NAME: SARMAD MUJTABA KHALIL

ROLL NO: 191387

CLASS: BSIT-1(A)

SUBMITTED TO: SIR RIZWAN

LAB REPORT
 LAB REPORT

Exp#01:
Measure the diameter of sphere using Vernier caliper.

APPARATUS:

 Vernier Calliper.
 Solid Sphere.

PROCEDURE:

 First of all, close the jaws to check the zero error of V.C.
 If zero of main scale concedes with the zero of vernier scale, there will be no zero error.
 If zero of vernier scale is on right side of zero of main scale, error will be positive and
vice versa.
 Now, place the sphere inside the jaws of V.C.
 Then check which of the lines of vernier scale is exactly meeting with main scale reading.
 Note the main scale reading and multiply vernier scale reading with least count.
 Add both the readings to get observed value.
 Then apply zero correction.(add or subtract zero error)

TABLE:

No of obs M.S.R V.S.R Obs Reading Final Reading

1. 27mm 0.1mm 27.1mm 27.1mm
2. 26mm 0.1mm 26.1mm 26.1mm
3. 27mm 0.1mm 27.1mm 27.1mm

OBSERVED READING:

M.S+V.S

27mm+0.1mm

27.1mm

FINAL READING:

27.1mm

(Because there is no error in V.C)

 LAB REPORT

EXP#02:
Find Diameter of small solid cylinder using screw gauge.

APPARATUS:

 Screw Gauge.
 Solid Cylinder.

PROCEDURE:

 First of all, close the jaw of screw gauge through ratchet.

 If the zero of circular scale concedes with the base line, there will be no zero error.
 If the zero of circular scale is below the base line on main scale, error will be positive
and vice versa.
 Place the cylinder in jaws of screw gauge and rotate the ratchet clockwise.
 Note the main scale reading and multiply circular scale reading with L.C.
 Add both the readings to get observed value.
 Then apply zero correction(add or subtract L.C).

ZERO ERROR:

-ve= 4x0.01mm

-ve= 0.04mm

READINGS:

M.S= 5mm

C.S= nxL.C

=45x0.01mm

=0.45mm

OBSERVED:

= M.S+C.S

= 5mm+0.45mm
 = 5.45mm

FINAL READING:

= 5.45mm+0.04mm

= 5.49mm
 LAB REPORT

EXP#03:
Find Diameter of sphere using Screw Gauge.

APPARATUS:

 Screw gauge,
 Solid Sphere.

PROCEDURE:

 First of all, close the jaw of screw gauge through ratchet.

 If the zero of circular scale concedes with the base line, there will be no zero error.
 If the zero of circular scale is below the base line on main scale, error will be positive
and vice versa.
 Place the solid sphere in jaws of screw gauge and rotate the ratchet clockwise.
 Note the main scale reading and multiply circular scale reading with L.C.
 Add both the readings to get observed value.
 Then apply zero correction(add or subtract L.C).

ZERO ERROR:

-ve= 4x0.01mm

-ve= 0.04mm

READINGS:

M.S= 8.5

C.S= 36x0.01mm

= 0.36mm

OBSERVED:

M.S+C.S

8.5mm+0.36mm

8.86mm
FINAL READING:

8.86mm+0.04mm

8.9mm
 LAB REPORT

EXP#04:
Resolution of forces with the help of force table.

GIVEN:

M1=250g

M2=300g

α1=0o

α2=60o

SOLUTION:

F1=mg=250gx10m/s2=2500gm/s2

F1x=F1xcos α

F1x=2500gm/s2

F1y=0

F2=mg=300gx10m/s2=3000gm/s2

F2x=F2cos α

F2x=1500gm/s2

F2y=F2sin α

F2y=2598gm/s2

F3={(F1x+F2x)2+(F1y+F2y)}1/2

={(2500+1500)2+(0+2598)2}1/2

F3 =4770gm/s2

α= tan-1(2598/4000)

α=33o+180o

α=213o
 LAB REPORT

EXP#05:
Resolution of force table with the help of force table.

GIVEN:

M1=200g

M2=350g

α1=0o

α2=45o

SOLUTION:

F1=mg=200gx10m/s2=2000gm/s2

F1x=F1xcos α

F1x=2000gm/s2

F1y=0

F2=mg=350gx10m/s2=3500gm/s2

F2x=F2cos α

F2x=2475gm/s2

F2y=F2sin α

F2y=2475gm/s2

F3={(F1x+F2x)2+(F1y+F2y)}1/2

={(2000+2475)2+(0+2475)2}1/2

F3 =5114gm/s2

α= tan-1(2475/4475)

α=29o+180o

α=209o
EXPERIMENTAL:

M3=500mg

F3=mg

F3=5000gm/s2

% error=5114-500/5114x100

% error=2.23%
 LAB REPORT

EXP#06:
Find the Coefficient of static friction.

APPARATUS:

 Wooden, smooth and rough surface.

 Scale for measuring distance.
 A wooden box that will move on the surface.
 An angle measuring scale.
 Inclined plane.

PROCEDURE:

 First of all, place the smooth surface on an inclined plane.

 Then place the wooden box on it.
 Then lift the plane upward such that the box just began to move on the surface.
 Note the distance of the surface and mark a starting and end point of box on the
surface.
 Release the box and at the same time start the stopwatch and stop the stopwatch when
the box reaches its end point and note the reading.
 Repeat the experiment several times by changing the surfaces.

READINGS:

SMOOTH SURFACE:

(a): α =31o

tan α=0.60

y=49

x=70

α=tan-1(50/73.3)

α=34o

µs=0.68

(b): α=32o
 Tan α= 0.62

α=tan-1(51/71.2)

α=85.6

µs=tan α

µs=0.71

(c): α =35o

tan α=0.70

α=tan-1(54.5/67)

α=39o

µs=0.81

ROUGH SURFACE:

(a): α=35o

tan α=0.70

α=tan-1(55/69)

α=39.4o

µs=0.82

(b): α=35o

Tan α=0.72

α=tan-1(55/66)

α=39.8o

µs=0.83

(c): α =36o

Tan α=0.72

α=tan-1(55/66)
 α=39.8o

µs=0.83

WOODEN SURFACE:

(a): α=18o

Tan α=0.32

α=tan-1(27/67)

α=22o

µs=0.40

(b): α=17o

Tan α=0.30

α=tan-1(26.2/67)

α=21.3o

µs=0.39

(c): α=19o

Tan α=0.34

α=tan-1(29/66.5)

α=23.5o

µs=0.43
 LAB REPORT

EXP#07:
Find the coefficient of Kinetic Friction.

APPARATUS:

 Wooden, smooth and rough surface.

 Scale for measuring distance.
 A wooden box that will move on the surface.
 An angle measuring scale.
 Inclined plane.

PROCEDURE:

 First of all, place the smooth surface on an inclined plane.

 Then place the wooden box on it.
 Then lift the plane upward such that the box just began to move on the surface.
 Note the distance of the surface and mark a starting and end point of box on the
surface.
 Release the box and at the same time start the stopwatch and stop the stopwatch when
the box reaches its end point and note the reading.
 Repeat the experiment several times by changing the surfaces.

PRECAUTIONS:

 Do not force the box to move

 In order to reduce chance of error, Stopwatch will be carried by the one who is going to
release the box.

READINGS:

ANGLE TIME

MATERIAL (α) d T1 T2 T3 TAVG a=2S/T2 µk

Smooth 23o 0.271 0.40s 0.62s 0.67s 0.56s 1.73m/s2 0.24

Rough 35o 0.723 1.27s 1.32s 1.64s 1.41s 0.73m/s2 0.61

Wooden 14o 0.605 0.73s 0.73s 0.80s 0.75s 2.15m/s2 0.027

 LAB REPORT

EXP#08:
Find average and instantaneous velocity using air track.

PROCEDURE:

 First of all, select a starting and ending point of glider on air track.
 Place the photogates on some distance and record distance between them.
 Set the photogate timer to PULSE.
 Then turn on the air track and release the glider.
 Repeat the experiment several times by reducing distance.
 Reduce distance to 10cm decrements every time.
 To find instantaneous velocity, set photogate to GATE.
 Measure the distance of cardboard.

AVERAGE VELOCITY READINGS:

DISTANCE T1 T2 T3 TAVG VAVG

80cm 1.76s 1.76s 1.76s 1.76s 45.45cm/s

60cm 1.30s 1.30s 1.31s 1.30s 46.15cm/s

40cm 0.86s 0.85s 0.86s 0.85s 47.05cm/s

20cm 0.43s 0.43s 0.43s 0.43s 46.51cm/s

INSTANTANIOUS VELOCITY:

REREPITIONS Time (T) DISTANCE (D) VINS

1 0.196s 10cm 51.02cm/s

2 0.183s 10cm 54.64cm/s

3 0.132s 10cm 75.75cm/s