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Hyperbola Notes

The document provides information about hyperbolas including their key parts such as the center, vertices, and foci. It explains how to graph a hyperbola by finding the center, sketching the rectangle and asymptotes, and plotting the vertices and foci. It also demonstrates how to write the equation of a hyperbola in standard form whether given in general form or already in the form x2 - y2. Examples are provided for writing the standard form equation and writing the equation of a hyperbola given specific information about its foci and vertices.

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Kunj Dalal
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views

Hyperbola Notes

The document provides information about hyperbolas including their key parts such as the center, vertices, and foci. It explains how to graph a hyperbola by finding the center, sketching the rectangle and asymptotes, and plotting the vertices and foci. It also demonstrates how to write the equation of a hyperbola in standard form whether given in general form or already in the form x2 - y2. Examples are provided for writing the standard form equation and writing the equation of a hyperbola given specific information about its foci and vertices.

Uploaded by

Kunj Dalal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hyperbola Notes

Objectives:
Find the center, vertices, and foci of a hyperbola.
Graph a hyperbola.
Write the equation of a hyperbola in standard form given the general form of the equation.
Write the equation of an hyperbola using given information.
Parts of an hyperbola:
center (h, k)
( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2
  1 Opens horizontally (x is positive).
a2 b2 a – distance from the center to vertex

c – distance from the center to focus.


The foci lie on the transverse axis.
( y  k ) 2 ( x  h) 2 The foci lie inside the opening of the
  1 Opens vertically (y is positive). hyperbola.
a2 b2

Horizontal Hyperbola Vertical Hyperbola

Focus

Vertex
b
Focus a
Focus a c
b
Vertex Center Vertex
Center
c
Vertex

Focus

Graphing Hyperbolas:
1. Find and plot the center (h, k). Remember that the x-coordinate of the center is first.
2. Sketch the rectangle and asymptotes.
**The square root of the x-denominator tells you how far to move left and right from the center to
the sides of the rectangle. The square root of the y-denominator tells you how far to move up and
down from the center to the sides of the rectangle. The asymptotes pass through the diagonals of
the rectangle. The hyperbola will approach the asymptotes.
3. Determine if the hyperbola is horizontal or vertical and sketch the graph.
4. Label the vertices and foci.
How to plot FOCI:
1) Find c, solve a2 + b2 = c2
2) Count from center c spaces each direction inside the opening of the hyperbola.

Examples:
x 2 y2 ( y  2) 2 (x  1) 2
1.  1 2.  1
9 4 4 5
Writing the standard form equation of a hyperbola

Examples:
Notice that the constant term in the standard form equation of a hyperbola is ONE. If an equation is already in
the form x2 - y2 or (x –h) 2 – (y – k)2, then you only need to divide by the constant and simplify the fractions to
change the equation to standard form.

1. 9 x2  16 y 2  144 2. 3( x  2)2  4( y  1)2  192


9 x 2 16 y 2 144 *Simplify the fractions. 3( x  2)2 4( y  1) 2 192
  How many times will 9 divide  
144 144 144 into 144? How many times 192 192 192
x2 y 2 will a6 divide into 144? ( x  2)2 ( y  1) 2
 1  1
16 9 64 48

If the equation is in general form such as example #3, then you must complete the square to write the equation
in standard form.

3. 4 x2  9 y 2  16 x  18 y  65  0 1. Group x’s and y’s. Move the constant to the right.

(4 x2  16 x)  (9 y 2  18 y)  65 2. Factor out the coefficient of x2 and y2.

4( x2  4 x  ___)  9( y 2  2 y  ___)  65 3. Complete the square. *Remember that you must


also add the same value on the right. You must
4( x2  4 x  4)  9( y 2  2 y  1)  65  4(4)  9(1) multiply the value by the number in front of the
parentheses. Don’t forget the sign.
4( x  2)2  9( y  1)2  72
4. Factor and simplify.
( x  2)2 ( y 1) 2
 1
18 8 5. Divide by the constant and simplify the fractions.
Write the positive term first.
Writing the equation of a hyperbola
1. Sketch the given information in needed.
2. Find the center(h, k), a and b. Use a2 + b2 = c 2 if needed.
3. Substitute into the standard form equations.

Example) Write the equation of a hyperbola with foci(0, -3) & (0, 3) and vertices (0, -2) & (0, 2).

The center is midway between the vertices – (0,0)


Since the hyperbola is vertical, use y 2 – x 2.
(0, 3)
(0, 2) y 2 x2
Plug-in the center:  1
_ _
(0, -2)
(0, -3)
The vertical distance from vertex to center is 2.
y 2 x2
Square this value and write it under y:  1
4 _
Use a2 + b2 = c2 to find b2.
22 + b2 = 32 , b2 = 5
y 2 x2
Substitute 5 into the equation.  1
4 5

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