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    Fish Diseases Factsheet

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    Wayne
    Disease in aquaponics results from a complex interaction between the host fish, pathogens, and environmental conditions. The health of the fish depends on factors like water quality, stocking density, and handling practices that can impose stress. When environmental stress or the fish's defense systems deteriorate, disease outbreaks are more likely to occur. Allostatic load, the cumulative effect of stress responses, increases the risk of disease as it rises to the level of allostatic overload. To maintain healthy aquaponics production, pathogens must be evaluated and preventative measures developed specific to the system and fish species used.

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    Fish Diseases Factsheet

    Uploaded by

    Wayne
    59 views2 pages
    Disease in aquaponics results from a complex interaction between the host fish, pathogens, and environmental conditions. The health of the fish depends on factors like water quality, stocking density, and handling practices that can impose stress. When environmental stress or the fish's defense systems deteriorate, disease outbreaks are more likely to occur. Allostatic load, the cumulative effect of stress responses, increases the risk of disease as it rises to the level of allostatic overload. To maintain healthy aquaponics production, pathogens must be evaluated and preventative measures developed specific to the system and fish species used.

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    Fish Diseases Factsheet

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    Disease in aquaponics results from a complex interaction between the host fish, pathogens, and environmental conditions. The health of the fish depends on factors like water quality, stocking density, and handling practices that can impose stress. When environmental stress or the fish's defense systems deteriorate, disease outbreaks are more likely to occur. Allostatic load, the cumulative effect of stress responses, increases the risk of disease as it rises to the level of allostatic overload. To maintain healthy aquaponics production, pathogens must be evaluated and preventative measures developed specific to the system and fish species used.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views2 pages

    Fish Diseases Factsheet

    Uploaded by

    Wayne
    Disease in aquaponics results from a complex interaction between the host fish, pathogens, and environmental conditions. The health of the fish depends on factors like water quality, stocking density, and handling practices that can impose stress. When environmental stress or the fish's defense systems deteriorate, disease outbreaks are more likely to occur. Allostatic load, the cumulative effect of stress responses, increases the risk of disease as it rises to the level of allostatic overload. To maintain healthy aquaponics production, pathogens must be evaluated and preventative measures developed specific to the system and fish species used.

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    Aquaponics, Fish Diseases and Allostatic Load

    Disease is a set of interactions among the host (fish), the pathogen, and the environment
    (water) (Fig 1).. The factors such as the species of fish, size or age, strain or stock, immune
    status, and general physiological condition of fish affect the host robustness to pathogen
    and resistance to diseases. For the pathogen, factors include the concentration of infectious
    particles present in water, their physiological properties and the virulence of the strain. The
    sensitive balance between the pathogen and the host is linked to disease and health, and
    that balance is mainly influenced by environmental factors, particularly by water quality. Fish
    in the aquaponic system may be exposed to adverse environmental conditions (e.g. poor
    water quality) and to management practices (e.g. crowding or handling) that can impose
    stressors and affect the immune defence reactions of the fish. Disease oubreaks typically
    occur when environmental quality or the defence systems of the fish have deteriorated.

    Disease

    Pathogen

    Host

    Environment

    Fig 1. “Snieszko diagram” (1974) illustrating the complex interaction between the host (genetics,
    immune system), pathogen (virulence), and environment (stress, climate) on development of diseases.

    Fish pathogens exist in aquaponics however, fish usually are able to resist them unless
    allostatic load gets to the level of overload. The stress response can also be defined as
    allostasis, which explains the struggle to maintain homeostasis through alterations in
    physiological systems. Allostasis enables fish to configure the physiological status to resist
    against stress. Allostatic load also expresses the cumulative result of allostatic states. This
    can be regarded as the cost an animal has to pay to realise homeostasis via allostasis.
    Allostatic load can be included in the adaptive response to a threat and considered as
    competent however, when the allostatic load turns into allostatic overload, the stress comes
    to the phase of detrimental effects. Although being an adaptive response at first, prolonged
    and/or additional exposure to novel stressors leads to a situation named allostatic overload,
    in which pathologies and diseases occur. Ultimately, as allostatic load increases the risk of
    diseases increases.

    The community of the microbial organisms in the aquaponics system is one of the major
    complementary part of the system. The bacteria species existing in the system are of great
    concern mainly due to nitrifying bacteria. However, pathogen bacteria and other disease
    agents should be carefully evaluated for its potential disease risk as the disease outbreak
    may be an important constraint to the expansion of economically efficient and healthy
    aquaponics production. The agents of primary infections of fish are parasitic, fungal,
    bacterial and viral. Diseases of fish are mostly species and system specific thus, the diseases
    specific to aquaponic conditions and fish species cultured in aquaponic are of potential to
    emerge. To sustain aquaponics, the prophylactic measures against the diseases should be
    taken into consideration and the necessary strategy specific to the aquaponics to prevent
    the diseases should be developed.

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