UNIT - I

Inroduction to MS Windows :-
Window vius LVkby vkSj dke djus ds rjhds ls mRiUu
'kCn gS & Programs ,d vk;rkdkj ckWDl] ftls Window dgk tkrk gS]
esa [kqyrs gSa vkSj blfy, ;g Window dgykrk gS] vFkkZr~ vusd
Windows dk ,d leqP; Window 'kCn Operating System ds uke esa ,d
Økafr gSaA Windows dks viukus ls igys gekjs ikl iluZy dEI;wVj ij
,d Operating System Fkk] tgka ge ;kn fd, x, dek.M~l dk iz;ksx djrs
FksA gekjs dk;Z gekjh ;knnk’r rd lhfer FkhA ge dek.Ml ds lkFk
dk;Z djrs FksA
vkt Software ds {ks= esa Microsoft dkWjiksjs’ku igyk
LFkku j[krk gSA ,slk Users dh ekax tSls mi;ksfxrk] laxrrk] fLFkjrk
vkfn ds lUnHkZ esa lcls vPNh lqfo/kk,a iznku djus ds blds yxkrkj
iz;kl ds dkj.k gSA dEiuh Users dh vko’;drkvksa dks le>rh gSA ;g
Window 95 ds izkjEHk gksus ds le; ls gh dqN u dqN u;k ns jgh
gSA u;s vkWijsfVax flLVe] ?kjsyw iz;ksDrkvksa ds lkFk gh
O;kolkf;d Users dks Hkh /;ku esa j[krs gq, bLrseky dh vklkuh]
vkd"kZd bUVjQsl] T;knk dk;ZkRedrk bR;kfn iznku djrs gSaA
fo.Mkst Operating System ds :Vhu viMsV~l ds vykok ;s mHkjrh
gqbZ rduhdksa ds lkFk laxrrk Hkh iznku djrs gsSA mnk- ds fy,
Window 98 esa Internet iz;ksDrkvksa ds fy, cgqr lhfer fo’ks"krk,a
ykbZ x;ha] tcfd Window XP Internet ds fy, ,d Operating System gSA
Window 98 vkSj Windows ds izkjfEHkd laLdj.ksak dh rqyuk esa ;g
laLdj.k euksjatu ds fy, Hkh cgqr lkjs QhplZ iznku djrk gsaSA
FEATURES OF WINDOWS 98 :-
(1) Fast Operating System :-
Windows 98 esa ,sls Tools gksrs gS tks vkids dEI;wVj
dks Windows 95 ds eqdkcys esa fcuk fdlh u, gkMZos;j dks tksMs
gq, rst xfr iznku djrs gSA Windows 98 es izksxzkeks dk ,d lwbZV
lekfgr gksrk gS tks vkids dEI;wVj dh dk;Z {kerk esa o`f} djrk
gSA [kklrkSj ij tc ;s ,d lkFk iz;ksx fd, tk,A
(2) Maintenance Wizard :-
Maintenance Wizard vkidks vkids flLVe dk Js"B izn’kZu
izkIr djus es enn djrk gSA Maintenance Wizard vkids izksxzke dks
rsth ls fdz;kfUor djrk gSA vkids Hardisk esa leL;k dks tkWprk gS
vkSj Hard Disk esa LFkku eqDr djrk gSA bu ;wfVfyfV dks ge
fu;fer vk/kkj ij fdz;kfUor dj vki dEI;wVj ls loZJs"B dk;Z ys ldrs
gSA
(3) Disk Defragmente :-
tc vki ,d Computer ij dke djrs gSa] rks yxkrkj Qkbyksa dks
tksM+rs vkSj gVkrs gSaA bu dk;kaZs ds nkSjku fMLd ds fgLls
fMLd ds vyx&vyx {ks=ksa ij QSy tkrs gSaA ;g fLFkfr fo[k.Mu
(fragmentation) dgykrh gSS Afo[k.Mu rc gksrk gS] tc ,d fMLd ij
Qkbyksa dks feVk;k tkrk gS ;k ubZ Qkbyksa dks tksM+k tkrk
gSA ;fn fMLd vfHkxeu dks /khek djrk gS vkSj fMLd ifjpkyu ds
dqyh izn’kZu dks [kjkc djrk gS] gkykafd vkerkSj ij cgqr T;knk
ughaA
 bl leL;k dk lek/kku la;kstu (defragmentation) gSA
Defragmentation ] ,sDlsl vkSj fjdojh dh xfr dks c<+kus ds fy, ,d
gkMZ fMLd ij ,d Qkby ds fgLlksa ds cxy ds foHkkxksa ij iqu%
fy[kus dh izfØ;k gSA tc Qkbyksa dks yxkrkj Update fd;k tkrk gS]
rks Computer] gkMZ fMLd ij lcls cM+h txgksa ij bu viMsVksa ij
lajf{kr djus dh rjQ vfHkeq[k gksrk gS] tks fd Qkby ds nwljs fgLls
ij u gksdj izk;% ,d vyx foHkkx ij gksrk gSA
(4) Drive Convertor :-
Drive convertor (FAT 32) , FAT dk la’kksf/kr laLdj.k gSA
ftldh lgk;rk ls nks xhxkckbV ls mij ds gkMZfMLd ,d Mzkbo ds #i
esa QkWjesV djrk gSA Hard Drive dks drive convertor FAT drive ds
eqdkoys NksVs lewgksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ftlds ifj.kkeLo#i txg
dh vf/kd dq’kyrk ds lkFk iz;ksx gksrk gSA Windows 98 esa ,d
graphical drive convertor gksrk gS ftlls vki rqjar vkSj lqjf{kr rjhds ls
ewy FAT dks FAT32 ds hard drive esa ifjofrZr dj ldrs gSA
(5) Better Web Page :-
Windows 98 dEI;wVj dh 'kfDr dks Internet ds Interactive
fo"k; oLrq ds lek;kstu ls cgqr gh ykHkizn Web vuqHko iznku djrk
gSA

(6) E-mail :-
Windows 98 es ,d Outlook Express lfEefyr gS tks vkids E-
mail rFkk News group lapkj ds fy;s lqjf{kr vkZj O;fDrxr Qhpj iznku
djrk gSA
(7) Internet Connection Wizard :-
New internet connection wizard internet service dks Sign up
djus es vkidh lgk;rk djrk gS rFkk vius vki Internet Access dks izkIr
djus gsrq lkIVos;j Configration ds t#jh inksa dk lapkyu djrs gSA
(8) Help :-
Windows 98 esa ,d ubZ lgk;rk i}fr lekfgr gS tks vkids
Computer dks vkSj lqyHk cukrh gS Help ds ekxZ n’kZu ls vki vius
lokyksa dks cgqr vklkuh ls vkSj rqjar izkIr dj ldrs gSA
(9) Power Management :-
ikoj izca/ku dk iz;ksx dj vki dEI;wVj }kjk fctyh dh [kir dks
de djrk gS rFkk dEI;wVj dks rRdky iz;ksx ds fy;s ges’kk miyC/k
jgrk gSA
(10) Active Desktop :-
Active Desktop dh lgk;rk ls vki vius Desktop dks
Customize dj ldrs gSa] izksxzke dks izkjEHk dj ldrs gSa]
Qkbyksa ds e/; xeu Hkh dj ldrs gSaA Web vkSj Desktop dks
feykdj vki nqfu;k dh uohure ?kVukvksa ls :&c&: gks ldrs gSaA
Active Desktop ls vki Web rRoksa dks Desktop rRoksa esa ifjofrZr
dj ldrs gSaA bls vki fdlh Hkh le; Update dj ldrs gSaA
(11) Net Meeting :-
Net Meeting dh lgk;rk ls vki nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ls
vius ifjokj] nksLrksa vkSj O;kikfjd lg;ksfx;ksa ls ckr&phr dj ldrs
gSaA ;g lqfo/kk vkidks cgqr gh de [kpZ esa fey tkrh gSA Net
Meeting ds tfj, ge dqN yksxksa ds lewg ds lkFk fdlh Hkh Windows
ij vk/kkfjr izksxzke dks lfEefyr Whitw board cukdj Text Message
Hkst ldrs gSa vkSj Qkby dks gLrkarfjr dj ldrs gSaaA ge vius
dEI;wVj ij mi;qdr gkMZos;j yxkdj lh/ks izlkj.k ds lkFk]
vkeus&lkeus Meeting dj ldrs gSaA
Various Versions of Windows & its Use :-
Windows XP dscy nks laLdj.kks esa izkjaEHk gqvkA
os Windows XP Home Eddition vkSj Windows XP Profession Fks
ysfdu dqN le; ds ckn fo.Mks ,Dl ih ds vkSj u, #ikUrj vk,] ftues ls
izR;sd ,d u, unns’; ds fy;s FkkA
(1) Windows Xp Home And professional :-
Windoes XP dk Home Edition] tSlk fd uke ls Li"V
gS] ?kjsyq iz;ksDrkvksa ds fy;s cuk Fkk vkSj mlesa oSls dqN
xq.kksa dh deh Fkh tks Professional Edition esa FksA ;g ,d
dsanzh; fo.Mks loZj }kjk fu;af=r fd;s tkus ckys fdlh usVodZ dk
Hkkx ugha gks ldrk Fkk] tcfd ,sls usVodZ dk gksuk O;kolkf;d
laxBuks dk ,d lkekU; ifjn`’; gSA blesa u;k Remote Desktop
Connection xq.k fulansg Fkk] tks fd bls nwljh XP e’khuksa ds lkFk
tqMus vkSj mUgs fua;f=r djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk FkkA ysfdu ;g vius
lkFk tqMus ckyh nwljh e’khuksa dk leFkZu ugha djrk gSA
O;ko;kfld laLdj.k Qkby dksMhdj.k ds fy;s leFkZu ds
lkFk vk;k ftlus MkVk lqj{kk dks c<k fn;kA ;g fo’ks"krk ?kjsyq
laLdj.k esa ugha FkhA LkkFk gh tcfd XP Professional lekUkkUrj
pyus ckyh nks izfdz;kvksa dk leFkZu djrk Fkk] ,Dl ih gkse dscy
,d dk leFkZu djrk FkkA
(2) Windows XP Starter Edition :-
 ;g Windows XP Home dk ,d de dher ckyk #ikUjr gSA ;g
Microsoft Corporation ds lcls vPNs OS dh vfu;fU=r pksjh dks
jksdus ds fy;s gS vkSj Hkkjr] FkkbyS.M] eysf’k;k vkSj dqN
ySfVu vesfjdh ns’kks esa gh ykxe fd;k x;k gSA blus {ks=h;
leFkZu dk gh oknk fd;k Fkk] ysfdu Starter Edition dh dqN foy{k.k
lhek,W Hkh gSA blesa iz;ksDrkvksa dks ,d ckj esa rhu ls T;knk
izksxzkEl pykus dh vuqefr ugha Fkh vkSj izksxzkELk Hkh ,d ckj
esa rku ls T;knk fo.Mks ugha [kksy ldrs FksA Ldzhu fjtksY;w’ku
1024*768 ls vf/kd ugh j[kk tk ldrk Fkk vkSj ;g vis{kkd`r iqjkus
izkslsllZ tSls fd baVsy vkSj AMD M;wjku ds lkFk dke djus ds
fy;s gh vf/kd`r FkkA
LVkVZj laLdj.k us cktkjks esa de Lohd`fr ikbZ vkSj
yksaxksa us fo.Mks ,Dl ih gkse vkSj izksQs’kuy ds dzSDM
#ikUrjks dks T;knk izkFkfedrk nhA

(3) Windows XP Media Centre Edition :-

Windows 98 dh ’kq#vkr ds ,d o"kZ ckn ekbdzkslkWQV
us Windows XP Media Centre Edition yk;k] ftldk y{; ?kjsyw dEI;wVj
dks ,d iw.kZ euksjaTku lek/kku esa cnyuk FkkA ;g u;s
lkWQVos;j ekfM;k lsuVj ds lkFk ewyr% fo.Mkst ,Dl ih izksQsluy
gh gSA ehfM;k lsUVj us vkids dEI;wVj dks ,d jheksV lqpkfyr TV]
DVD Player vkSj E;wftd flLVe esa cny fn;kA ;g vkids Vhoh ls
vkidks gkmZ fMLd ij ohfM;ks fjdkMZ Hkh djus nsrk gSA vc vkids
fy;s fdpu esa tkuk vko’;d gks vkSj vki lekpkj dk dksbZ Hkh fgLlk
NksMuk ugh pkgrs gS rks vki bls viuh gkMZ Mªkbc ij fjdkMZ
djds ykbo VhOh dks iq’k dj ldrs gSA
ehfM;k lsUVj bu lkjh lqfo/kkvksa dka dscy ,d vkSlr ntsZ
dh e;khu ij gh iznku dj ldrk gS vkSj blfy;s ekbdkzslkWQV us
fu.kZ; fy;k fd bls ,d vyx fj&Vsy #ikUrj ds #i esa cspuk cqf}ekuh
ugh gS FkhA vU;Fkk] dksbZ bls ,d yksvj ,.M ihlh ij pykus dk iz;kl
dk ldrk FkkA os bls dscy dEI;wVj fuekZrkvksa dks nsrs gS vkSj
ehfM;k lsUVj ds fy;s vkidks ,d ,slk ih lh [kjhnuk iMsxk] tks blds
lkFk yksM gksadj vkrk gSA Oct. 2004 esa izdkf’kr ehfM;k lsUVj
2005 esa de ls de ,d 1-6GHZ izkslslj dh vko’;drk iMrh gSA
Mk;jsDV X9 laxr ohfM;ks gkMZos;j tSls fd Ati’s dks jsfM;u ;k n
Vidia dk GeForce And de las de 256 MB Ram.
(4) Other Editiona Of Windowsa XP :-
u;s 64 Bit Processor tSls fd bVsfu;e ds vkus ds lkFk
ekbdzkslkWQV us fo.Mkst ,Dl ih 64 fCkV laLdj.k uked fo.Mkst
ds ,d u, laLdk.k dks ykus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA ;g bUVsy vkSj ADM ds
lcls T;knk u;s izkslsllZ ds lkeF;Z ls ykHk mBkus ds fy;s cuk;k x;k
FkkA ;g eYVhehfM;k vuqwiz;ksxks ds fy;s cgqr FkksMs leFkZu
ds lkFk izkjEHk gqvk] yfdu ;g blds ckn ds #ikUrjks esa iwjk dj
fy;k x;kA
Xp tablet PC version esa Hkh vk;k] tks fd Vp Ldzhu ds lkFk
laxr Fkk vkSj ldzhu ij ij gLrfyf[kr uksVl dh lqfo/kk Hkh iznku djrk
FkkA ATMs ] vkS|ksfxd jkscksVl vkSj Vhoh lsV VkWi ckDLsl
tSls vuqiz;ksxks esa bLrseky gkus ds fy;s fo.Mkst ,Dl ih
vUrZfufgr ftls XPe Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g ogh OS gS ysfdu blesa
yks&,.M gkMZos;j tSls fd 200 Mgz izkslsllZ vkSj 32 MB dh flLVe
jSe pykus ds fy;s FkksMh lh baftfu;fjax dh x;h gSA ;|fi ;g
yqHkkouk gks ldrk gS ] fdUrq XPe dk ykbusDLk vkidks ,d fu;fer
ihlh ij bls LFkkfir djus dh vuqefr ugha nsrk gSA
My Computer :- Window Operating System es ekWuhVj dh Ldzhu ij
loZizFke gksus okyh foUMkst] Desktop Window gksrh gSA
MsLdVkWi foUMks es fofHkUu izdkj ds Icons iznf’kZr gksrs gSA
;s vkbdu dEI;wVj flLVe izksxzkeks ds vkbdu gksrs gSA rFkk
buds vfrfjDr User ds }kjk cuk;s x;s izksxkzeks ds vkbdu iznf’kZr
gksrs gSA MSLdVkWi fo.Mks iaznf’kZr gksus okys lkWQVos;j
vkbdu es ,d vkbdu My Computer dk Hkh gksrk gSA ekbZ dEI;wVj
vkbdu dks [kksyus ds fy;s bl vkbdu ij Mcy fDyd djrs gSA blds
i’pkr Ldzhu ij ekbZ dEI;wVj fo.Mks iznf’kZr gksrh gSA ekbZ
dEI;wVj fo.Mks ds vUnj mifLFkr gksrk gsSA lHkh Mªkbo ds
vkbdku iznf’kZRk gksrs gSA rFkk fMokbZl ds Mªkbo rFkk
fMokbZl fo.Mks vkbdu ds :i es Hkh iznf’kZr gksrs gSA rFkk ge
bUgs fyLV ds :i ess aHkh iznf’kZr dj ldrs gSA ekbZ dEI;wVj
fo.Mks ds vUnj mifLFkr vkbZdu ds [kksyus ds fy, vkbZdu ij Mcy
fDyd djrs gSA dEI;wVj ds vUnj ge vius Data ;k Information dks
QkbZy ds vUnj laxzfgr djrs gSA rFkk Qkbyks dks QksYMj ds
vUnj laxzghr djrs gSA QksYMj dks flLVe es mifLFkr fofHkUu
Drives ds vUnj laxzghr djrs gSA
My Computer Window es dEI;wVj ds vUnj mifLFkr lHkh
MkbZol iznf’kZr gksrh gS bues ls ge ftl Mªkbo dks lysDV djrs
gSA ml Mªkbo ds vUnj ds lHkh QksYMjsk dh fyLV ;k vkbdku bl
fo.Mkst es iznf’kZr gksrh gSA rFkk ftl QksYMj dks lysDV djrs
gSA rFkk Mcy fDyd djrs gSA rks ml QksYMj ds vUnj ds lHkh
QkbZyks ds vkbZdu rFkk fyLV iznf’kZr gksrh gSA ekbZ dEI;wVj
es iznf’kZr QksYMjks rFkk Qkbyks ds uke cny ldrs gSA ekbZ
dEI;wVj fo.Mkst es iznf’kZr QksyMjks dk uke cnyus ds fy;s ml
QksYMj ij ekml jkbV cVu fDyd djrs gSA rks Popup Menu iznf’kZr
gksrk gSA bles iznf’kZr lc esU;q dh fyLV es Rename Option dks
fDyd djrs gsAa rFkk QksYMj dk uke VkbZi djrs gSA vkSj ekml
dh cVu ij fdlh vU; LFkku ij fDyd djrs gSA vc QksYMj dk u;k uke
iznf’kZr gksrk gSA blh izdkj Qkby dk uke cnyus ds fy, bUgh
LVsi dks iqu% nksgjkrs gSA ekbZ dIE;wVj fo.Mks es iznf’kZr
Folders rFkk Files dh fyLV es ls ge fdlh Qkby dks fMyhV djus ds
fy;s ml QkbZy dsk LysDV djrs gSA rFkk ekml dk jkbV cVu fDyd
djrs gsA iznf’kZr iIi&vi easU;q es fMyhV djus ds fy;s ,d eslst
ckDl QkbZy dks ls fMyhV gks tkrh gSA
Recycle Bin :- Files vkSj Folders dks feVkrs oDr Recycle Bin ,d
lqj{kk ra= iznku djrk gSA tc vki viuh gkMZ fMLd ls buesa ls
dksbZ Hkh Item feVkrs gSa rks Windows bls Recycle Bin esa j[k
nsrk gSA fdlh Floppy Disk ;k usVodZ Mªkbo ls feVk;s x;s Items
LFkk;h :i ls feV tkrs gSa vkSj Recycle Bin esa ugha Hksts tkrs
gSaA
Recycle Bin esa Items rc rd cus jgrs gSa] tc rd fd vki
mugsa vius dEI;wVj ls LFkkbZ :i ls feVkus dk fu’p; ugha djrsA ;s
Items vc Hkh gkMZ fMLd ij LFkku ?ksjrs gSa vkSj feVk, tk ldrs
gSa ;k vius okLrfod LFkku ij okil yk, tk ldrs gSaA tc ;g Hkj tkrk
gS] rks fo.Mkst Lor% fcYdqy vHkh&gky esa feVkbZ xbZ QkbYl
vkSj QksYMlZ dks j[kus ds fy, Recycle Bin esa i;kZIr txg cukrk
gSA Recycle Bin dks [kksyus ds fy, vius MsLdVkWi ij Recycle Bin
vkbdu ij nks ckj fDyd djsaA
Creating Folder & File :-
fdlh Hkh Drive esa Folder cukus ds fy, Mouse ds }kjk
Right Click fd;k tkrk gSA jkbV fDyd djus ij Display List esa ls New
Option dks select djus ij QksYMj vkWi’ku dks pquk tkrk gSA ftls
ge vius vuqlkj uke ns ldrs gSaA QksYMj ds vanj fofHkUu izdkj
dh Qkby vkSj QksYMj ds vanj lc QksYMj j[k ldrs gSA
Qkby dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy, MS Word ds Qkby Menu ds
New Option dks flysDV djus ij U;w fo.Mks vksiu gks tkrh gSA
tgka ij vko’;drkuqlkj information dks ogka ij Vkbi dj ldrs gSa vkSj
Save Option ds }kjk Qkby dks lso fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Renaming A File or Folder :-
;fn t:jr iM+s rks vki fdlh Qkby ;k QksYMj dk uke cny
ldrs gSaa fdlh Qkby ;k QksYMj dks iqu% uke nsus ds fy, ;g
djsaA
 vius Desktop ij My Documents Icon ij nks ckj fDyd djds My
Documents open djsaA
 ml Qkby ;k QksYMj dks fDyd djsa ftls vki iqu% uke nsuk
pkgrs gSaA
 Qkby vksSj QksYMj esa Rename file ;k Rename folder dks
fDyd djsaA
 uke Vkbi djasa vkSj fQj Enter nck,aA
Searching A File or Folder :- fdlh Qkby ;k QksYMj dks [kkstus ds
fy, ;g djsa %&
 Start ij fDyd djsa] Search dks IokbUV djsa vkSj fQj For this file
or folders ij fDyd djsaA ;fn vkidk LVkVZ esU;w XP ds :i esa
fu/kkZfjr gS] rks LVkVZ ij fDyd djsa vkSj lpZ dks flysDV
djsaA
 All File & Folders ij fDyd djsaa mlds ckn All or part of the file
name: VSDLV ckWDl esa iwjs ;k fdlh Qkby uke ds fdlh fgLls
dks Vkbi djsaA dqN ,sls Key word] tks vki lksprs gSa fd
vkidh Qkby ;k QksYMj esa gSa] mUgsa A word or Phase in
the file : VSDLV ckWDl esa Vkbi djsaA
Deleting Files or Folders :- vki mu Files ;k Foldersa dks feVk ldrs
gSa] tks vc bLrseky esa ugha gSaA Files ;k Folders dks feVkus
ds fy, ;g djsa %&
 vius Document ij My Document Icon dks nks ckj fDyd djds My
Document dks [kksyssaA
 ;g ns[ksa fd feVk;h tkus okyh vkidh Files ;k Folders My
Document fo.Mks esa gSa ;k ughaA
 mlds ckn feVk;h tkus okyh Qkbyksa ;k QksYMlZ dks
flysDV djsaA
 File & Folders Tasks esa Delete the selected items dks fDyd
djsaA tc vki ,slk djrs gSa] rks njvly QkbYl ;k QksYMlZ
LFkk;h :i ls ugha feVrs gSa] cfYd os fjlkbdy fcu esa lafpr
gks tkrs gSa] rks LFkk;h rkSj ij feVkus ds fy, Shift key dks
fDyd djsa vkSj nck,a j[ksa] vkSj fQj Del dks nck,aA
Restoring Deleted Files & Folders :-vki feVkbZ xbZ Qkbyksa
vkSj QksYMjksa dks iqu% lafpr dj ldrs gSa] ;fn vkius mUgsa
LFkk;h rkSj ij ugha feVk;k gSA mUgsa iqu% lafpr djus ds fy, ;g
djsaA
 Desktop ij Recycle Bin dks nks ckj fDyd djds Recycle Bin
[kksyssaA
 ml Qkby ;k QksYMj dks pqusa] ftls vki iqu% lafpr djuk
pkgrs gsaSA
 Recycle Bin Task esa Restore the Select Item dks fDyd djsaaaA

Windows Accessories :-
Accessories 'kCn dk vFkZ gS] fdlh midj.k ds ,sls vfrfjDr
Hkkx] tks mi;ksxh rks gSa] ysfdu vko’;d ugha] ;k vkWDlQksMZ
'kCndks’k ds vuqlkj] ftUgsa ,d ltkoV ds :i esa fdlh vU; oLrq ds
lkFk tksM+k tk ldrk gSA Windows ds lUnHkZ esa Hkh Accessories
dk vk’k; cgqr vyx ugha gSA lg&midj.k vkidks ,sls VwYl ;k midj.k
iznku djrs gSa] tks vkidks viuh Windows ij dqN vfrfjDr dk;Z djus
esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA rFkkfi lk&midj.k lewg esa vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ
VwYl gksrs gsaSA vkSj mugsa tkuuk cgqr vko’;d gSA
(i) Calculator :-
vki Calculator dk mi;ksx fdlh Hkh ekud dk;Z ds fy, dj ldrs
gsSaA ftlds fy, vki vkerkSj ij gkFk esa idM+s tkus okys Calculator
dk mi;ksx djrs gSaaA Calculator ewy vadxf.kr dh fØ;k,a] tSls
tksM+ vkSj ?kVko djrk gSA rFkk lkFk gh oSKkfud Calculator ij
ikbZ tkus okyh fØ;k,a tSls ykWxfjne] QSDVksfj;y vkfn dh x.kuk
Hkh lEiUu djrk gSA
(ii) Notepad :-
Notepad ,d Bais Text Editor gS] ftldk bLrseky vki lk/kkj.k
nLrkostksa ds fuekZ.k esa dj ldrs gSaA Notepad dk lcls izpfyr
mi;ksx VsDLV Qkbyksa dks ns[kuk ;k Edit djuk gSA ysfdu dbZ
Users Notepad dks Web Pagesa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, ,d lk/kkj.k midj.k
ds :i esa Hkh ekurs gSaaA pwafd Notepad dsoy cgqr gh
ekSfyd QkWesZfVax dk gh leFkZu djrk gS] vr% vki mu
nLrkostksa esa xyrh ls fo’ks"k QkWesSZfVax dks lafpr ugha dj
ldrs gSa] ftUgsa 'kq) VsDLV cus jgus dh vko’;drk gSA ,d osc ist
ds fy, HTML nLrkost dk fuekZ.k djrs oDr ;g fo’ks"kdj ykHknk;d
gS] D;ksafd fo’ks"k dsSjsDVj vkSj vU; QkWesZfVax vkids Nis
gq, osc i`"B ij izdV ugha gks ldrs gSa ;k fQj =qfV;ka Hkh iSnk dj
ldrs gSaA
(iii) Paint :-
Paint ,d fp=dkjh midj.k gSA bldk bLrseky vki dkyh vkSj
lQsn ;k jaxhu fp=dkjh ds fy, dj ldrs gSaa] ftls vki Bitmap Qkbyksa
ds :i esa lafpr dj ldrs gSaA vki E-mail esa viuh fp=dkjh dks
Hkstus ds fy,] MsLdVkWi dh i`"BHkwfe ds :i esa fp= dks j[kus
ds fy, vkSj fofHkUu Qkby QkWesZVksa dk bLrseky djds fp=&
Qkbyksa dks lafpr djus ds Hkh isUV dk bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA vki
LVkVZ & vkWy izksxzke & ,lsljht& isUV dks fDyd djds isUV dks
Open ldrs gSaA
(iv) Wordpad :-
Wordpad ds lkFk] vki lk/kkj.k VsDLV Document ;k tfVy
Formatting vkSj Graphics okys Documents dk fuekZ.k vkSj ,fMfVax
dj ldrs gSaA vki ,d Wordpad esa nwljs nLrkostksa ls lwpukvksa
dks tksM+ vkSj var% LFkkfir dj ldrs gSaA vki viuh Wordpad Qkby
dks ,d Text File] Rich Text File] MS Dos ds fy, VsDLV Qkby ;k
;wuhdksM ds :i esa lafpr dj ldrs gSaA nwljs izksxzkEl ds lkFk
dke djrs oDr] ;s QkWesZfVax t;knk yphykiu iznku djrh gSA ,sls
Documents tks dbZ Hkk"kkvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] dks fjp VsDLV
Qkby ds :i esa lafpr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
(v) Character Map :-
vki Character Map dk bLrseky vius nLrkostksa esa
fo’ks"k Characters dks dkWih vkSj isLV djus ds fy, dj ldrs gSaA
tSls fd Trade Mark dk fu’kku] fo’ks"k Characters] ;k nwljh Hkk"kk ds
Character lewg ls ,d Character.
Character Map dks [kksyuk :- Character Map dks [kksyus ds fy, fu-
fy- dk;Z djsa%&
 Start ij fDyd djsa] vkWy izksxzkEl dks IokbaV djsaA
 blds ckn] ,lsljht dks IokbUV djsa] flLVe VwYl dks IokbUV
djsaA
 vkSj fQj Character Map dks fDyd djsaA
Desktop :-
tc gekjs Computer ij Windows Operating System gks vkSj
ge dEI;wVj dks pkyw djs rks tks Window ges igyh ckj fn[kkbZ
iMrh gS mls Desktop dgrs gSA bl ij fofHkUu izdkj ds lkIVos;j
gksrs gS tSls & My computer , My Document , Recycle bin , Internet
explorer etc.bu lHkh lkWQVos;j ds lkFk buds Icons gksrs gSA bu
lkQVos;j dks [kksyus ds fy;s buds vkbdu ij nks ckj fDyd djrs gSA
ge pkgsa rks fdlh Hkh izksxzke dks MsLDVkWi ij yk ldrs gSA
Icons :-
Desktop ds mij cuh NksVh rLohjks dks Icon dgrs gSA os
lHkh vkids dEI;wVj esa laxzfgr Qkby rFkk izksxzke ds izos’k }kj
gSA tc vki Mouse dks vkbdu ij j[krs gS ml ij dqN fy[kk gqvk fn[krk
gSA tks mlds uke rFkk fo"k; dh igpku djkrk gSA ge lacaf/kr
Qkby rFkk izksxzke dks [kksyus ds fy;s ml ij Mcy fDyd djrs gSA
vkbdu nks rjg ds gksrs gS A ljy vkbdu Bhd mlh rjg ds
gksrs gS tSls dh mij crk;k x;k gSA vU; izdkj ds vkbdu ’kkWVZdV
vkbdu gksrs gSA vkbdu vkidks Program File] Disk Drive] Web Page]
fizUVj vkSj vU; dEI;wVjksa dh igpku djkrk gSA ’kkWVZdV
vkbdu dscy vkidks izksxzke rFkk Qkby ls fyad iznku djrk gSA
vlyh izksxzke ;k Qkby dks izHkkfor fd;s fcuk vki mls feVk ldrs
gS] tksM ldrs gSA
Dialog Box :-
;g vk;rkdkj ckWDl gksrk gS tgkW ,d vdsys dek.M
fu/kkZj.k ls lacaf/kr fodYi miyC/k gksrs gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s vki
Qkby dks lqjf{kr djuk pkgrs gS rks vki Qkby esuw ij fDyd djds
MkW;ykx ckDl [kksydj lso ij fDyd djsaA mlh rjg QkWUV dks
QkWesZV ds fy;s QkWesZV esuw ij tkdj fDyd djsaA vkSj
QkWUV ij fDyd djsaA
Windows Explorer :-
Windows Explorer vkids dEI;wVj ij Files] Folders vkSj Drives
dh vuqØfed lajpuk dks fn[kykrk gSA ;g dqN usVodZ Drives dks
Hkh fn[kkrk gS] ftUgsa vkids dEI;wVj ij ysVlZ dks fudkyus ds fy,
rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA Windows Explorer dk bLrseky djds vki QkbYl
vkSj QksYMlZ dks dkWih dj ldrs gSaA ,d txg ls nwljh txg Hkst
ldrs gSa] iqu% uke ns ldrs gSa vkSj [kkst ldrs gSaA
Control Pannel :-
Control Pannel fof’k"V lk/kuks ls lqLfTtr gksrk gSA ftudk
mi;ksx mu rjhdks es ifjofrZu ykus ds fy, fd;k gksrk gSA ftues
fo.Mkst fn[kkbZ iMrk gSA rFkk O;ogkj djrk gSA
bues ls dqN Vwy lsfVax es lek;ksftu djus es vkidh lgk;rk
djrk gS] tks vkids dEI;wVj dk bLrseky djus es vf/kd etsnkj cukrk
gSa mnkgj.k ds fy,] vki ekml dk iz;ksx LVS.MMZ Mouse Pointer
dks ltho vkbdu ls cnyus es dj ldrs gSA tks vkids Screen ij py&fQj
ldrk gks ;k lkmUM vkWfM;ks Devices dk iz;ksx ekud fLlVe
lkmUM dks viuh ilaUn ds lkmUMks ls cnyus es dj ldrs gSA vU;
Vwy Hkh gSA tks fo.Mkst dks lsV&vi djus es vkidh lgk;rk djrs
gSA rkfd vkidk dEI;wVj iz;ksx djus es vf/kd ljy gks tk;sA mnkgj.k
ds fy,] ;fn vki ck;s gkFk ls fy[krs gS rks vki ekml dk iz;skx ekml
cVuks dks bl iazdkj fLop djus es dj ldrs gsA fd nk;h vksj dk cVu
p;u o MªSfxax ds izkFkfed dk;ksZ dks dj ldsA dUVªksy iSuy
fo.Mks dh HkkWfr fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
Modems :-
Windows XP ds dUVªksy iSuy es fn, x, bl fodYi dk iz;ksx
dEI;wVj es u;k ekWMe LFkkfir djus vFkok igys ls LFkkfir
ekWMe dh lsfVax es ifjorZu djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl fodYi dk
iz;ksx djus ij ekWuhVj Ldhzu ij mijksDr foUMks iznf’kZr gksrh
gSA ;fn geus vius dEI;wVj es Modem yxk j[kk gSA rsk Windows
XP igys ml ekWMe dks ryk’k djsxk vr% bl izfdz;k dks vkxs c<kus
ds fy, ml izksxkze ls ckgkj vk tk, ftl izksxkze es ekWMe dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk jgk gks vkSj Push Button Next ij fDyd djus ij ekWMe dh
lsfVx es ifjorZu dj ldrs gSA ;fn ge Lo;a gh ekWMe dks ryk’k djuk
pkgrs gSA rks bl foUMks es pSd ckDWl dks pquus ls iq’k cVu
usDLV ij fDyd djus ij fiNys i`"B ij fn, x, nwljs foUMks iznf’kZr
gksrh gSA bl foUMks es Manufactures ds uhps fofHkUu ekWMe
dh fuekZrk dIifu;k dh lwph gksrh gSA vkSj ekWMe ds uhps bl
dEiuh es ekWMe ds Models dh lwph iznf’kZr gksrh gSA bles ls
ekWMe ds fuekZrk ,o Models dks pqudj iq’k cVu usDLV ij fDyd
djds iznf’kZr gksus okyh foUMks es bl ekWMe dh lsfVx dj ldrs
gSA
Network :-
usVodZ ij vius dEI;wVj dks jftLVj djus ds fy, vki Network
Setup Wizard dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSA blls igys fd vki fotkMZ ds lkFk
vkxs c<s] odZ&xzqi ds uke ij fu.kZ; ys ;g ,d ,slk uke gksuk
pkfg,A tks vkids dke djus ds {ks= vkSj foHkkx dks n’kkZrk gksA
vkidsk dEI;wVj ds ,d uke ij Hkh fu.kZ; ysus dh vko’drk gSA vc
vkidks iwjh izfd;k ds nkSjku funsZ’ku djrk gSA ,dek= fcUnq ftl ij
vki fnXHkzfer gks ldrs gsA Connection dk izdkj gSA fotkMZ vkids
dusD’ku dh igpku es enn djus ds fy, n`"VkUrks ds lkFk ,d
fooj.kkRed O;k[;k iznku djrh gSA ;fn vki ,slk lksprs gSA fd vkids
la;kstu dk izdkj lwphc) ugh gqvk gSA rks varj dks pqus vksj
usDLV ij fDyd djs blds ckn vkus okyh Ldzhu ds }kjk vki vius
la;kstu ds izdkj dh igpku dj ysxsA vUr es fotkMZ vksSj vf/kd
fe=or~ gksus ds iz;kl djsxh vkSj nwljs dEI;wVjks ds fy, usVodZ
la;kstu LFkkfir djus dh ;kstuk dh is’kd’k djsxhA dsoy Finish the
setting and Close the wizard fDyd djsA
usVodZ lsVvi fotkaMZ dks izkjEHk djus ds fy,
fuEukafyf[kr pj.kks dk iz;ksx djsA
 Start dks fDyd djsA vkSj dUVªksy iSuy dks [kksyus ds fy,
dUVªksy iSuy dks pqus ;k LVkVZ dks fDyd djsaA rFkk
dUVªksy issuy vkSj Setting dks Point djsA
 ys¶V isu ls dUVªksy iSuy ds rgr ^Switch to Classic* dks fDyd
djs D;ksfd dSVSxjh O;w es usVodZ lsVvi fotkMZ miyC/k
ugh gSA mlds ckn usVodZ lsV vi fotkMZ ij Mcy fDyd djs A
 usVodZ fotkMZ izkjEHk gks tk,xkA

Fonts :-
Windows XP ds dUVªksy iSuy es fn, x, bl fodYi dk iz;ksx
dEI;wVj es New True Type Font vFkkZr os QkUV QkbYLk ftudk
foLrkfjd uke TTF gSA dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
dUVªksy iSuy es fn, x, vkbdu ij fDyd djus ij ekWuhVj Ldhzu ij
QkWUV uked foUMks iznf’kZr gksrh gSA
bl foUMkst es igys LFkkfir Fonts iznf’kZr gksrs gSA Font es
v{kjks dk iznf’kZu djus ds fy, fdl izdkj dk gksrk gSA ;g tkuus ds
fy, bl foUMks es QkbZy ds izFke esU;q fodYi Open ij Mouse
Pointer ykdj fDyd djrs gSA bl fodYi ij fDyd djus ij QkWUV
foUMks es geus ftl QkUV dks pquk gqvk gsA mlds v{kj dk
aizn’kZu ekWuhVj Ldhzu ij vxys i`"B ij fn, x, fp= gksxkA
bl izdkj izn’kZu es lcls Åij Font dk uke mlds ckn QkWUV
ds ckjs es foLr`r tkjdkjh] tSls bl VkbiQsl dk uke bl QkUV dk
Qkby dk vkdkj ,o laLdj.k nh gksrh gSA blds uhps A to Z rd Small
Letters es fQj Capital Latters es vkSj fQj fofHkUu vad ,oa fo’aka"k
fpUg bl QkWUV es fdl izdkj iznf’kZr gksxsA ;g iznf’kZr gksxk
vUr es bl QkWUV ds v{kj daze’k% 12] 18] 24] 36] 48] 60 vkSj
72 IokbUV es fdrus cMs iznf’kZr gksrs gSA ;g tkudkjh nh gksrh
gSA
dksbZ u;k QkWUV dEI;wVj es LFkkfir djus ds fy, ges
File Menu ds Install New Font fodYi dks pquuk gksrk gSA bl fodYi
dks pquus ij ekWfuVj Ldzhu ij Add Font Mk;ykx ckDl iznf’kZr
gksrk gSA bl Mk;ykx ckDl es QksYMj ds uhps iznf’kZr gksus
okyh QksYMlZ dh lwph es ls ml QksYMj dks pqu ysrs gSA ftl
QksYMjsk es QkWUM fLFkr gSA ;fn foUMkst Windows XP dks bl
QksYMj es True Type Font feyrs gSA rks mu QkWUVl dh lwph
List of Fonts ds uhps cus ckDl es iznf’kZr gksrh gSA vc bl lwph
ls ges ftl QkWUV dks pquuk gS ml QkWUV dks ekml IokUVj dh
lgk;rk ls pqudj Push button OK ij fDyd djus ls bl QkUV dh dIE;wVj
es LFkkiu izfdz;k 'kq: gks tkrh gSA ;fn ge orZeku QksYMj es
fLFkr lHkh QkUVl dks dEI;wVj es LFkkfir djuk pkgrs gsA rks iq’k
cVu Select All ij fDyd djus ls QkUV dh lwph es iznf’kZr gksus
okyh lHkh QkWUVl pqu fy;s tkrs gsA vkSj vc iq’k cVu OK ij fDyd
djds lHkh QkUVl dsk ,d lkFk LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSa lwph es ls
,d ls vf/kd QkWUV dks Shift key dks nckdj Mouse Pointer dh lgk;rk
ls pqu tk ldrk gSA

Printer :-
Windows XP ds dUVªksy iSuy es fn, x, bl fodYi dk iz;ksx
Printers dks vko’drkuqlkj lsV ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS dUVªksy iSuy es
bl Icon ij fDyd djus ij ekWuhVj Ldzhu ij foUMks iznf’kZr gksrh
gSA bl foUMks es dEI;wVj ls tqMs gq, fizUVj ls lEcfU/kr lwpuk,
,oa fdlh u, fizUVj dks dEI;wVj ls tksMdj mls LFkkfir djus ds fy,
Add Printer Wizard dh O;oLFkk gksrh gSA igys ls LFkkfir fizUVj
ds ckjs es tkudkjh bl foUMks es iznf’kZr gksus okys fizUVj ds
vkbdu ij ekml IokbUVj ykdj ekml dk nk;k cVu nckus ls iznf’kZr
gksus okys esU;q es ls izksiVhZ fodYi dks pquus ij iznf’kZr
gksus okys Mk;ykx ckDl es ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA bl foUMks es
iznf’kZr gksus okys vkbdu Add Printer ij ekml IokbUVj dh lgk;rk ls
fDyd djus ij ekWuhVj Ldzhu ij ,M fizUVj fotkMZ foUMks iznf’kZr
gksrh gSA bl fotkMZ es vko’;d tkudkjh nsrs gSA ge u;k fizUVj
vius dEI;wVj es LFkkfir dj ldrs gSA
Audio/Sounds :-
Windows XP ds dUVªksy iSuy es fn, x, bl fodYi dk iz;ksx
Windows XP es dk;Z djrs le; fofHkUu dk;Z djrs le; fofHkUu
dk;ksZ ds fy, fofHkUu ?ofu ladsrks dks fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA dUVªksy iSuy ds bl Icon ij fDyd djus ij ekWuhVj Ldzhu
ij foUMks iznf’kZr gkssrh gSA
 bl foUMks es Events ds uhps mu ?kVukvks dh lwph
iznf’kZr gksrh gSA ftuds fy, Windows XP ds fy, /ofu laadsr dk
fu/kkZj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds uhps lkmM okys Hkkx es fofHkUu
/ofu ladsrks dh lwph iznf’kZr gksrh gSA igyh lwph es ?kVuk dks
pqudj nwljh lwph es ls pquh xbZ ?kVuk ds fy, /ofu ladsr fu/kkZfjr
fd;k tk ldrk gSa pquk x;k /ofu ladsr bl ?kVuk ds fy, fdl izdkj dh
/ofu mRiUu djsxk bldh tkpa /ofu ladsr dh lwph ds nk;h vksj fn, x,
iq’k cVu ij fDyd djds lquk tk ldrk gsA vkSj ;g /ofu ladsr rc rd
gksrk jgsxk tc rd fd iq’k cVu ij fDyd u fd;k tk, bl foUMks es
Schemes okys Hkkx es Windows XP es fLFkr fofHkUu Schemes dh
lwph iznf’kZr gksrh gSA izR;sd Ldzhe es fofHkUUk ?kVukvks
ds fy, fofHkUu /ofu ladsrks dk ,d lewg gksrk gSA bl izdkj /ofu
ladsrks dk fu/kkZfj.k djus ds fy, ds i’pkr iq’k cVu Apply ij fDyd
djds bl foUMks ls ckgj tk, fcuk vFkok iq’k cVu OK ij fDyd djds bl
Windows ls ckgj vkdj dh xbZ lSfVx dks izHkkfor dj ldrs gSA