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Atomic Structure Keywords

This document defines key terms related to atomic structure and the periodic table. It defines atoms as the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties, with a positively charged nucleus and electrons orbiting it. It also defines protons, neutrons, and electrons as the main subatomic particles. Other terms defined include atomic mass, atomic number, isotope, relative atomic mass, element, periodic table, atomic particle, group, period, periodic trend, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius.

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75 views

Atomic Structure Keywords

This document defines key terms related to atomic structure and the periodic table. It defines atoms as the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties, with a positively charged nucleus and electrons orbiting it. It also defines protons, neutrons, and electrons as the main subatomic particles. Other terms defined include atomic mass, atomic number, isotope, relative atomic mass, element, periodic table, atomic particle, group, period, periodic trend, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius.

Uploaded by

Wafa Osman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KEYOWRD Definition

Atom The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of the
element. Atoms are electrically neutral, with a positively charged nucleus that binds
one or more electrons in motion around it.
Atomic Mass (z) Number of protons and neutrons added together
Atomic Number (A) The number of protons and electrons in the atom
Proton An elementary particle found in the atomic nucleus with a positive charge equal and
opposite to that of the electron
Neutron An elementary particle found the atomic nucleus of all stable atoms except the
hydrogen-1 atom. Neutrons have no charge and have a mass of 1.
Electron The elementary subatomic particle that carries a negative electrical charge
Nucleus A tiny, incredibly dense positively charged mass at the heart of the atom. The nucleus
is composed of protons and neutrons (and other particles). It contains almost all of the
mass of the atom but occupies only a tiny fraction of the atom's volume.
Isotope Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
This is because they contain the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons.
Relative Atomic A relative atomic mass is a measure of how heavy atoms are. It tells us the number of
Mass (Ar) times an average atom of an element from a given sample is heavier than one twelfth
of an atom of carbon-12. The word relative in relative atomic mass refers to this scaling
relative to carbon-12
Element An element is a substance made from only one type of atom.
Periodic Table A tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number
(number of protons), electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.
Atomic particle A particle that is a part of an atom, e.g. a proton, electron, or neutron
Group The vertical columns in the periodic table. Elements that have the same number of
electrons in their outer shells fall into the same group on the periodic table.
Period The horizontal rows on the periodic table
Periodic Trend A regular variation in the properties of an element with increasing atomic number. A
periodic trend is attributed to regular variations in the atomic structure of each
element.
Electron Affinity The change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom (in the gaseous phase) when an
electron is added to the atom.
Electronegativity A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Ionization energy The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the
(IE) valence electron, of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation.
Atomic Radius A measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center
of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.

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