Experimental Methods Lab

Eastern Mediterranean University
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Laboratory Handout
COURSE: MENG203 – Experimental Methods for Engineers
Semester: Fall (2014-2015)
Name of Experiment: Using a Pitot-Static Probes to Measure Velocity
Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Ozdenefe
Submitted By: Ibraheem Olugbade

Student No: 148141
Group No: 02
Date of Experiment: 12 November, 2015
Date of Submission: 08 December, 2015
EVALUATION
Activity During Experiment &

Procedure 10 %
Introduction & Methods 20 %
Data , Results & Graphs 40 %
Discussion & Conclusion 25 %
Neat and tidy report writing 5%
Overall Mark
Weights are now added in convenient increments, and at each increment the pressure
gauge reading is observed. A similar set of results is then taken with decreasing weights. To
guard against the piston sticking in the cylinder, it is advisable to rotate the piston gently
while the pressure gauge is being read.
Results
Weight of piston =1 kgf
=9.81 N
Cross sectional area =333 mm^2
= 0.333 *10^(-3) m^2
Total load including True Gauge Reading Gauge Error

piston weight Pressure Increasing Decreasing Increasing Decreasing
Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure
kN/m^2
kgf N kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2
0.50 4.9 14.7 1.00 2.00 13.7 12.7
1.00 9.8 29.5 21.00 22.00 8.5 7.8

2.00 19.6 58.9 45.00 45.00 13.9 13.9
3.00 29.4 88.4 68.00 80.00 20.4 8.4
5.00 49.1 147.3 124.00 140.00 23.3 7.3
7.00 68.7 206.2 188.00 200.00 18.2 6.2

9.00 88.3 265.1 260.00 240.00 5.1 25.1
9.50 93.2 279.9 270.00 270.00 9.9 9.9
The table above presents a typical set of results. The weights are converted from units of
kilogram-force (kgf) to newton (N) simply by multiplying by the factor 9.81, and the true
pressure follows by dividing this figure by the piston area
Pressure Gauge Calibration
300
250
Gauge Readings kN/m^2
200
150
100
50
0
0 50 100 Series1 150 Series2 200 250 300
True Pressure kN/m^2
Pressure Gauge Error

30
25
Gauge Error kN/m^2
20
15
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
True Pressure kN/m^2
Series1 Series2
Discussion of Result
Two different kinds of error may normally be expected in a gauge of this
type. First, there is the possibility of hysteresis due to friction and backlash,
so that the gauge will tend to read lower values when the pressure is
increasing than when decreasing. Th. gauge tested here has not more than
1 kN/m^2 of this kind of error. Secondly, there is the graduation error due
to the scale being marked off incorrectly. In this gauge, the graduation error
increases fairly from zero to approximately 25 kN/m^2 at a reading of
around 240 kN/m^2 unsteadily. This error, of about 9.5%, would be
acceptable small for many engineering purposes, although Bourdon gauges
with a much higher accuracy are available for accurate work.
Questions for Further Discussion

1. What suggestions have you for improving the apparatus?
-The apparatus should be clean and safe at all times to prevent rust or damages on them.
-Safety precautions should be followed at all times before any experiment is carried out at all.
-Students should know the use of the apparatus in order to avoid clashes or damages.
2. No correction has been made for the difference in elevation of the
piston of the dead weight tester and of the pressure gauge. If the centre
of the gauge were 200 mm higher than the base of the piston, should a
correction be made, and if so, how big would it be?
-Yes, correction must be made in order to get the exact weight on the pressure gauge and it should be
a little higher from the base point to get the exact reading as well as the calibration of the readings.
3. What alterations would you make to the dimensions of the piston if it

were desired to calibrate a gauge with a full scale reading of 3500 kN/m^2,
using the same weights?
-If it was desired to calibrate a gauge with a full scale reading of 3500kN/m^2, the weight added must be
increased to get the maximum calibration of the gauge and provided that the scale reading was lesser,
then there will be a reduction in the amount of the weight added to it.

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Eastern Mediterranean University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

COURSE: MENG203 – Experimental Methods for Engineers

Semester: Fall (2014-2015)

Name of Experiment: Using a Pitot-Static Probes to Measure Velocity

Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Ozdenefe

Submitted By: Ibraheem Olugbade

Activity During Experiment &

Introduction & Methods 20 %

Data , Results & Graphs 40 %

Discussion & Conclusion 25 %

Neat and tidy report writing 5%

Total load including True Gauge Reading Gauge Error

kgf N kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2

0.50 4.9 14.7 1.00 2.00 13.7 12.7

1.00 9.8 29.5 21.00 22.00 8.5 7.8

5.00 49.1 147.3 124.00 140.00 23.3 7.3

7.00 68.7 206.2 188.00 200.00 18.2 6.2

9.50 93.2 279.9 270.00 270.00 9.9 9.9

Pressure Gauge Error

Questions for Further Discussion

3. What alterations would you make to the dimensions of the piston if it

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