D.

BERNOULLI’S EQUATION 26
. (𝑥 2 + 6𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
77
1
Definition: Bernoulli’s Equation are nonlinear DE that [(𝑥 2 + 6𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0] (− )
4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
can be transformed into linear ODE. They have the
𝑥2 6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
form: − − + =0
dy 4𝑥𝑦 4𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3𝑦
dx − − =0
where 𝑛 is a real number, 𝑛 ≠ 1 or 0. 𝑑𝑥 4𝑦 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑦 𝑥
− =
Steps: 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4𝑦
1. Put the DE into this form: 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥
− 𝑦 = 𝑦 −1
dy 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛
+
dx
2. Multiply the DE with 𝑦 −𝑛 .  𝑛 = −1, so multiply the DE with 𝑦 −(−1) = 𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
3. Let 𝑣 = 𝑦1−𝑛 and = (1 − 𝑛)𝑦 −𝑛
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
to make the equation into LINEAR DE. 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥
− 𝑦 = 𝑦 −1
dy 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥
dx 𝑦[ − 𝑦 = 𝑦 −1 ]
4. Use the process of LINEAR DE. 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
𝑑𝑦 3 2 𝑥
𝑦 − 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
4
. 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 −2𝑥  2
Let 𝑣 = 𝑦 and 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥
76 1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 −2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 3 2 𝑥
 Put the equation into Bernoulli’s equation: 𝑦 − 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑣 3 𝑥
− 2𝑥 𝑣 = 4
− 𝑦 = −𝑥𝑦 𝟑 𝑒 −2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑣 3 𝑥
 𝑛 = 3, so multiply the DE with 𝑦 −3 2[ − 𝑣= ]
2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 3 𝑥
𝑦 −3 [ − 𝑦 = −𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 −2𝑥 ] − 𝑣=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝑥
3
and 𝑄(𝑥) = 2
𝑥
𝑦 −3 − 𝒚−𝟐 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
 Let 𝑣 = 𝑦1−3 and 𝑑𝑥 = (1 − 3)𝑦 −3 𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 ∫ −𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑦 −2 and = −2𝑦 −3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −3 ln 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
− 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 −3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 −3
𝜇(𝑥)𝑣 = ∫ 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 −3 − 𝑦 −2 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 −3 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥 −3 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑣 2
− − 𝑣 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥 −2
2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑣 1
−2 [− − 𝑣 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 ] = − 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 1
+ 2𝑣 = 2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥 −3 𝑣 = − + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑦2
𝑃(𝑥) = 2 𝑄(𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 1
𝑥 −3 𝑦 2 = −+𝑐
2𝑥
𝑦2 1
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =− +𝑐
𝑥 3 2𝑥
= 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
𝜇(𝑥)𝑣 = ∫ 𝜇(𝑥)𝑄(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 1 1
= − +𝑐
1 2
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 3
𝑐=
2
= ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑦2 1
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 =− +𝑐
𝑥3 2𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑦 −2 𝑦 2
1 3
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 −2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 3
=− +
𝑥 2𝑥 2
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 2
1 3
𝑦 2 [ 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐] 2𝑥 3 [ 3 = − + ]
𝑦 𝑥 2𝑥 2
2𝑦 2 = −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3
𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑦 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑐) 2𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 − 1)
1
14 6
76
. 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑥 2 ln 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0 . 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
76
1 1
[2𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(𝑥 2 ln 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0] ( ) [𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0] ( )
2𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 ln 𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3
+ − =0 + − =0
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3 ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3
− =− + =
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 ln 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 1
− 𝑥=− 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦

 𝑛 = 3, so multiply the DE with 𝑥 −3  𝑛 = −1, so multiply the DE with 𝑥 −(−1) = 𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1 ln 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 1
− 𝑥=− 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 1 ln 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 1
𝑥 −3 [ − 𝑥=− 𝑥 ] 𝑥 [ + 𝑥 = 3𝑥 −1 ]
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 1 −2 ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 1 2
𝑥 −3 − 𝑥 =− 𝑥 + 𝑥 =3
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
 Let 𝑣 = 𝑥 −2 and
𝑑𝑣
= −2𝑥 −3
𝑑𝑥  Let 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
− 2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥 1 −2 ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 1 2
𝑥 −3 − 𝑥 =− 𝑥 + 𝑥 =3
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
1 𝑑𝑣 1 ln 𝑦 1 𝑑𝑣 1
− 2 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑦 𝑣 = − 2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
∓𝑦𝑣 = 3
1 𝑑𝑣 1 ln 𝑦 1 𝑑𝑣 1
−2 [− − 𝑣=− ] 2[ ∓ 𝑣 = 3]
2 𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑣 1 ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑣 2
+ 𝑣= + 𝑣=6
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
1 ln 𝑦 2
𝑅(𝑦) = 𝑦 and 𝑆(𝑦) = 𝑦 𝑅(𝑦) = and 𝑆(𝑦) = 6
𝑦

𝜇(𝑦) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑅(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝜇(𝑦) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑅(𝑦)𝑑𝑦

2
∫𝑦𝑑𝑦
1 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
=𝑒 =𝑒 𝑦
= 𝑒 ln 𝑦 = 𝑒 2 ln 𝑦
=𝑦 = 𝑦2

𝜇(𝑦)𝑣 = ∫ 𝜇(𝑦)𝑆(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝜇(𝑦)𝑣 = ∫ 𝜇(𝑦)𝑆(𝑦)𝑑𝑦

ln 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑣 = ∫ 6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑣 = ∫ 𝑦 ( ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
= ∫ ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑣 = 2𝑦 3 + 𝑐
𝑣 = 𝑥2
𝑢 = ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 2𝑦 3 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑦 𝑣=y
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − ∫ 𝑦 𝑦
𝑦𝑣 = 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑐
−2
𝑣=𝑥
𝑦
= 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑥2
𝑦
𝑥 2 [ 2 = 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑐]
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑥 2 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 2
𝑦 − 𝑦𝑥 2 ln 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥 2 = 𝑐𝑥 2

𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ln 𝑦) = 𝑐𝑥 2