STATE OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

IN 2019
3 Introduction
15 Tools

4 Our TOP partners

20 Hiring Talents

5 Partners
23 Software Outsourcing

11 Managing software
development
23 Performance
Measurement
 Welcome to the State of Software Development 2019 report!

In 2017, we decided to run a survey that uncovers interesting facts and trends
about software development for developers and developer managers.

It’s been 3 years since we published the first report, and it has gotten better every
year. The number of participants multiplied, and we got passionate partners on
board to help us with the survey promotion.

INTRODUCTION This year, 695 tech people participated, which is more than double compared to
last year.

I’m incredibly proud that this report is a result of the close collaboration of 9 organi-
zations working in software development.

Without them, I wouldn’t be here writing these words.

We need this level of openness and enthusiasm to create things that are much
bigger than ourselves. I’m glad we found partners who took the cause seriously.

What’s in this year’s report?

The questionnaire hasn’t changed much since last year. The idea here is to show
emerging trends and to present the changing landscape of software development
in a pleasant and easily readable way.

This report is divided into 5 main sections. The first one focuses on manage-
ment-related trends and challenges, followed by a technology and tool-focused
chapter, hiring, outsourcing and performance management.

The data is filtered in different ways so you will see the difference between the
average and top-performing teams and also what challenges developers and
managers face.

In some cases, the data is compared to last year’s, so you will see how things have
changed since 2018. Just imagine this report 3-5 years from now when trends will
be more visible.

Exciting times ahead!

I hope you will enjoy scrolling through the report and get some interesting insights
you can apply right away.

Thank you,
Matt Wohlmuth
Managing Director, Coding Sans
 OUR TOP PARTNERS
Publishing this report wouldn’t have been possible without the
close collaboration of our partners. They had the highest impact
on taking this report to the next level and truly deserve a high-
lighted spot in this report.

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The legendary GitKraken Git CloudBees offers an Cooperpress is the publisher

Client is designed to increase end-to-end system for auto- for several weekly email news-
productivity by making Git mating software delivery. letters reaching an audience
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Glo Boards help your dev
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PARTNERS
Our partner companies did their
fair part in promoting the survey http://bit.ly/2UkOob3 http://bit.ly/2UmFZUq
and together, they made a serious
impact on pushing the participa-
tion rate to the highest level ever
achieved.
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http://bit.ly/2UlSsIb http://bit.ly/2UkBkCr

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MANAGING
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
The biggest challenge tech companies are facing is
related to capacity: delivering working software while the
backlog is full and capacity is limited.

After that, at a very close second, is knowledge sharing.

Typically, knowledge sharing suffers first when the
backlog is full and the deadline is approaching.

What makes this section more interesting is the separation

of developers and developer managers since the nature of
the two job categories are different, making their challeng-
es different as well. Keep scrolling to see for yourself!
 What is your biggest challenge in What have you done to overcome
software development? these challenges?

CAPACITY

Are you facing this challenge? There are

several ways respondents are trying to over-
come this. The most popular one is hiring
more people so more developers can get
more things done. The respondents said the
21,29% other significant part is implementing agile
20,00% methods, prioritizing development and
improving productivity is their way to battle
this challenge.

15,83% SHARING KNOWLEDGE

13,96% One of the most popular ways to share
12,66% knowledge within the developer team is to
hold a dedicated knowledge sharing session
such as brown bag lunches, meetings, and
tech talks.

Another popular way to share knowledge is

through code reviews and by having internal
6,47% wikis/documentation for the team that can
be hosted on any team collaboration tool.
4,32%
2,88% 2,59%

Capacity Sharing Hiring Prioritizing Time Selecting Employee Labor Other

knowledge talent dev. mgmt. technology retention costs
 What is your biggest challenge in We split our survey participants into two groups: developers and
software development? managers (managing developer teams). Is there any notable differ-
ence? Yes, there is!

The biggest challenge developer managers are facing is dealing

with capacity issues (24.3% of the managers said that), followed by
hiring with 20.67%.

The picture is a bit different for developers. They said their biggest
challenge is sharing knowledge with their team members and as a
second, dealing with capacity issues.

Hiring and retaining employees are things that managers need to

do, while sharing knowledge could be a challenge for both groups.
24,32% 24,57%
Developers need to take the time and effort to transfer that
knowledge; managers are acting more like facilitators in this case.
20,67%
One common challenge is capacity. Developer managers need to
18,29% plan the projects the way they are aligned with the business goals,
17,14%
15,81% and from the business side, the pressure is almost inevitable. They
14,57% must do faster and do more, and there are countless features
waiting to be implemented. This puts pressure on the managers
and also on the developers who have to battle a crowded backlog.
11,14% 10,94%
10,03%
8,29%
6,69%
4,86% 4,26%
2,57% 2,43%
2,00% 1,43%

Capacity Sharing Hiring talent Prioritizing Time Selecting Employee Labor costs Other
knowledge development management technology retention Manager

Developer
What is your biggest challenge in What has changed since last year? Are the challenges shifting?
software development?
This chart compares the 2019 and 2018 developer manager
segment, displaying how the challenge focus is shifting.

32,48% Hiring was the biggest challenge in 2018. It still accounts for
the fair part of challenges. But since last year, 24.32% of the
survey participants said their biggest challenge is handling
capacity.
27,39%

24,32%

20,67%

15,81%
14,01%

11,46% 10,94%
10,03%

7,01% 6,69%
4,86%
4,26%
3,18% 3,18%
2,43%
1,27%
0,00%

Capacity Sharing Hiring talent Prioritizing Time Selecting Employee Labor costs Other
knowledge development management technology retention

Manager 2018
Manager 2019
What is your biggest challenge in But what about the developers? We did the same magic to
software development? see if the challenge trends are changing compared to last year.

In 2018, capacity and time management were the top chal-

lenges developers were facing. In 2019, developer participants
said their biggest challenge is sharing knowledge between
the team members and dealing with capacity.
24,41% 24,57%

21,26%

18,29% 18,11%
17,14%
15,75%
14,57%

11,81%
11,14%

8,29%

5,51%

2,36% 2,00% 2,57%

1,43%
0,79%
0,00%
Capacity Sharing Hiring talent Prioritizing Time Selecting Employee Labor costs Other
knowledge development management technology retention

Developer 2018
Developer 2019
 Scrum 58.09 %
60,58 %

38,94% Kanban
35,40%

13,86%
19,71% Agile modeling

15,18% We don’t use agile methodology

14,82%

14,19% Lean software development

12,81%

11,55% Scrumban
9,64%

11,55% Extreme programming (XP)

8,63%

8,58% Feature-driven development (FDD)

7,48%

8,25% Rapid application development

6,19%
Do you use any of these agile software
2,31% development methodologies?
3,74% Adaptive software development (ASD)

2,31%
3,60% Agile Unified Process (AUP)

3,30% Disciplined agile delivery

2,73%

0,99%
1,44% Other

0,66% Dynamic systems development method (DSDM)

0,72%

0,33%
0,72% Crystal Clear methods 2018
2019
0,33% Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe)
0,72%
 Yes
15.0 %

Yes No
72,2 % 54.4 %

No Are you planning to allow

27,8 % remote work in the next 12
months?

Is remote work allowed

at your company?

I don’t know
30,6 %
Tools & Tech
This section shows the most popular program-
ming languages and tools developer teams use
for testing, project management, version control,
and communication.

Developer teams use a wide variety of tools

(especially for testing and project management),
which makes it especially hard to present the
tools on a chart. The chart shows a few indus-
try-leading tools, following an army of tools
forming a long tail at the right end of the chart.

On the programming languages’ side, it’s exciting

to see how newer technologies are gaining mo-
mentum and climbing in popularity.
 JavaScript 54,24% Elixir 0,86%

34,96% Java Perl 1,15%

Dart 1,44%
24,46% Python
Objective C 1,44%
22,45% C#
C 1,44%
17,12% PHP
Rust 3,17%
15,83% TypeScript
PHP 3,45%
12,09% C++
Other 4,03%
7,91% Ruby
What are your company’s primary C++ 4,46%
7,19% C programming languages?*
Scala 4,89%
5,61% Swift
Swift 4,89%
5,18% Kotlin
What new programming languages are you
considering to use in the next 12 months?* Ruby 5,32%
5,04% Other
C# 5,90%
4,03% Go
Java 7,19%
3,02% Scala Kotlin 11,94%

2,88% Objective C JavaScript 12,81%

1,01% Perl TypeScript 16,98%

0,72% Elixir Go 17,55%

0,14% Rust Python 21,87%

*Compared to the whole sample (n=695)

0,14% Dart 29,06% Not considering any new languages

 What are your company’s primary programming languages (2018 vs 2019)?*

JavaScript 17,12% 60,73%

54,24%
30,03%
Java 34,96%
Python 25,41%
24,46%
C# 24,42%
22,45%
PHP 20,46%
17,12%
11,22%
TypeScript 15,83%
9,24%
C 12,09%

C++ 9,57%
7,91%
4,95%
Ruby 7,19%

Swift 8,91%
5,61%
Kotlin 2,97%
5,18%

Other 7,26%
5,04%
Go 5,94%
4,03%
Scala 3,30%
3,02%

Objective C 5,96%
2,88%
0,53%
Perl
1,01%
0,00%
Elixir 0,72%

Rust 0,33%
0,14%
0,00% 2018
Dart 0,14% 2019
*Compared to the whole sample (n=695)
 What new programming languages are you considering to use in the next 12 months (2018 vs 2019)?*

Not considering 36.63%

any new languages 28.92%
18.15%
Python 21.73%
14,85%
TypeScript 16,83%
16,83%
Go 17,41%
JavaScript 16,17%
12,66%
Kotlin 9,24%
11,80%
Java 7,26%
7,05%
4,95%
C# 5,76%
3,30%
Ruby 5,18%
Scala 4,95%
4,75%
Swift 6,93%
4,75%
3,30%
C++ 4,32%
3,63%
Other 3,88%

PHP 3,96%
3,31%
2,31%
Rust 3,17%
1,32%
C 1,29%
0,00%
Perl 1,29%
1,65%
Objective C 1,29%
0,00%
Dart 1,15%

Elixir 1,98% 2018

0,86%
2019
*Compared to the whole sample (n=695)
 What tool(s) do you use
Jenkins 30,94%
Yes for testing?*
75.83 % Selenium 24,75%

JUnit 20,14%

Other 17,41%

Jest 13,67%

What are the factors that are

Mocha 7,05%
limiting you from using one?

Pytest 7,05%
Do you use any tools
23.21%
for software testing? 19.64% Jmeter 6,91%
20.83%

14.88% CircleCI 6,76%

13.10%

8.33% Cucumber 6,47%

Nunit 6,19%

Phpunit 6,04%

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 91,22% What version control
What tool do you use for system do you use?*
project management?*

57,70% Jira

34,53% GitHub
11,37%
8,06%
19,86% BitBucket 2,45% 3,02%

Git SVN TFS SCM Other

17,27% Trello
37,55%
15,40% Other What SCM tool(s)
do you use?*
5,04% Tfs
25,76%
4,60% VSTS
21,01%
18,99%
4,46% GitLab 16,40%

3,88% Asana
8,49%
3,88% Not using any tool
3,02% 2,59% 2,30% 1,87%
2,59% Redmine

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*Compared to the whole sample (n=695)

What tools do you use to communicate during a project?*

55,97%

50,79%

36,12%

22,73%

16,12%
14,68%
13,24%

9,21%
5,61%
2,30%

Slack Email Jira Skype Other Google Go to Trello MS Teams Zoom

Hangouts meeting

*Compared to the whole sample (n=695)

HIRING TALENTS
Hiring and retaining developers are critical parts of
managing a developer team. We wanted to learn
more about how tech companies hire and retain
talents.

Since 2018, the most effective hiring methods

haven’t changed. Employee referrals and having
in-house recruiters are the best ways to hire talent.

This chapter also covers statistics on hiring criteria

and employee retention, segmented by top- and
average-performing teams to see if there is anything
top-performing teams do differently compared to
the average ones.
 Em
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software development?

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What’s your most efficient method to hire talent for

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8,63%

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2019
2018
 What are your most important hiring criteria?*

Willingness to learn
44,55%
54,68%

Work experience
37,62%
40,29%

Technical skill evaluation (tests)

37,62%
39,14%

Cultural fit
39,60%
38,85%

7,26%
Soft skills
21,87%

Side projects (apps, libraries, frameworks etc.) 12,21%

11,80%

Test project or task 17,16%

10,79%

College Degree 5,28%

4,89%

Other
2,64%
3,60%

Certifications (i.e. AWS) 1,98%

3,17%
2018
2019
*Compared to the whole sample (2019: n=695, 2018: n=303)
 How do you attract new software
developers?*

Team (team spirit, culture)

44,88%
45,61%

Interesting/challenging task 44,88%

40,58%

Flexible working hours

25,74%
33,96%

Growth opportunity (professional)

26,73%
28,20%

Company’s potential
28,38%
24,32%

Salary (higher than their previous)

20,46%
21,58%

Remote work
22,77%
20,29%

Self-management/independence
18,81%
19,42%

Other
0,33%
3,45%

Stock option
4,29%
2,88%

No specific way
1,65%
2018
1,01%
2019
*Compared to the whole sample (2019: n=695, 2018: n=303).
 How do you keep software developers
motivated?*

Challenging/engaging work 60,40%

56,26%

Team (team spirit, culture) 59,41%

57,84%
35,64%
Autonomy
32,23%

Exciting product
31,35%
23,02%
28,38%
Variety of tasks
35,11%

18,15%
Money
21,44%

16,50%
Extra benefits
16,26%
13,86%
Trainings
24,03%

13,53%
Career path
20,14%

7,59%
Stock options
4,03%

None
0,66%
0,86%

Conferences 0,33%
1,58%
2018

2019
*Compared to the whole sample (2019: n=695, 2018: n=303)
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OUTSOURCING
Since dealing with capacity issues is one of the biggest
challenges along with hiring talent, outsourcing seems
like a quick fix. This chapter presents data on the
proportion of companies that outsourced software
development in the last 12 months and also the ones
that are planning to do so in the next year. We also
were interested in if they were satisfied with the
outsourcing partner’s performance.
Have you ever outsourced software
development fully or partly?

33.38% 66.62%

NO YES
 How satisfied were you with the results?
Both
21.55%
Freelancer
21.12%
40,09%

21,55% 19,83%
12,93%
To whom?
5.60%

Absolutely Somewhat Neither satisfied Somewhat Absolutely

satisfied satisfied nor dissatisfied dissatisfied dissatisfied

Software
development
company
57.33%
 5.40%
28.51%
I don't know Yes

Are you planning to

outsource software projects
in the next 12 months?

No
66.09%
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
What are the differences between top- and aver-
age-performing teams? In this section, we dig
deeper into how software teams measure perfor-
mance and what the number one cause of delivery
problems is.
How effective is software development at your company?*

28,63%
26,47%

15,25%

8,92%
8,06%

5,04%
3,02% 2,73%
1,58%
0,29%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Low performers Average performers Top performers

*We divided the sample into three groups, based on the repondents’ answer on this self-evaluating question.
 What metrics do you use to measure developer performance?*

50,00% 49,50%
48,63%
46,94%

27,89%
24,89%
23,81% 24,46%
22,11% 21,44% 22,88%
20,07% 20,07%

13,24%

5,78%
3,06% 4,17% 2,88% 3,17%
1,70%

Working Completed Code We don’t use Speed of Number of Test Third-party Lines of Other
software tasks readability any metrics developer bugs coverage scoring code written
/grading

2018

*Compared to the whole sample (2019: n=695, 2018: n=303). 2019

 What metrics do you use to measure
developer performance?

58,36%

51,96% 50,69%

45,71%

30,60%
26,87%
24,56% 24,10%
22,44% 22,06% 22,99%
18,86%
14,23%
12,74%

6,41%
2,77% 3,91% 3,91% 2,77%
2,22%
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 What is the #1 measured criteria for success of
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Average performers
W

*Top and average separation is based on a self-evaluating question from page 31.
What is the #1 cause of delivery
problems for your team?

Unrealistic expectations 14,96%

Estimation 12,37%

Lack of clearly defined deliverables 13,09%

Requirements prioritization 9,50%

Lack of well-defined success criteria 6,91%

Ever changing landscape 11,08%

Lack of team experience 4,75%

Missing key skills on team 4,32%

Lack of management commitment and experience 5,04%

Failure to coordinate with outside teams 6,19%

Lack of budget 3,31%

Team turnover 1,44%

Poor tooling 2,59%

Ongoing trouble with outsourced vendors 1,15%

Other 3,31%
What is the #1 cause of delivery
problems for your team?

Unrealistic expectations
14,00%
16,11%

Estimation 11,71%
13,37%

Lack of clearly defined deliverables 13,71%

12,16%
Requirements prioritization 10,29%
9,12%
Lack of well-defined success criteria 7,14%
6,99%
9,43%
Ever changing landscape
12,46%
4,57%
Lack of team experience 5,17%

Missing key skills on team 5,14%

3,34%
Lack of management commitment and experience 6,29%
3,34%
Failure to coordinate with outside teams 7,14%
5,47%
Lack of budget
2,57%
4,26%
1,14%
Team turnover
1,22%

Poor tooling 3,14%

2,13%
1,14%
Ongoing trouble with outsourced vendors 1,22%
2,57%
Other
3,65% Manager

Developer
 What is the #1 cause of delivery
problems for your team?*

Top performers Average performers

Estimation 13,88% 12,12%

Lack of clearly defined deliverables 13,52% 12,40%

Unrealistic expectations 12,46% 16,53%

Requirements prioritization 12,46% 8,26%

Ever changing landscape 9,96% 12,12%

Lack of well-defined success criteria 7,47% 6,61%

Failure to coordinate with outside teams 6,41% 5,79%

Lack of team experience 4,98% 4,96%

Other 4,98% 2,20%

Missing key skills on team 3,56% 3,86%

Poor tooling 3,20% 2,20%

Lack of management commitment and experience 2,49% 5,51%

Lack of budget 2,14% 4,68%

Team turnover 1,42% 1,38%

Ongoing trouble with outsourced vendors 1,07%

1,38%

*Top and average separation is based on a self-evaluating question from page 31..
How do you ensure code quality?*

67,66%

60,14%

45,21%
41,15%

20,13% 20,13% 19,47%

15,11% 16,69%
12,52% 12,54% 11,94%

1.32% 2,45%

Peer review CI and TDD Commenting Documentation Using industry No specific way Other
within the code style guide

2018

*Compared to the whole sample (2019: n=695, 2018: n=303).. 2019

How do you ensure code quality?*

63,35%
60,11%

46,98%

37,95%

17,79% 17,45% 16,37%

14,13% 14,95% 14,40%
11,08%
5,34%
2,49% 2,49%

Peer review CI and TDD Documentation Commenting Using industry No specific way Other
within the code style guide

Top performers

*Compared to the whole sample (2019: n=695, 2018: n=303). Separation is based on a self-evaluating question from page 31. Average performers
ABOUT THIS SURVEY
This year’s State of Software Development survey
had the largest number of respondents: 695 profes-
sionals from 76 countries participated. This chapter
provides more info about who they are, what kind of
company they work for and where they’re based.
 Middle East, Africa
6.93%
B2G
Other
3.60%
7.63% Central & South America
6.91%

Asia & Australia

10.94%
To whom does
B2C Europe
your company Where are you
25.76% 36.40%
primarily sell? based?

B2B
63.0%
North America
39.42%
 So
ft
w
IT ar
Se e/T
rv e
ic ch
es n
/C olo
Fi
na ons gy 33,96%
nc ul
ia ti
l S ng 15,25%
M er
ar vi
ke ce
tin s 8,92%
g, O
PR He th
e 5,18%
or alth r
Ad ca
ve re 4,60%
rt
What industry are you in?

M is
E i
ed du n g 3,45%
ia ca
/P ti
ub on
lis
3,31%
Ar
ts hi
& In ng
2,88%
En su
te ra
rt nc
M ai e 2,30%
Te an nm
le uf en
co a t 2,16%
m ct
m ur
un in
ic g 2,16%
G a
ov tion
er s 2,01%
nm
Au en
to
m t 2,01%
ot
iv
Tr e 2,01%
av R
el et
& ai
To l 1,73%
ur
H is
m
um Ho
sp 1,73%
an ita
Co R lit
ns eso y 1,29%
um u rc
er
G
es 1,15%
oo
N
In on ds 1,01%
du -
st pro
ria fi 0,86%
lG t
Ac oo
co ds
un U 0,86%
tin tili
g tie
Se s 0,58%
rv
ic
es 0,58%
 VP of Engineering
1.58%
Chief Information officer
1.15%
DevOps Engineer
0.72%
Head of Engineering
5.59% CEO
0.43%
Engineering Director
2.88% What’s your role in your Owner or Founder
company?
0.29%
Product owner
4.03% Lead software engineer
Chief Technology Officer 0.29%
6.47%
Software Architect
Engineering Manager
0.29%
6.91%
Other
7.19% Developer
47.05%

Engineering Team Lead

18.13%
 How many full-time employees does How big is your software team?
your company have?

44,46%
31,80%

26,47%

17,55%

13,67% 14,10% 10,22%

10,50% 7,77%
8,20% 9,06% 6,19%

0-5 6-10 11-20 21-40 41-100 101+ 0-5 6-10 11-20 21-40 41-100 101+
BYLINES AND METHODOLOGIES
Coding Sans fielded an online survey in coopera-
tion with 9 partner companies from February 2019
until March 23, 2019. The survey was available in
English and consisted of 37 questions. The responses
were sourced via email invitations, social media,
and newsletter promotion with other companies.
No personal information was collected within the
survey, and books, tool discounts, and eGift cards
were offered as incentives to boost survey partici-
pation and completion rate.
 Coding Sans is a software development agency, build-
ing serverless mobile and web applications.

We’re based in Hungary working for companies all

NICE TO MEET YOU around the world.

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