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Bessel Functions

The document discusses Bessel functions and provides Mathematica examples. It defines the Bessel function of the first kind, evaluates it numerically, and plots the first four cylindrical Bessel functions. It also discusses half-integer Bessels, zeros of Bessel functions, orthogonality, asymptotic forms, Bessel functions of the second kind, and spherical Bessel functions of the first kind. Plots and tables are included to illustrate various properties.

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111 views5 pages

Bessel Functions

The document discusses Bessel functions and provides Mathematica examples. It defines the Bessel function of the first kind, evaluates it numerically, and plots the first four cylindrical Bessel functions. It also discusses half-integer Bessels, zeros of Bessel functions, orthogonality, asymptotic forms, Bessel functions of the second kind, and spherical Bessel functions of the first kind. Plots and tables are included to illustrate various properties.

Uploaded by

şeyda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematica examples relevant to Bessel functions

The “original” Bessel function---that discussed extensively in Boas


Also called Bessel functions of the first kind, or cylindrical Bessel fcns
It is a built-in function in Mathematica.
In[807]:= BesselJ@0, xD
Out[807]= BesselJ@0, xD

Note that half-integer Bessels (spherical Bessels) can be given in terms of elementary functions.
In[808]:= [email protected], xD
0.7978845608028654 [email protected] - xD
Out[808]=
x

It can be evaluated numerically


8BesselJ@0, 3.2D, BesselJ@5, 3.2D, [email protected], 3.2D<
8- 0.320188, 0.056238, - 0.0260367<

Plot@8BesselJ@0, xD, BesselJ@1, xD, BesselJ@2, xD, BesselJ@3, xD<, 8x, 0, 10<,
PlotStyle Ø 88Thick, Red<, 8Thick, Green<, 8Thick, Blue<, 8Thick, Black<<,
LabelStyle Ø Medium, AxesLabel Ø 8x, J<,
PlotLabel Ø "First 4 Cylindrical Bessel functions"D
First 4 Cylindrical Bessel functions
J
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

x
2 4 6 8 10
-0.2

-0.4

Using “BesselJZero” to obtain the zeros of J_p


Note that the results agree with the zeroes in the plot
2 Bessel.nb

Table@8n, BesselJZero@0, nD, BesselJZero@1, nD, BesselJZero@2, nD, BesselJZero@3, nD<,


8n, 1, 4<D êê N êê TableForm
1. 2.40483 3.83171 5.13562 6.38016
2. 5.52008 7.01559 8.41724 9.76102
3. 8.65373 10.1735 11.6198 13.0152
4. 11.7915 13.3237 14.796 16.2235

Orthogonality
8alpha = BesselJZero@0, 1D, beta = BesselJZero@0, 2D< êê N
82.40483, 5.52008<

Plot@8BesselJ@0, alpha xD, BesselJ@0, beta xD<, 8x, 0, 1<, PlotStyle Ø ThickD
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.2

-0.4

Mathematic can work out symbolically (using recursion relations, etc.) that these two functions are
exactly orthogonal
Integrate@x BesselJ@0, alpha xD BesselJ@0, beta xD, 8x, 0, 1<D
0

Asymptotic form
Jasy@p_, x_D := Sqrt@2 ê HPi xLD Cos@x - H2 p + 1L Pi ê 4D

Asymptotic form only breaks down for x<1 for J_0


Bessel.nb 3

Plot@8BesselJ@0, xD, Jasy@0, xD<, 8x, .05, 30<,


PlotRange Ø 880, 30<, 8- 1, 1.4<<, PlotStyle Ø ThickD

1.0

0.5

0.0
5 10 15 20 25 30

-0.5

-1.0

Break down occurs at larger x for J_1


Plot@8BesselJ@1, xD, Jasy@1, xD<, 8x, 1, 30<,
PlotRange Ø 880, 30<, 8- .5, .6<<, PlotStyle Ø ThickD
0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
5 10 15 20 25 30

-0.2

-0.4

Another way of testing the asymptotic forms: take out the 1/SQRT[x] and shift the argument so the
cosines are in phase
Plot shows collapse to universal cosine.
testasy@p_, x_D := Sqrt@Pi x ê 2D BesselJ@p, x + H2 p + 1L Pi ê 4D
4 Bessel.nb

Plot@8testasy@0, xD, testasy@1, xD, testasy@2, xD, testasy@3, xD<, 8x, .5, 50<D
1.0

0.5

10 20 30 40 50

-0.5

-1.0

Bessel function of the second kind


Diverges at x=0
8BesselY@0, xD, [email protected], xD<
0.7978845608028654 [email protected] - xD
:BesselY@0, xD, - >
x

Plot@8BesselY@0, xD, BesselY@1, xD, BesselY@2, xD, BesselY@3, xD<, 8x, 0, 10<,
PlotStyle Ø 88Thick, Red<, 8Thick, Green<, 8Thick, Blue<, 8Thick, Black<<,
LabelStyle Ø Medium, AxesLabel Ø 8x, J<,
PlotLabel Ø "First 4 Bessel functions of 2nd kind"D
First 4 Bessel functions of 2nd kind
J
0.5

x
2 4 6 8 10

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5
Bessel.nb 5

Spherical Bessel of the first kind (j_n)


Plot@8SphericalBesselJ@0, xD, SphericalBesselJ@1, xD, SphericalBesselJ@2, xD,
SphericalBesselJ@3, xD<, 8x, 0, 20<, PlotRange Ø 880, 20<, 8- 0.3, 1<<,
PlotLabel Ø "First 4 spherical Bessels of first kind"D
First 4 spherical Bessels of first kind
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
5 10 15 20

-0.2

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