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Lab 7 FM POC

This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) implementation in LabVIEW. It provides background on FM, the mathematical process of FM modulation, a block diagram of an FM transmitter, and LabVIEW code to demonstrate FM. Students are assigned in-lab and post-lab tasks to implement single tone FM modulation in Mathscript and observe the effect of varying the modulation index.

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178 views7 pages

Lab 7 FM POC

This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) implementation in LabVIEW. It provides background on FM, the mathematical process of FM modulation, a block diagram of an FM transmitter, and LabVIEW code to demonstrate FM. Students are assigned in-lab and post-lab tasks to implement single tone FM modulation in Mathscript and observe the effect of varying the modulation index.

Uploaded by

SPARK LIGHTS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principle of Communication Lab Manual EEE351

Lab 7: Frequency Modulation


Objective:

The main objective of this lab is frequency modulation implementation in LabVIEW.

Introduction:

Frequency Modulation (FM) is a form of modulation in which changes in the frequency of the carrier
wave correspond directly with changes in the baseband signal. This is considered an analog form of
modulation, because the baseband signal is typically an analog waveform without discrete, digital
values. This demo is designed to illustrate the theory behind frequency modulation, and introduce
practical aspects of its implementation.

FM is most commonly used for radio and television broadcasting. In fact, FM radio, which operates from
88 Mhz to 108 MHz, uses FM modulation to transmit audio signals. Each radio station utilizes a 38 kHz
frequency band to broadcast audio. Analog television implements FM modulation as well. In fact,
television channels 0 through 72 utilize various bandwidths between 54 MHz and 825 MHz. This
bandwidth is used for a variety of technologies, also including FM radio.

The basic principle behind FM modulation is that the amplitude of an analog baseband signal can be
represented by a slightly different frequency of the carrier. Mathematically, we will represent this by
describing the steps required to modulate the frequency of a sinusoidal carrier.

The actual mathematical process to modulate a baseband signal, m(t), onto the carrier requires a two-
step process. First, the message signal must be integrated with respect to time to get an equation for
phase with respect to time, Ө(t). This enables the modulation process because phase modulation is
fairly straightforward. With typical IQ modulator circuitry. A block diagram description of a FM
transmitter is shown below:

Figure 1: Frequency Modulation

As the block diagram above illustrates, the integration of a message signal results in an equation for
phase with respect to time. This equation is defined by the following equation:

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Principle of Communication Lab Manual EEE351

 (t )  2f ct  2k f 0 m( )d ]


t

We can actually simply this equation to the following:

f
 (t )  2f ct  sin(2f mt )
fm
In the equation above, ∆ƒ is the frequency deviation and it represents the maximum frequency
difference between the instantaneous frequency and the carrier frequency. In fact, the ration of ∆ƒ to
the carrier frequency is the modulation index. This index, β, is thus defined by the equation:

f

fm

Thus, the integrated message signal can be represented as:

 (t )  2fct   sin(2f mt )
As a result, we can substitute this new representation of Ө(t) into our original formula to represent the
final modulated FM signal as the following equation:

s(t )  A cos[2f ct   sin(2f mt )]

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Programming:

Front panel:

Figure 2: Front Panel FM

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Block Diagram:

Figure 3: Block Diagram FM

Conclusion:
Frequency Modulation (FM) is an important modulation scheme both because of its widespread
commercial use, and because of its simplicity. As we have seen in this document, frequency modulation
can be simplified to phase modulation with a simple integrator.

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Principle of Communication Lab Manual EEE351

Lab Tasks

In-Lab Task 1:

Implement the task implemented in lab as in-lab task 1.

Post-Lab Task 1:

Implement single tone FM in Mathscript by selecting both message signal and carrier signal a sine wave.
Derive the final expression and also observe the effect of varying modulation index β.

Objective:

Overview:

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Principle of Communication Lab Manual EEE351

Result and Discussions:

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