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Physics Project For Class XII

The document summarizes a physics investigatory project to determine the refractive indices of various liquids using a hollow prism. It includes the aim, apparatus required, theoretical background, experimental procedure, observations made for benzaldehyde, water and dilute sulfuric acid, conclusions comparing actual and experimental refractive index values, and precautions taken. The student Souptik Ghosh investigated this topic under the guidance of his physics teacher for his Class XII project.

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SHOUBHIKK
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105 views10 pages

Physics Project For Class XII

The document summarizes a physics investigatory project to determine the refractive indices of various liquids using a hollow prism. It includes the aim, apparatus required, theoretical background, experimental procedure, observations made for benzaldehyde, water and dilute sulfuric acid, conclusions comparing actual and experimental refractive index values, and precautions taken. The student Souptik Ghosh investigated this topic under the guidance of his physics teacher for his Class XII project.

Uploaded by

SHOUBHIKK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CENTRAL MODEL SCHOOL

23 River Side Road, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120


PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
2019-20

DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF


VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM

Guided by:

Submitted by:
SOUPTIK GHOSH
Class XII

1
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE

It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation


work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily done by SOUPTIK
GHOSH of Class XII, CENTRAL MODEL SCHOOL,
BARRACKPORE, regarding the project titled, “REFRACTIVE
INDICES OF VARIOUS MEDIUMS”

Signature of the Guide

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete


without mentioning the names of those persons who helped to
make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude in
few words and respect to all those who helped me in the
completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, Mr.Atul Kumar Verma for his
valuable support, constant help and guidance at each and every
stage, without which this project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal,
Mrs.Sharmila Rakshit, for her immense encouragement that has
made this project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us
the opportunity to undertake this project.

3
Project Overview

Aim

Apparatus Required

Theory

Procedure

Observations

Conclusions

Precautions

Bibliography

4
Aim

To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a


hollow prism

Apparatus Required

Hollow glass prism


Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
Bell pins
Drawing board

Theory
A prism is a transparent
Optical element
with flat, polished surfaces
that refract light. Prisms
can be made from any
material that is
transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A
prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral
colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid


Is given by the formula:

U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)

5
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction

Procedure
Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of
drawing pins.

Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ


and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight line.

Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the
4 pins appear to be in same line.

Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of


incidence.

6
Observation

Benzaldehyde

S.no a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of


prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

Water

S.no a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of


prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U =sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
=1.306

7

Dil. Sulphuric Acid

S.no a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of


prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351

8
Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504

Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306

Dil . Sulphuric acid


o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351

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Precautions
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and


incident ray.

10

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