ABSTRACT

The barangay of Balibayon currently relies solely on spring and deep well to meet their

potable water needs. Its major problem is the insufficient supply of water that overwhelms the

residents’ water needs. The main purpose of this study was to propose a new site of water

source and reservoir and develop an efficient water supply to serve the entire barangay. It

presents a new site of water source (Creek) located at Sampinit having a water volume that will

supply to the target area in the near future.

The gathered data were based on the Surigao Metropolitan Water District (SMWD)

personnel with the appropriate specifications. The methods used were accurate and

appropriate. The needed discharge of water was calculated and the discharges from every

reservoir were computed with respect to its designed dimensions. It included also the designed

dimensions of the mini dam and the storage box.

This study summarizes the basic requirement in designing an efficient water supply by

means of gravity flow. This water supply can support the everyday water needs of the residents

of the targeted area. As this water supply will be implemented, the consumers could no longer

experience water difficulties.

Situation of the Concerned Area

Barangay Balibayon is one of the areas in Surigao city of about 175 households that has

an insufficient supply of water. The water supply from Surigao Metropolitan Water District

(SMWD) cannot accommodate all barangays in the city. This area cannot be reached by their

service because there is a great water demand in the city proper especially during dry season.

The people are dependent to deep wells and rain for their water needs. These natural sources

of water cannot sustain for many years especially during dry season. This place is in need of

sufficient water supply that can satisfy and accommodate the entire barangay.
Nature of the Designed Source

There is a long creek located at Sampinit with a cross-sectional area detail at Figure 1

and a distance away from Brgy. Balibayon. It is located at high elevated area flowing from the

top to downhill. It is found out that this creek issuitable for water supply because it is situated

away from residential areas.Treatment is still needed for potability. This creek can produce a

sufficient discharge of water which flows an approximate velocity of about 0.15625 m/s. It is

observed and found out that during dry and wet seasons, the water in the creek is still alive and

flowing.
Actual Discharge and Velocity of the Water in the Creek

Figure 1

Distance Time travels

1 6
1 7
1 6
1 6
1 6
1 7 Velocity = 1/6.4 =0.15625 m/s
1 6
1 7
1 6
1 7 Length Depth Area
Ave. dist. = 1 Ave. time = (m) (m) (m2)
6.4
0 0 0
ΣArea = 0.38 m2 0.2 0.3 0.03
0.4 0.2 0.05
Actual Discharge = 0.38(0.15625) = 0.05938 m3/s 0.6 0.12 0.032
1/3 of the flow of creek is for the consumers and 2/3 for the 0.8 0.2 0.032
irrigation. 1.0 0.18 0.038
(0.05938)(1000)/3 = 19.80lps of flow rate for the supply. 1.2 0.16 0.034
1.4 0.14 0.03
1.6 0.14 0.028
1.8 0.15 0.029
2.0 0.2 0.035
2.2 0.11 0.031
2.4 0 0.011
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conduct of this study needs a mere investigation about the status of the area and

the whole description of the designed source of water supply. This implements an appropriate

collection of data specially the elevation of the concerned area and the water source. It needs a

proper analysis and understanding of the collected data for correct numerical computations.

This also implies a great determination in conducting the theoretical computations to avoid a

wide range of error.

This research needs a proper understanding of the concepts and principles of hydrology

and hydraulics learned from college. The Bernoulli’s theorem will be used for computing the

desired velocity of water in a specific point in the pipe lines. The principle of continuous flow is

also useful for the discharge computation at the outlet pipe. It also needs the concept and

application of dams for extracting water from the creek.

This study was conducted to solve the situation of Brgy. Balibayon which has an

insufficient water supply. Upon conducting the study, the following questions arose:

 What are the designed dimensions of the storage and distribution reservoirs?

 What is the effective diameter of the main pipeline necessary to carry the needed

water volume?

 Can the water discharge in the pipe provide the needed water to the consumers?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study aimed to formulate and design an efficient and economical water supply from

the creek by means of gravity flow. It had the following objectives:

 To be able to supply the entire barangay with a sufficient water supply.

 To be able to help the government in supplying water to outreached area like Brgy.

Balibayon.

 To be able to utilize the creek as a suitable water source.

Upon the conduct of the study, the following methods wereperformed:

 The number of households in Brgy. Balibayon was determined together with each

average water consumption.

 The computation of the total needed water per day was followed.

 The Sampinit creekwas checked and recognized to select a portion where we could put

a desired source of water supply.

 The elevation of that portion was determined with respect from the barangay.

 The water was extracted from the creek by constructing a mini dam through the inlet

and outlet openings of the storage boxes. The stored water volume from the boxwould

be connected to the storage reservoir.

 Two rectangular concrete reservoirs were designed and constructed. One would be the

storage tank from the creek and the other one would be the distribution tank to the

barangay.The treatment would be held at the distribution tank. The design of these

reservoirswas based on the hand book of Designing a Ground level Storage Tank

(Technical Note No. RWS. 5.D.2).

 The pipelinewasdesigned with respect to the needed diameter according to the required

discharge from the storage tank to the distribution tank and from the distribution tank

to the households.This design was based on (A Guide to Waterworks Design EPB 201).
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Determination of the daily water consumption of the entire barangay:

The following data were gathered from one of the personnel of Surigao Metropolitan

Water District who conducted the actual survey.

Number of households = 175

Number of Capita per household = 5

Water consumption per Capita per day = 60 Liters

Total water consumption = 175 households (5 capita/household)(60L/Capita-day)= 52,500L/day

Peak Water Demand = 1.4( total water consumption )

The 40 percent is the allowance for the increase of water demand as the population increases.

(Based on Designing a Ground level Storage Tank (Technical Note No. RWS. 5.D.2)).

Peak Water Demand = 1.4(52.5m3/day)

= 73.5m3/day

Determination of the Capacity of the Distribution Tank:

The capacity of the reservoir should be 20 to 40 percent of the Peak Day Water

Demand. Utilizing the 40 percent of the peak day water demand as the designed capacity of the

tank is sufficient enough to supply the needed water every day considering that the water is

always flowing from the source up to the tank. (Based on Designing a Ground level Storage

Tank (Technical Note No. RWS. 5.D.2)).

Total Capacity = 40%(73.5m3) = 29.4m3

Height of the reservoir must be lesser than its width and length.

Volume = Length x Width x Height

Designed size = 4.5m x 3m x 2.2m

L = 4.5m, W = 3m, H = 2.2m( interior dimensions )

For this capacity, the water height in the reservoir should be at least 2 meters and some space

should be available between the high water level and the top of the tank.

Designing of Water Distribution:

Computed Water Discharged to Households = 73.5m3/day(1day/24hrs)(1hr/3600sec)

= 8.507 x 10-4 m3/sec

Using Hazen-Williams head loss in pipe:

HL = (10.64LQ1.85)/(C1.85D4.87)

Designed Pipe Diameter = 120mm, C = 130, L = 2800m

(Based on Rural Water Supply (Volume I) Design Manual)

HL = 50m – 38.3m = 11.7m

Q = 7.062 x 10-3m3/sec

Since, 7.062 x 10-3m3/sec >8.507 x 10-4 m3/sec , the water supply can support the need of the

entire barangay from the storage reservoir to distribution reservoir. The designed pipe

diameter and the elevation of the water source can provide the desired discharge into the

consumers.
Designing the Water Source to the Storage Reservoir:

Computed Discharge from the Storage Box to the Storage Reservoir = 7.062 x 10-3m3/sec

Discharge of the Inlet Opening of Storage Box = Area x Velocity of water flow from the Creek

= 1m x 0.3m x 0.15625 m/s

= 0.046875m3/sec>7.062 x 10-3m3/sec

Therefore, the water source (Creek) is sufficient enough to supply the needed discharge of

water into the storage reservoir and to the distribution reservoir. It has a great water velocity

that can supply the everyday water needs of the consumers.

 Designing a Ground level Storage Tank (Technical Note No. RWS. 5.D.2).

 A Guide to Waterworks Design EPB 201

 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics by Besavilla (3rd edition)

 Rural Water Supply (Volume I) Design Manual

 Surigao Metropolitan Water District (SMWD)

A Case Study presented to CE Faculty

Surigao State College of Technology

In Partial Fulfillment

Of

Requirement in CE Hydraulics Engineering

Proponents:

Cagasan, Ralph Louie R.

Gimena, Jaymar S.

Malubay, Ralph T.

Polancos, Dindo S.

BSCE – 4
Main Pipeline Installation Plan:

The direct distance of 2,800m was gathered from Surigao Metropolitan Water District

who actually conducted the actual survey.