Design of Fault Tolerant Systems
Design of Fault Tolerant Systems
UNIT - I
Fault Tolerant Design: Basic concepts: Reliability concepts, Failures & faults, Reliability and Failure
rate, Relation between reliability and mean time between failure, maintainability and availability,
reliability of series, parallel and parallel-series combinational circuits.
Fault Tolerant Design: Basic concepts-static, dynamic, hybrid, triple modular redundant system
(TMR), 5MR reconfiguration techniques, Data redundancy, Time redundancy and software
Redundancy concepts. [TEXTBOOK-1]
UNIT - II
Self Checking circuits & Fail safe Design: Self Checking Circuits: Basic concepts of self checking
circuits, Design of Totally self checking checker, Checkers using m out of n codes, Berger code, Low
cost residue code.
Fail Safe Design: Strongly fault secure circuits, fail safe design of sequential circuits using partition
theory and Berger code, totally self checking PLA design. [TEXTBOOK-1]
UNIT - III
Design for Testability: Design for testability for combinational circuits: Basic concepts of Testability,
Controllability and observability, The Reed Muller’s expansion technique, use of control and syndrome
testable designs.
Design for testability by means of scan: Making circuits Testable, Testability Insertion, Full scan
DFT technique- Full scan insertion, flip-flop Structures, Full scan design and Test, Scan Architectures-
full scan design, Shadow register DFT, Partial scan methods, multiple scan design, other scan
designs.[TEXTBOOK-2]
UNIT - IV
Logic Built-in-self-test: BIST Basics-Memory-based BIST,BIST effectiveness, BIST types,
Designing a BIST, Test Pattern Generation-Engaging TPGs, exhaustive counters, ring counters,
twisted ring counter, Linear feedback shift register, Output Response Analysis-Engaging ORA’s,
One’s counter, transition counter, parity checking, Serial LFSRs, Parallel Signature analysis, BIST
architectures-BIST related terminologies, A centralised and separate Board-level BIST architecture,
Built-in evaluation and self test(BEST), Random Test socket(RTS), LSSD On-chip self test, Self –
testing using MISR and SRSG, Concurrent BIST, BILBO, Enhancing coverage, RT level BIST design-
CUT design, simulation and synthesis, RTS BIST insertion, Configuring the RTS BIST, incorporating
configurations in BIST, Design of STUMPS, RTS and STUMPS results. [TEXTBOOK-2]
UNIT - V
Standard IEEE Test Access Methods: Boundary Scan Basics, Boundary scan architecture- Test
access port, Boundary scan registers, TAP controller, the decoder unit, select and other units,
Boundary scan Test Instructions-Mandatory instructions, Board level scan chain structure-One serial
scan chain, multiple-scan chain with one control test port, multiple-scan chains with one TDI,TDO but
multiple TMS, Multiple-scan chain, multiple access port, RT Level boundary scan-inserting boundary
scan test hardware for CUT, Two module test case, virtual boundary scan tester, Boundary Scan
Description language. [TEXTBOOK-2]
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Parag K. Lala, “Fault Tolerant & Fault Testable Hardware Design”, 1984, PHI
2. Zainalabedin Navabi, “Digital System Test and Testable Design using HDL models and
Architectures”, Springer International Edition.
REFERENCES:
1. Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur D. Friedman, “Digital Systems Testing and
Testable Design”, Jaico Books
2. Bushnell & Vishwani D. Agarwal, “Essentials of Electronic Testing”, Springer.
3. Alfred L. Crouch, “Design for Test for Digital IC’s and Embedded Core Systems”, 2008,
Pearson Education.