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Total No. of Questions :10] [Total No. of Pages : 02

M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY– 2018
First Year
MATHEMATICS
Algebra
Time :3 Hours Maximum Marks :70

SECTION - A
Answer any five questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

Q1) a) State and prove Sylow’s theorem for abelian groups.

b) If G is a group then show that A(G) the set of automorphisms of G is also a
group.

Q2) a) Show that every group is isomorphic to a subgroup of A(s) for some
appropriate S.
b) Show that conjugacy is an equivalence relation onG.

Q3) a) Let G be a group and if G in the internal direct product of N1 N2 … Nn then

show that G is isomorphic to N1× N2× … ×Nn.
b) Describe all finite abelian groups of order 24 34.

Q4) a) Show that a finite integral domain is a field.

b) If R is a commutative ring with unit element and M is an ideal R, then show
that M is a maximal ideal of R if and only if R/M is a field.

Q5) Show that every integral domain can be imbedded in a field.

Q6) a) If L is a finite extension of K and if K is a finite extension of F, then show

that L is a finite extension of F in particular [L:F] = [L:K] [K:F].
b) If P(x) is a polynomial in F(x) of degree n≥1 and irreducible over F then
show that there is an extension E of F such that [E:F] = n in which P(x) has a
root.

Q7) a) Show that the polynomial f(x) EF[x] has a multiple root if and only if f(x)
and f ′ (x) have a nontrivial common root.
b) If K is finite extension of F, then show that G (K, F) is a finite group with its
order O(G, F) satisfie O(G(K,F)) ≤ [K:F].
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Q8) a) Show that a group G is solvable if and only if G(K) = e for some integer k.
b) Show that the general polynomial P( x) = x n + a1 x n + ... + an for n≥5 is not
solvable by radicals.

Q9) a) Show that a lattice of invariant subgroups of any group is modular.

b) If a andb are any two elements of a modular lattice then show that the
intervals I [a ∪ b, a] and I [b, a ∩ b] are isomorphic.

Q10)Show that if L is a complemented modular lattice that satisfies both chain

conditions, then the element 1 of L is a 1 ∪ b of independent points and
conversely if L is a modular lattice with 0 and 1 such that 1 is a 1 ∪ b of a finite
number of points then L is complemented and satisfies both chain conditions.
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Total No. of Questions : 10] [Total No. of Pages : 03
M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY – 2018
First Year
MATHEMATICS
Analysis
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks :70

Answer any five of the following questions.

All questions carry equal marks.

Q1) a) Let A be the set of all sequences whose elements are the digits 0 and 1.
Prove that this set A is uncountable.
b) Prove that every k-cell is compact.

Q2) a) Prove that if a set E in ℝk has one of the following three properties, then it
has the other two:
i. E is closed and bounded.
ii. E is compact.
iii. Every infinite subset of E has a limit point in E.
b) Prove that a subset E of the real line ℝ is connected if and only if it has the
following property:
If x ∈ E, y ∈ E , and x < z < y, then z ∈ E .

n
 1
Q3) a) Prove that lim 1 +  = e and that e is irrational.
n→∞ n 
b) Let ∑ an be a series of real numbers which converges, but not absolutely.
Suppose
−∞ ≤ α ≤ β ≤ ∞ .
Then prove that there exists a rearrangement ∑ a′n with partial sums s′n
such that lim inf sn′ = α , lim sup sn′ = β .
n →∞ n →∞

Q4) a) Let f be a continuous mapping of a compact metric space X into a metric

space Y. Then prove that f is uniformly continuous on X.
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b) Let E be a nonempty subset of a metric space X, define the distance from x
in X to E by
PE ( x) = inf d ( x, z )
z∈E

i) Prove that PE ( x) = 0 if and only if x ∈ E .

ii) Prove that PE is a uniformly continuous function on X, by showing
that | PE ( x) − PE ( y) | ≤ d ( x, y) for all x ∈ X, y ∈ X .

Q5) a) Define Riemann – Stieltjes integral. Prove that if f is bounded on [a, b] , f

has only finitely many points of discontinuity on [a, b], and α is continuous
at every point at which f is discontinuous then f ∈ R(α ) .
b
b) Suppose f ≥ 0, f is continuous on [a, b] , and ∫a
f ( x)dx = 0 . Prove that
f ( x) = 0 for all x ∈ [a, b] .

Q6) a) Suppose cn ≥ 0 for n = 1, 2, …, Σcn converges, { sn } is a sequence of distinct

∞
points in ( a, b ) , and α ( x) = ∑ cn I( x − sn ) , where I is the unit step function. Let
n =1
∞
f d α = ∑ cn f ( sn ) .
b
f be continuous on [a, b] then prove that ∫
a
n =1

b) Assume that f ( x) ≥ 0 and that f decreases monotonically on [1, ∞) . Prove

∞ ∞
that ∫ f ( x)dx converges if and only ∑ f (n) converges.
n =1
1

Q7) a) If { f n } is a sequence of continuous functions on a subset E of a metric space

X, and if f n → f uniformly on E then prove that f is continuous on E.
b) Suppose f n is a sequence of functions, differentiable on [a, b] and such that
{ fn ( x0 )} converges for some point x0 on [a, b] . If { f n′} converges uniformly
on [a, b] then prove that { f n } converges uniformly on [a, b] , to a function f ,
and f ′( x) = lim f n′( x), a ≤ x ≤ b .
n →∞

Q8) a) Prove that if { f n } is a pointwise bounded sequence of complex functions on

a countable set E then { f n } has a subsequence {f } nk such that {f nk }
( x)
converges for every x in E.
b) State and prove Weierstrass approximation theorem.
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Q9) a) Let f and g be measurable real-valued functions defined on the measurable
space X, let F be a real and continuous on ℝ2, and put
h(x) = F( f ( x), g ( x)), x ∈ X . Then prove that h is measurable.
b) State and prove Lebesgue’s monotone convergence theorem.

Q10) a) State and prove Fatou’s theorem.

b) Prove that L2 (µ ) is a complete metric space.
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Total No. of Questions : 10] [Total No. of Pages : 02
M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY – 2018
First Year
MATHEMATICS
Complex Analysis & Special Functions & Partial Differential Equations
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks :70

Answer any five questions choosing at least two from each section.
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION - A

Q1) a) Find a power series solution of the Legendre’s equation

(1 − x 2 ) y′′ − 2 xy′ + n(n + 1) y = 0
b) State and prove Laplace’s first and second integrals for Pn ( x) .

1
2n
Q2) a) Prove that ∫ xP ( x)P
−1
n n −1 ( x)dx =
4n 2 − 1
.

b) Using Rodrigue’s formula, find the values of P0(x), P1(x), P2(x) and P 3(x).

d
Q3) a) Prove that { xJ n ( x) J n +1 ( x)} = J n2 ( x ) − J n2+1 ( x) .
dx
b) Solve (yz + xyz) dx + (zx + xyz) dy + (xy + xyz)dz = 0.

Q4) a) Find the general solution of ( D 2 + DD′ + D′ − 1) z = sin ( x + 2 y ) .

(
b) Solve D 2 + 2DD′ + ( D′ ) z = e2 x +3 y .
2
)
Q5) a) Solve ( D 2 − D′ ) z = 2 y − x 2 .
b) Solve (r – s)x = (t – s)y by using Monge’s method.

SECTION - B

Q6) a) Calculate the nth roots of unity and deduce the cube roots of unity.
b) Prove that if G is open and connected and f : G → ℂ is differentiable with
f ′( z ) = 0 for all z in G, then f is constant.
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Q7) a) Prove that if γ : [a, b] → ℂ is piecewise smooth then γ is of bounded
b
variation and V (γ ) = ∫ γ ′ ( t ) dt .
a

b) State and prove the fundamental theorem of algebra.

Q8) a) State and prove Cauchy’s integral formula, first version.

b) Let G be an open set and let f : G → ℂ be a differentiable function. Then
prove that f is analytic on G.

Q9) a) State and prove Casorati – Weierstrass theorem.

1
b) Let f ( z ) = ; give the Laurent Expansion of f ( z ) in each of the
z ( z − 1)( z − 2)
following annuli :
i) ann (0; 0, 1);
ii) ann (0; 1, 2);
iii) ann (0; 2, ∞ ).

Q10)a) State and prove residue theorem.

∞
sin x Π
b) Show that ∫
0
x
dx = .
2
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Total No. of Questions : 10] [Total No. of Pages : 03
M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY – 2018
First Year
MATHEMATICS
Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks :70

Answer any five questions.

All questions carry equal marks.

Q1) a) Let a1 ,..., an be continuous functions on an interval I. Prove that there exist n
linearly independent solutions of L( y) ≡ y ( n ) + a1 ( x) y ( n −1) + ... + an ( x) y = 0 on I.
1 1
b) Consider the equation y′′ + y′ − y = 0 for x > 0.
x x2
i) Show that there is a solution of the form xr, where r is a constant.
ii) Find two linearly independent solutions for x > 0, and prove that they
are linearly independent.
iii) Find the two solutions φ1 , φ2 satisfying
φ1 (1) = 1, φ2 (1) = 0,
φ1′ (1) = 0, φ2′ (1) = 1,

2
Q2) a) Find all solutions of the equation y′′ − y = x, 0 < x < ∞ .
x2
b) Find two linearly independent power series solutions (in powers of x) of the
differential equation y′′ − xy = 0 on −∞ < x < ∞ .

Q3) a) Let M, N be two real-valued functions which have continuous first partial
derivatives on some rectangle.
R: | x − x0 |≤ a, | y − y0 |≤ b .
Then prove that the equation M(x, y) + N(x, y) y′ = 0
∂M ∂N
is exact in R if and only if = in R.
∂y ∂x
b) Compute the first four successive approximations φ0 , φ1 , φ2 , φ3 of the
equation y′ = xy, y(0) = 1. Also compute the solution.
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Q4) a) Define Lipschitz condition. Suppose S is either a rectangle
| x − x0 |≤ a,| y − y0 |≤ b, a, b > 0 or a strip | x − x0 |≤ a,| y |< ∞, a > 0
∂f
and that f is a real-valued function defined on S such that exists, is
∂y
∂f
continuous on S, and | ( x − y ) |≤ K , (x, y) in S.
∂y
for some K > 0. Then prove that f satisfies a Lipschitz condition on S with
Lipschitz constant K.
cos y
b) Let f ( x, y ) = , | x |< 1.
1 − x2
i) Show that f satisfies a Lipschitz condition on every strip Sa :| x |≤ a
where 0 < a < 1 .
ii) Show that every initial value problem y′ = f ( x, y ), y (0) = y0 ,| y0 |< ∞
has a solution which exists for |x|<1.

Q5) a) Give an example of a system of differential equations which arise in the

study of dynamics of central forces and planetary motion.
1
b) Find a solution φ of y′′ = − satisfying φ (o) = 1, φ ′(o) = −1 .
2 y2

Q6) a) Let f be the vector – valued function defined on

R : | x |≤ 1, | y |≤ 1 ( y in C2 ) by f ( x, y ) = ( y22 + 1, x + y12 ) .
i) Find an upper bound M for f ( x, y ) for ( x, y ) in R.
ii) Compute a Lipschitz constant K for f on R.
b) Consider the system
y1′ = 3 y1 + xy3
y2′ = y2 + x3 y3
y3′ = 2 xy1 − y2 + e x y3 .
Show that every initial value problem for this system has a unique solution
which exists for all real x.

Q7) a) Find functions z(x), k(x) and m(x) such that

d
z ( x )  x 2 y ′′ − 2 xy ′ + 2 y  = [ k ( x ) y ′ + m( x ) y ]
dx
and hence solve
x 2 y′′ − 2 xy′ + 2 y = 0, x > 0 .
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b) Show that if z, z1, z2 and z3 are any four different solutions of the Riccati
equation.
z1 + a ( x ) z + b( x ) z 2 + c ( x ) = 0
then show that
z − z2 z3 − z1
= = constant.
z − z1 z3 − z2

Q8) a) Find the general solution of y′′ − 3 y′ + 2 y = f ( x), −∞ < x < ∞ where f is a
continuous function and then evaluate the general solution when f (x) = x.
b) Given the differential equation 4 x 2 y′′ + y = f ( x), 1 ≤ x < ∞ compute Green’s
function and then compute particular solution. Also, find the general solution
when f (x) = x.

Q9) a) State and prove Sturm separation theorem.

b) Discuss the oscillations of the Bessel equation
x 2 y′′ − xy′ + ( x 2 − n2 ) y = 0,
Where n is a constant.

Q10) a) Solve
x 2 y′′ − 2 xy′ + (2 + x 2 ) y = 0, x > 0
b) State and prove Gronwall’s inequality.