 'Coefficients' if active and passive pressure
coefficients are provided. Not allowed if
{'mode'}- 'Analysis or if broken surface
exists on this {'side'}.
NLAY = number of soil layers (1 to 15) on this
{'side'} .
[FSA2] = factor of safety for active pressures to be
applied to all soil layers on this {'side'};
overrides FSAl; assumed to be equal to FSAl if
omitted or entered as zero. Omit if
{'type'}- 'Coefficients'. Ignored for {'mode'}
- 'Analysis' if FSAl is omitted; ignored if
{'type'}- 'Coefficients'.
[FSP2] - factor of safety for passive pressures to be
applied to all soil layers on this {'side'};
overrides FSPl; assumed to be equal to FSPl for
'Design' if omitted; omit if FSA2 is omitted;
ignored if {'mode'}- 'Analysis'; ignored if
('type'}- 'Coefficients'.
b. Soil layer data for ('type'}- 'Strengths'--NLAY lines, one (1)
line for each layer
(1) Line contents
LN GAMSAT GAMMST PHI C DELTA ADH [ELLAYB
SLOBOT)
[FSA3 [FSP3]]
(2) Definitions
GAMSAT = saturated unit weight (PCF) of soil (program
subtracts unit weight of water from GAMSAT to
obtain effective unit weight of submerged
soil).
GAMMST- unit weight (PCF) of soil above water .
PHI= angle of internal friction (DEG).
C- cohesion (PSF) .
DELTA- angle of wall friction (DEG).
ADH- unit wall/soil adhesion (PSF).
[ELLAYB] - Elevation (FT) at intersection of bottom of
layer with wall; omit if last layer.
A6
[SLOBOT] - slope (FT) of bottom of layer; interpreted as
rise per foot horizontal; positive if layer
boundary slopes upward; omit if last layer.
[FSA3] = factor of safety for active pressures to be
applied to this layer; overrides FSA2; assumed
to be equal to FSA2 if omitted or entered as
zero; ignored if FSAl is omitted for 'Analysis'.
[FSP3] = factor of safety for passive pressures to be
applied to this layer; overrides FSP2; assumed
to be equal to FSP2 if omitted; omit if FSA3 is
omitted; ignored for ('mode'}= 'Analysis'.
(3) Discussion
(a) At least one soil layer on each side of the wall is
required. Up to 15 layers on each side of the wall
are permitted.
(b) Soil layer data must commence with the top layer and
proceed sequentially downward.
(c) The last soil layer on each side is assumed to extend
ad infinitum downward.
(d) Both PHI and C cannot be zero for any layer.
(e) DELTA must be positive and less than PHI for each
layer.
(f) ADH must be positive and less than C for each layer.
(g) Bottom slopes of adjacent soil layers must not
intersect within the soil mass.
(h) Layer bottom elevations must conform to:
ELLAYB(l) < ELTOP
ELLAYB(l) < ELSUR( )
ELLAYB(l) > ELBOT if {'mode'}- 'Analysis'
ELLAYB(i) < ELLAYB(i-1)
(i) The program will generate identical soil laye r
descriptions for both sides of the wall if {'side'}
= 'Both' .
(j) If different soil profiles exist on each side of the
wall, soil layer data must be entered twice, once for
the 'Rightside' and once for the 'Leftside'.
(k) Layer data for {'type'} = 'Strengths' must be avail-
able if {'mode '} = 'Analysis'.
(1) 0 If any soil layer boundary on either side has a
nonzero slope, soil pressures on that side are
calculated by the we dge method .
c. Soil layer data for {'type '} - ' Coe f fic i e n t s ' --NLAY lines, one
(1) line for each layer
A7
(1) Line contents
LN GAMSAT GAMMST AK PK [ELLAYB]
(2) Definitions
GAMSAT = saturated unit weight (PCF) of soil (program
subtracts unit weight of water from GAMSAT to
obtain effective unit weight of submerged
soil).
GAMMST- unit weight of soil above water.
AK - active soil pressure coefficient.
PK - passive soil pressure coefficient.
[ELLAYB] - elevation (FT) at intersection of bottom layer
with wall; omit if last layer.
(3) Discussion
(a) At least one soil layer on each side of wall. Up to
15 soil layers on each side of the wall are
permitted .
(b) Soil layer data must commence with the top layer and
proceed sequentially downward.
(c) The last soil layer is assumed to extend ad infinitum
downward.
(d) Both AK and PK must be nonzero.
(e) Layer boundary elevations must conform to:
ELLAYB(l) < ELTOP
ELLAYB(l) < ELLAYB(i-1)
16. WATER DATA--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines; entire section may
be omitted; choose one, a or Q, of the following:
a. Water elevations provided
(1) Line contents
LN 'WATer Elevations' GAMWAT ELWATR ELWATL
[ELSEEP {seep spec}]
(2) Definitions
'WATer Elevations' = section title.
GAMWAT - unit weight (PCF) of water.
ELWATR - elevation (FT) of water surface on
rightside.
ELWATL = elevation (FT) of water surface on
leftside.
ELSEEP - elevation (FT) on rightside at which
seepage commences; omit if seepage
is not to be considered; omit if
ELWATR < ELWATL.
A8
{seep spec} -seepage gradient SEEP (FT/FT); 0 <
SEEP < 1; omit if ELSEEP omitted.
- 'Automatic' if seepage gradient is to
be determined by program to result
in zero net water pressure at bottom
of wall; omit if ELSEEP omitted.
(3) Discussion
(a) Effective soil unit weight for submerged soil is
calculated in the program by subtracting the effec-
tive weight of water from the saturated unit weight
of the soil.
(b) ELWATR and ELWATL must be less than or equal to
ELTOP.
(c) Seepage effects cannot be included unless ELWATR >
ELWATL.
(d) ELSEEP must conform to the following:
ELSEEP < MIN (ELWATR, ELSUR (rights ide 1))
ELSEEP > MIN (ELWATL, ELSUR (lefts ide 1))
(e) If the seepage gradient, SEEP, is provided, the
resulting net water pressure may not be zero at the
bottom of the wall.
(f) If {seep specs} = 'Automatic' is specified, the
seepage gradient is determined by the program to
enforce zero net water pressure at the bottom of the
wall.
(g) If seepage is to be considered for 'mode' =
'Analysis', ELWATL must be greater than ELBOT .
b. Net water pressures specified--One (1) or more lines
(1) Line contents
LN 'WATer Pressure' NWPR ELWPR(l) WPR(l)
ELWPR(2) WPR(2) . . . ELRPS(n) WPR(n)
(2) Definitions
'WATer Pressure' - section title.
NWPR = number (2 to 21) of points on water
pressure distribution.
ELWPR(i) = elevation (FT) of ith pressure point.
WPR(i) - net water pre ssure at ith pressure
point, positive to left.
(3) Discussion
(a) At least two (2) pressure points must be provided. A
maximum of 21 pressure points is permitted . Pairs of
ELWPR(i), WPR(i) may be continued on subsequent lines
following a line number.
A9
(b) Elevations must begin at uppermost point and proceed
downward with:
ELWPR(l) < ELTOP
ELWPR(i) < ELWPR(i - 1)
(c) Specified water pressures do not alter soil pres-
sures. GAMMST is used for the effective weight of
soil at all elevations on both sides of the wall.
17. VERTICAL LOADS ON SURFACE - -Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines;
entire section may be omitted.
~· Line loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
(1) Line contents
LN 'Yertical 1ine' {'side'} NVL DL(l) QL(l)
. . . DL(n) QL(n)
(2) Definitions
'Vertical Line' = subsection title.
NVL - number of line loads (1 to 21) on this
( ' side ' } .
('side'}= 'Rightside', 'Leftside', or 'Both'.
DL(i) - distance (FT) to line load.
QL(i) = magnitude (PLf) of line load; positive
downward .
(3) Discussion
(a) If {'side'}= 'Both', mirror image line loads are
generated on each side of the wall.
(b) Up to 21 line loads may be applied to the surface on
each side of the wall.
(c) Pairs of DL(i), QL(i) may be continued on subsequent
lines following a line number.
(d) DL(i) must be greater than zero .
(e) QL(i) must be greater than or equal to zero (i.e.,
upward loads are not permitted).
Q. Distributed loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines. Only one
of the following distributed load types may be applied on
either side of the wall:
(1) Uniform load--Zero (0) or one (1) line
(a) Line contents
LN 'Vertical Uniform' {'side'} QU
(b) Definitions
'Vertical Uniform' - subsection title.
('side'}= 'Rightside', 'Leftside', or
'Both'.
AlO
QU = magnitude (PSF) of uniform load,
positive downward.
(c) Discussion
1. A uniform load is interpreted as acting on the
horizontal projection of the surface.
£. The uniform load extends to infinity away from
the wall.
3. If ('side'}= 'Both', identical uniform loads are
applied to the surface on each side of the wall.
4. QU must be greater than or equal to zero (i.e.,
upward load is not permitted).
(2) Strip loads - -Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
(a) Line contents
LN 'Vertical Strip' {'side'} NVS DSl(l)
DS2(1) QS(l) [ . . . DSl(n) DS2(n) QS(n)]
(b) Definitions
'Vertical Strip' - subsection title.
{'side'}- 'Rightside', 'Leftside', or
'Both' .
NVS - number (1 to 21) of strip loads.
DSl(i) = distance (FT) from wall to beginn-
ing of 'Strip' load .
DS2(i) - distance (FT) from wall to end of
strip load.
QS(i) - magnitude (PSF) of strip load,
positive downward.
(c) Discussion
1. A strip load is interpreted as acting on the
£. Up to 21 strip loads may be applied on either
side of the wall. Triads of DSl(i), QS(i),
DS2(i) may be continued on subsequent lines
3. QS(i) must be greater than or equal to zero
(i.e., upward load is not permitted).
4. Distances must conform to:
DSl(i) > Zero
DS2(i) > QSl(i)
5. If {'side'}= 'Both', mirror image strip loads
are applied to the surface on each side of the
wall.
All
(3) Ramp loads - -Zero (0) or one (1) line
(a) Line contents
LN 'Vertical Ramp' {'side'} DRl DR2 QR
(b) Definitions
'Vertical Ramp' - subsection title.
{'side'}- 'Rightside', 'Leftside', or 'Both'.
DRl - distance (FT) from wall to
beginning of ramp load.
DR2 = distance (FT) to end of ramp.
QR = magnitude (PSF) of uniform load
extension of ramp load, positive
downward.
(c) Discussion
1. A ramp load is interpreted as acting on the
£. Only one ramp is permitted on each side of the
wall.
3. Distances must conform to
DRl > Zero
DR2 > DRl
4. QR must be greater than or equal to zero (i.e.,
upward load is not permitted).
5. If {'side'}= 'Both', mirror image ramp loads are
applied to the surface on each side of the wall.
(4) Triangular loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
(a) Line contents
LN 'Vertical Triangular' {'side'} NVT
DTl(l) DT2(1) DT3(1) QT(l)
[ . . . DTl(n) DT2(n) DT3(n) QT(n)]
(b) Definitions
'Vertical Triangular' - subsection title.
{'side'}- 'Rightside', '1eftside' ,or
'Both' .
NVT - number (1 to 21) of trian-
gular loads.
DTl(i) = distance (FT) from wall to
beginning of triangular load.
DT2(i) - distance (FT) from wall to
peak of triangular load.
DT3(i) - distance (FT) from wall to
end of triangular load.
Al2
QT(i) ~ magnitude (PSF) of load at
peak of triangular load,
positive downward.
(c) Discussion
1 . A triangular load is interpreted as acting on the
2. Up to 21 triangular loads may be applied on
either side of the wall. Quartets of DTl(i),
DT2(i), DT3(i), and QT(i) may be continued on
subsequent lines fol l owing a l ine number.
1. Distances must conform to:
DTl(i) > Zero
DT2(i) > DTl(i) if DT3(i) = DT2(i)
DT3(i) > DT2(i) if DT2(i) - DTl(i)
DT3(i) > DTl(i)
4. QT(i) must be greater than or equal to zero
(i . e., upward loads are not permitted).
2. If {'side'} = 'Both', mirror image triangular
loads are applied to the surface on each side of
the wall.
(5) Variable distributed loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more
lines
(a) Line contents
LN 'Vertical Variable' {'side'} NVV DV(l)
QV(l)
[ DV ( 2) QV ( 2) . . . DV ( n) QV ( n) ]
(b) Definitions
' Vertical Variable' - subsection title.
{'side '} - 'Rightside', '1efts ide', or
'Both' .
NVV - number (2 to 21) of points on
variable load distribution.
DV(i) - distance (FT) to ith point on
distribution.
QV(i) = magnitude (PSF) of distributed
load at ith point on distribu-
tion, positive downward .
(c) Discussion
1. A variable l oad distribution is interpre ted as
acting on the horizontal proj ec tion of the
surface .
Al3
2. At least two points on a distribution are re-
quired. Up to 21 points are permitted . Points
on the distribution must conform to:
DV(l) > Zero
DV(i) > DV(i-1)
3. QV(i) must be greater than or equal to zero
(i.e., upward loads are not permitted).
4. Only one variable distribution is permitted on
each side of the wall.
5. If {'side'}= 'Both', mirror image distributions
are applied to the surfaces on each side of the
wall.
18. HORIZONTAL LOADS--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines; entire section
may be omitted.
g. Horizontal line loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
(1) Line contents
LN 'Horizontal Line' NHL ELL(l) HL(l)
[ . . • ELL(n) HL(n)]
(2) Definitions
'Horizontal Line' - subsection title .
NHL = number (1 to 21) of line loads.
ELL(i) - elevation (FT) at ith line load.
HL(i) - magnitude (PLF) of ith line load,
positive to left.
(3) Discussion
(a) Up to 21 horizontal line loads may be applied to the
wall. Pairs of EL(i), HL(i) may be continued on
subsequent lines following a line number.
(b) ELL(i) must be less than TOPEL.
Q. Horizontal distributed loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
(1) Line contents
LN 'Horizontal Distributed' NHD ELD(l) HD(l)
ELD(2) HD(2) [ . . . ELD(n) HD(n)]
(2) Definitions
'Horizontal Distributed' - subsection title
NHD - number (2 to 21) of points on
load distribution.
ELD(i) - elevation (FT) at ith point on
distribution.
Al4
HD(i) - magnitude (PSF) of distributed
load at ith point on
distribution.
(3) Discussion
(a) A least two (2) points on a distribution are re-
quired. Up to 21 points are permitted. Pairs of
ELD(i), HD(i) may be continued on subsequent lines
(b) Points on the distribution must conform to:
ELD(l) < ELTOP
ELD(i) < ELD(i-1)
ELD(NHD) >MIN (Rightside ELSUR(l), Leftside
ELSUR(l))
£. Horizontal earthquake acceleration--Zero (0) or one (1) line
(1) Line contents
LN 'Horizontal Acceleration' EQACC
(2) Definitions
'Horizontal Acceleration' - subsection title.
EQACC - earthquake accelera-
tion (G's), positive
numer, 0.0 < EQACC < 1.0.
(3) Discussion
(a) Earthquake acceleration is assumed to increase
horizontal soil and water loads on their right side
and to decrease horizontal soil and water loads on
the left side of the wall.
(b) If a water pressure distribution has been provided,
earthquake effects on water pressure are ignored.
19. TERMINATION--One (1) line
a. Line contents
LN 'Finish' [{'option')]
Q. Definitions
'Finish' -keyword .
{'option'}- 'Keep' or 'New'; omit it this is last line in data
file.
£. Discussion
(1) If {'option'} = 'Keep', data sections (or s ubsections)
which follow up to next 'Finish' replace corresponding
sections (or subsections) in preceding problem and program
automatically restarts. The 'Keep' option provides for
replacing part of the data in the preceding problem
without reentering an entire problem description, e.g.,
AlS
1000 'NEW HEADING LINE 1
1010 'NEW HEADING LINE 1
Replaces all previous heading lines.
2000 CONTROL ANCHORED ANALYSIS
Results in analysis of an anchored wall . This
alteration may require a new 'Wall' data
section.
3000 VERTICAL LINE RIGHTSIDE 10 . 100.
Replaces all vertical line loads on the right-
side surface with a single load of 100 PLF at
10 FT from the wall.
(2) If {'option'}= 'Keep' and a section (or subsection) title
appears without other data on the line, that section (or
subsection) is omitted, e.g.,
4000 VERTICAL STRIP LEFTSIDE
Removes all 'Strip' loads on the leftside sur-
face; rightside loads are unaffected.
4010 VERTICAL
Removes all vertical loads on both surfaces.
(3) A required section or subsection may not be removed--only
replaced.
(4) If {'option'}= 'New', it is assumed that an entire new
problem description follows and the program automatically
restarts. The 'New' option provides for solving several
separate problems using a single input data file.
Abbreviated Input Guide
20. HEADING--One (1) to four (4) lines

LN 'heading'
[LN 'heading']
[ LN 'heading' ]
[ LN 'heading' ]
21. CONTROL--One (1) line
{'Cantilever' } 'Design'
-
LN 'Control' { } [FSAl [FSPl]]
'Anchored' 'Analysis'
22. WALL DATA--One (1) line
LN 'HALl' ELTOP [ELANCH] [ELBOT WALLE WALL!]
23. SURFACE DATA--One (1) or more lines
LN {'SUrface'} {'side'} NSUR DSUR(l) ELSUR(l) [DSUR(2)
ELSUR(2) . . . DSUR(n) ELSUR(n)]
Al6
24. SOIL DATA--Two (2) or more lines
g. Control--one (1) line
LN 'SOil' { 'side' } { 'Strengths' } NI.AY [FSA2 (FSP2]]

'~oefficients'
Q. Layer data--Nl.AY lines

(1) Data lines for 'Strengths'
LN GAMSAT GAMMST PHI C DELTA
ADH [ELLAYB SLOBOT] [FSA3 [FSP3]]
(2) Data lines for '~oefficients'
LN GAMSAT GAMMST AK PK [ ELLAYB]
25. WATER DATA--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
g. Water elevation data
LN 'WATer Elevations' GAMWAT ELWATR ELWATL
[ELSEEP {SEEP }]
'Automatic'
Q. Water pressure data
LN 'WATer Pressure' NWPR ELWPR(l) WPR(l) ELWPR(2)
WPR(2)
(LN ELWPR(3) WPR(3) . . . ELWPR(n) WPR(n)]
26. VERTICAL LOAD DATA
a. Line loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
LN 'Vertical Line' {'side'} NVL DL(l) QL(l)
(LN DL(2) QL(2) . . . DL(n) QL(n)]
b. Uniform load--Zero (0) to two (2) lines
LN 'Vertical Uniform' {'side'} QU
c. Strip loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
LN ' Vertical Strip' { 'side' } NVS DSl(l) DS2(1) QS(l)
[LN DS1(2) DS2(2) QS(2) . . DSl(n) DS2(n) QS(n)]
d. Ramp loads--Zero (0) or one (1) line
LN 'Vertical Ramp' { 'side' } DRl DR2 QR
~·
Triangular loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
LN 'Yertical Triangular' { 'side' } NVT DTl(l) DT2(1)
DT3(1) QT(l)
[LN DT1(2) DT2(2) DT3(2) QT(2) . DTl(n) DT2(n)
DT3(n) QT(n)]
f. Variable loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
LN ' Vertical Variable' {'side ' } NVV DV(l) QV(l)
DV(2) QV(2)
[LN DV(3) QV(3) . . DV(n) QV(n)
Al7
27 . HORIZONTAL LOAD DATA
a. Line loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
LN 'Horizontal Line' NHL ELL(l) HL(l)
[LN ELL(2) HL(2) • • . ELL(n) HL(n))
b. Distributed loads--Zero (0) or one (1) or more lines
LN 'Horizontal Distributed' NHD ELD(l) HD(l) ELD(2)
HD(2)
(LN ELD ( 3 ) HD ( 3 ) . . . ELD ( n) HD ( n) )
£. Earthquake acceleration--Zero (0) or one (1) line
LN 'Horizontal Acceleration' EQACC
28. TERMINATION--One (1) line
LN 'Finish' ( ( 'Keep' } )
'New'
Al8

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no.

CWALSHT, called X0031 in the Conversationally Oriented Real-Time £rogram-

Coding and Data Format

CWALSHT is written in FORTRAN and is operational on the following systems:

~. WES Honeywell DPS/8.

b. Local District Harris 500 Series.

c. Power Computing Company, Cyber 865.

g. Micro Computer IBM PC/XT/AT compatibles.

How to Use CWALSHT

WES Honeywell System

to initiate execution of the program. The program is then a s described in

Power Computing Company

The log-on procedure is followed by a call to the CORPS procedure file

to initiate execution of the program. An example is:

12/15/86, SEE EXPLAIN, WARNING.

to initiate execution of the program.

** GOOD MORNING CORPS-LIB, IT'S 15 DEC 86 11:42:3~

How to Use CORPS

On the Power Computing Company computer system, the commands are:

2b. DECLASSIFICATION I DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Approved for public release; distribution

3909 Halls Ferry Road

11 . TITLE (Include Security Classification)

19. ABSTRAcr (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

20. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continued).

Computer-Aided Structu ral Retaining walls

ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAM ABSTRACT

Performs either a design or analysis of an anchored or cantilever sheet pile

Graphics Terminal or PC AT or compatible

Input may be entered from a predefined data file or interactively at execute

Output will be directed to an output file and/or directly back to the

Non-S! units of measurement used in this report can be converted to SI

1. This report describes a computer program called CWALSHT which

2. The remainder of this report is organized as follows:

Sheet Pile Wall

5. A 1-ft* slice of a straight, uniform wall is used for the

6. For anchored walls, a single horizontal anchor may be attached to

7. In subsequent paragraphs, reference is made to the "right" side and

8. The irregular soil surfaces illustrated in Figure 1 provide for all

* A table of factors for converting non-S! units of measurement to SI

--- Leftside Surfa=e

Figure 1. General wall/soil system

10. Each soil layer is assumed to be homogeneous. Properties required

~' - ~sat - ~we

¢eff - tan- l [ (tan ¢) /FS]

where FS is the given or calculated factor of safety.

~. Effective angle of wall friction--S: The program does not

a. Tria l fa ilure wedge

b. Wall slice c. Interior slice d. Terminal s lice

F i gure 2 . Sweep search wed ge meth od

11. The following effects due to water are considered:

Vertical Surcharge Loads

Vertical Line Loads

13. Vertical line loads are assumed to extend horizontally parallel to

15. Two types of external horizontal loads in addition to other soil

Horizontal Line Loads

16. The program permits up to 21 line loads (positive or negative) to

Horizontal Distributed Loads

NORMAL TERMINATION