Tutorial 22 - Frequency Analysis PDF

Tutorial Number 22: Natural
Frequency Extraction of a Bridge

Stefano Morlacchi
August 2015
Simuleon B.V.
Pettelaarpark 84 | 5216 PP‚ s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands | www.simuleon.com
Tel. Office +31(0)85-0498165 | Tel. Support +31(0)85-0498166
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1. Introduction
In this tutorial, you will perform a linear dynamic analysis to extract the natural
frequencies of a steel bridge.
When you complete this tutorial, you will be able to:

- Perform a linear dynamic analysis to extract the natural frequencies of a
structure.
- Post-process the results and animate its modes of deformation.
- Perform a natural frequency extraction on a stressed component.
Preliminaries
- The model is created using the SI units based on metres.
Figure 1: Consistent sets of units available in Abaqus.
2. Setting up the model

Open the Abaqus database file Tutorial 22.cae
This file contains the geometry of the bridge. The geometry is in metres so material
properties and loading conditions will be defined accordingly to the units defined in
the table above.
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3. Material and section properties
Enter the property module and define a new material model for Steel. Define also
two sections for the beam and the shell elements of the model, as follows.
1. Go into the Property Module and click the Create Material icon. In the Edit
Material dialog box, name the material Steel. From the material editor’s menu bar,
select Mechanical → Elasticity → Elastic and enter 2.1E11 Pa and 0.3 as Young
Modulus and Poisson coefficient, respectively. Select General → Density and
enter 8000 kg/m3 as material density. Select Mechanical → Plasticity → Plastic
and enter the yield stress values equal to 300E6 Pa at 0.0 plastic strain and 330E6
Pa at 0.3 plastic strain.
2. Double-click on Sections in the model tree. In the Create Section dialog box,
select Shell as category and Homogeneous as Type. Name the Section as Section-
SHELL. Enter 0.2 as shell thickness and choose Steel as the Material. Click OK.
3. Double-click on Profiles in the model tree. In the Create Profile dialog box, select
Circular as Shape. Name the Profile as Profile-CIRC and enter 0.2 as radius. Click
OK.
4. Double-click on Sections in the model tree. In the Create Section dialog box,
select Beam as category and Beam as Type. Name the Section as Section-BEAM.
Select Profile-CIRC as profile and Steel as the Material. Click OK.
5. From the Main menu bar, click on Assign → Beam Section Orientation and
select all the columns of the bridge. Enter (0.0, 0.0, -1.0) as approximate n1
direction and click OK to assign the beam element direction (Fig. 2).
6. Assign Section-BEAM to the columns and Section-SHELL to the road. If desired

click on View → Part display options and tick on both the Shell and Beam
idealization rendering options to view the full rendering in the viewport.
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4. Assembly and Step
1. Enter the assembly module. Click on Instances in the Model tree and create a
new instance for the part called Bridge.
2. Enter the step module and create a linear perturbation Frequency step called
Frequency Extraction. In the Create Step dialog box, select Linear Perturbation
and Frequency as procedure type and click Continue (Fig. 3). Enter 10 as number
of eigenvalues requested and 10000 as maximum frequency of interest (Fig. 3).
Figure 2. Beam Section Orientation Assignment.
Figure 3. Creation of the linear perturbation frequency step.
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5. Mesh
Enter the mesh module and mesh the part called Bridge. Select 1 as global
element size. Mesh the part and click Ok.
6. Boundary conditions
Enter the Load module. In the initial step, create an encastre boundary condition
using the set called Set-ENC1 already created at the part level which constrains
the base nodes of the bridge.
7. Job module
Enter the Job module and create a new Job called Frequency. Submit the job and
monitor the analysis.
8. Results
1. Plot the contour maps of the displacements U on the deformed shape. At each
frame Abaqus shows in the viewport the natural frequency of the nth eigenvalue
requested and its mode of deformation.
2. In order to animate the mode shape, click on the icon Animate: Scale Factor,
shown in Fig.4.
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Figure 4. Results of natural frequency extraction.
9. Natural frequency analysis in a stressed component

Natural Frequency analyses can also be performed in stressed components in
order to take into account any nonlinear effect created by the previous loading
conditions. In this section, you will modify the previous model to introduce an initial
step where static loads are applied to the bridge. This step will then be followed by
a frequency analysis.
1. Copy the Model-Bridge to a new model called Model-Bridge-Stressed by right-

clicking on the model tree and selecting copy.
2. Enter the Step module of the new model and double click Steps in the model
tree. In the appearing Create Step dialog box, insert the new step after the initial
step and choose Static, General as procedure type. Name the step as Step-Load
(Fig.5). Click Continue, set the nlgeom parameter on, set the initial increment
equal to 0.1 in the incrementation tab and accept all the other default values. Click
Ok.
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3. Double click on the Encastre BC and edit the existing boundary condition by
choosing Set-ENC2 as region instead of Set-ENC1.
4. Create a new displacement boundary condition called BC-DISP. Select Step-

LOAD as Step, displacement as type and use the node set called Set-DISP as
region. Enter 0.1 as displacement in direction-3 and set 0 in all the other degrees
of freedom. Click OK.
5. In the step called Step-LOAD, create a new load called Load-Pressure. Select
Pressure as type and use the surface called Surf-LOAD already created at the
part level as region. Enter 100,000 Pa as pressure and click OK.
Figure 5. Creation of the new static general step.
5. Enter the Job module and create a new Job called Frequency-Stressed. Submit
the job and monitor the analysis.
6. Evaluate the results as discussed in the previous section. Compare the value of
the natural frequencies identified in the two cases. You can look at these values in
the viewport. They are also printed in the .dat file or saved in the History output
data called EIGENVALUE.
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Figure 6. Comparison of natural frequencies in the stressed and non stressed
configurations.
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Tutorial Number 22: Natural

Frequency Extraction of a Bridge

When you complete this tutorial, you will be able to:

- The model is created using the SI units based on metres.

Figure 1: Consistent sets of units available in Abaqus.

2. Setting up the model

6. Assign Section-BEAM to the columns and Section-SHELL to the road. If desired

Figure 2. Beam Section Orientation Assignment.

Figure 3. Creation of the linear perturbation frequency step.

9. Natural frequency analysis in a stressed component

1. Copy the Model-Bridge to a new model called Model-Bridge-Stressed by right-

4. Create a new displacement boundary condition called BC-DISP. Select Step-

Figure 5. Creation of the new static general step.

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