EC2 BASE DATA FOR SIMPLE RC DESIGN FOR BEAMS AND SLABS MATERIALS Concrete characteristic compressive strength (fx) is described in its grade (e.g. C32/40) by the frst of ‘the two numbers (N/mm?) Concrete material factor HIS HANboUT mWST BE Reinforced conerete densy a ae UN MARKED Steel characteristic strength, fy. Stool material factor LOADING _ Partial Load factors Permanent Actions: | Variable Action’ | Variable Ration’ Dead loads Gy, Live load Q, | Wind Load 26 30 10. Favourable 1.0 o 0 Unfavourabie 1.35, 1s 1s When used together, these should be multiplied by 0.9 Critical Combination of Partial Load Factors for stabs, beams and colurmns carrying gravity loads: Dead Imposed ‘Wind 1.35, 15. 0 Live Loading (0) “Table of selected imposed loads for buildings (from draft UK NA to EC1) ‘category | Example use fei) [OR [aT ses win sal conan Beng Ue $s 2 ‘22 ——[Besroons nd dois ~ 1 20 3 Bestoons in ots ans miss espa wari nd ios | 20 20. | 5 ——[ anism singlet ting ants 25 20 ‘a7 [Batons its ana mle ‘4mm [20atauR _| cae i [otis genera a a 5 Rasembi areas whoo Ted satng, area Tas, bas, | 50 36 glces of wtp me Diz | Stoppng as a a E12 [ener sage 2apermnt | 70 E17 [Denes mobie talaga warenonaae ‘aapermn 70 | e180), F [cies ii wig = 50 25 700 COVER FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE (4) Durabitty Nominal cover = Gnnae + Steer = Gana + 10mm Q)Fire Retr tothe Fire diagrams and tables (@) Bona For single bars, the minimum cove wth regard to bond cnaa = $ bar diameter (rm) For bundled bars, the minimum cover wih regard to bond Gans ~ equivalent bar darter (rm) Equivalent bar camater és = 6 Jn, = S&mm (where ny = numberof bundled bars) Nominal cover = Cning + ACawy = Cony +410ram (4) Shuttering Conerete cast against prepared ground (including blinding): Nominal cover Concrete cast directly against soi! 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Calculate the maximum uitimate bending moment (M) inthe slab or beam Fora simply supported element carrying a UDL: Fora simply supported element carying a point load: me 28! eNm 4 2, To avoid the use of compression reinforcement, ensure that the applied moment (M)is less than the limiting moment of resistance (M,) IM. ki fb &? kN kim is obtained from Figure 6.5 and depends on the amount of redistribution cared out in the ‘analysis. For simply supported elements, no redistribution is carried out, therefore kim = 0.168 3. Calculate the factor (k) and hence the lever arm (2) from Figure 5.5. Restrict the value of z to < 0.984 ke Bah 4, Calculate the area of tension steel required (A,) to support the applied moment: Mt oar fe 5. Check the minimum and maximum areas of steel for the section, together with the maximum bar size or spacing. 6. Finally, use the sectional areas tables to choose a bar size and spacing. State the area of stee! to be provided (Aso) 88 for example H16 - 200mm centres (1005 mm#/m width) or SH16 (1005 mm) ‘Ste tego slab out BE BADE OATAOR OMPLE RC CEaION TOE ne Poon 18 uFigure 8.5 Values of lever arm and neutral axis depth 2 sy'o= 0 wus mppE ‘au yen 'z spozeing 04 xeuuy EUONEN >in e\R U S9Iru UONNquIsIpar e4p Buten pexedard uedeg sey eIndy Om, wets woz %S2 «OE vo ero sto 000 rro elo 20 bro ovo 600 g00 400 900 ‘onnaqusipes uewoWw % ‘snouen 20} yeu Jo yr] S07 00 G00 ZO 100 SION 00 oro so ozo zo oo sco ovo sro oso —— 080 zo v0 eo 90 060 260 60 960 260) vo 910 sro to eo 20 WO vo 00 800 200 200 so 00 co 200 100 oot ist env and exicouneit Eninnets Tene encng enue? Sri Teaching Nos sete Sipe at Soca 62 ease DATAPOR SUPLE RE DESION TO ECE“ 5 of Groups of Bars (mm*) Number et ars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ls rr | 8 5010116121251 90235202 0 19 187238 314503755028 2 113 mm masz] OS OH 6 201402603 804 1005 1208 OT 1608 10 20 314 6280421257 15711885 2190251320 25 4919821473 1963 2454 2045 3496 02a 2 ee 16082413 S247 angi 42s eNO 40 |_4257 261337705027 628575408705 10053131 ‘Sectional Areas por metre width for various bar sizes and spacing (mm"/m) Bar Size ‘Spacing of Bas im) ‘nm) 75100 125150175 200250500380 6 a 8 7 © s03 ama 305287512 so | 147 705 628 sak D034 rz] woe 1191905754 ue 5658277 16 | zee zor! 1008 13401149 1005 aod 070 20 | 41a 31422513 2004 1705 1571 1257 1047 08 25 | 6545 «909 027 3272 2605 2454 1953 1636 1409 so | 1072s naz case sea 4506 4001217 zat 2209 40 | 10755 12508 100536376 _T161_ 6283 __soz7_ 4189, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT STEEL 4 ‘The area of reinforcement should not be less than 0.00014f.:™"bh or 0.0015bh Where: his the overall depth ofthe slab (taken as d0.87) bis the width for which reinforcement is calculated ‘The main bars should not be less than 10mm diameter 4.2 Minimum Reinforcement for beams ‘The area of reinforcement should not be less than 0.00016f.,™bid or 0.0013 bud Where: by is the mean width ofthe tension zone, ‘The main bars should not be less than 16mm diameter Where the overall depth of te beam is over 750mm, 16mm diameter bars should be placed along the sides, below any flange, at a maximum pitch of 250mm, 2. Maximum Reinforcement (Outside lap locations, netther the area of the tension reinforoement nor the area of the compression reinforcement should exceed 0.044. ‘3. Minimum Spacing between Bars ‘The minimum spacing between bars should be the greater of: ‘+ Aggregate size (normally 20mm) plus 5mm ie. 25mm + Maximum bar size + 20mm in any case Lou wand ey czaat Enna engages ‘Soran rated baa Se GE DATA POR SMILE RC DESON TOE« MAXIMUM BAR SIZE OR SPACING TO LIMIT CRACK WIDTHS In order to contol flexural cracking the maximum bar spacing or diameter should not exceed the values given in Table 5. Table of recommended valves of y factors for buildings (simiar to Table 3.4) ‘tion a Imposed loads on buildings Catogory A: domestic resi tial areas o7 | 0s [os 07 [05 [03 07 [07 [06 ‘Category D: shopping areas. o7 | 07, ‘Category E: storage areas: 10 08 ‘Category F: traffic areas (vehicle weight <30KN) o7_[-05, ‘Category G: traffic areas (30kN > vehicle weight <160KN) |_07 | 0.6 ‘Catagory H: roof areas: orto ‘Snow loads on buildings ‘Site altitude >1000m above sea level o7 [05 ‘Site altitude <1000m above sea level 05 | 02, Wind loads on buildings 05 | 02, “Temporature loads (not fire) on buildings 068 [05 [Table 5. Alemative requkrerents fo contol crack widihs to OSmam for members [feorced wh high bond bar ‘Maximum bar | Maximum bar | Stress range | diameter (mem) | Se##renge (MPa) spacing (mm) (MPa) [eee “300 = 140 2 - igo 180 25 190-210 160-200 [eeeeao 210= 250 200-220 | 16 | 280-20 720-240 280 - 290, [240 = 260 290 - 220, 260-280 | 320-360 250-300 00 = 20 a= Ud 310-840 he stress in the reinforcement may be estimated trom the relationship: o=(Z)f Roe Secs (2) rel TSE TSS | Aes Where: 4 should be obtained from Table 3.4 for the particular type of loading considered. may be taken ot 435 for $00MPa reinforcement. | | | | | 4 | considered for the uitimate limit state. | bug fethe req of tension reinforcement required at the section Avgux tothe erea of reinforcement actually provides. 3s the ratio of the redistributed ultimate moment to the elastic Utimate moment atthe section considered ( Vein then the shear reinforcement should be calculated. The first step is to ‘caleulate the full shear force at the end of the bear. = (12 x Ww) kN oo. and couse nent Teaching rt Soe2 53 Tseng Nae T1008 ‘Ss elotundv ete Deas AE OATA FOR SHALE RC DESIGN TO ECE De“The next step is to calculate the angle 8, of strut based on Vena @ = 08sin*| 256*Vita bxa{1—Je\p, 250, 4.if cote <1 shear is excessive so resize beam, increase fz: or reduce shear loading Wf cote at calculate the shear force (Vex) ata distance 2 cot 6 from the face ofthe ‘support (adopt a maximum value of cot 9 = 2.5) Vee =R-[(T/2 + z cot) x w] kN 5. The shear capacity of the beam could be controlled by the steel shear reinforcement Vacny = Aa 2 fps C0181 erty cot i: - Lap, sin View 018¢0(1-Le)j.8n28 ooh dul bec 16. The spacing of inks inthe direction of span should not exceed 0.75d. At right-angles to the span the horizontal spacing should be such that no longitudinal tension bar is more than 150mm from a tension log ofa link; this spacing should in any case not exceed 4 7. Finally, use the sectional areas tables to choose a bar size and spacing, State the area of steel to be provided (Age) 8 for example 2 legs H10 ~ 300mm centres. ‘edge support edge support Fig 5.15 Variable strut inclination method at rr Con nets Tee anig aut Sencs263 Tench NsesLTIONC ON Hanoi aS aaah late e ease DMTAPOR SPE Ne EES TOECEase Pig teott‘SPAN / EFFECTIVE DEPTH RATIO FOR SLABS Table §.8 Span/effective depth ratios for slabs location yi | ABS 5% Aus 6 9,3 Aes cose the values should be muttisied by 08. © For spons exceeding 7m, other than for flat slabs, supporting paritions liable to bbe damaged by excessive deflections, the value should be mulipied by | Tispan fin metres |a The above assumes fy = SOOMPa. Itother values of fy ore used then multiply | the above by $00/f,. | v/s calculated at the location of meximum span moment. The values | | Simply supported “4 2» | End span 18 | 2 | tnteror span a ‘Fiat slab 7 2 |[Contiever ‘ 3 [Notes a Values may be interpolated. |» For flanged sections where the rato of the flange to the rb width exceeds 3, | | given in the Table may be increased by the ratio of Aggro /sg {For flat slabs, supporting brittle partitions, where the greater span exceeds 8.5m, bbe multiplied by 8 ‘Sing erin es nd oat SE BADE DATA FOR SMILE RC CESION TO ECE ee ‘Boge Hort?12 ‘SPAN / EFFECTIVE DEPTH RATIO FOR BEAMS [Table 5.19 span,ete | Location | a | Simply supported beam ia |End span of conlinvous beam | _18 [Interior spon Cantilever | Notes Values may be interpolated, For flanged sections where the ratio of the flange width to the ri width exceeds 3, he values should be mulfipied by 0.8. For spans exceeding 7m supporting partitions liable to be damaged by excessive deflections, he value should be multiplied by 7/span {in metres} The above assumes fx = S0OMPa. IF other values of fy, ate used then mutiply the | ‘above by 500//,. | €_A,/bd 's calculated at the location of maximum span moment. | le | | ‘CURTAILMENT, ANCHORAGE, LAPS AND DISTRIBUTION STEEL 41, Curtaliment (A) 50% ofthe bars can be stopped short of the support ata certain cistance from the centre line of the supporting wall (Le. within 0.08 x span) (8) The bars extending onto the wall need to extend a minimum of 12 x 4 (bar diameter) beyond the Cente line ofthe wall support 124 0.08 x span. bearing on wall support (not to scale) 2. Anchorage and Laps [As a rule of thumb, anchorage and lap lengths typically are around 40 x4 3, Distribution Steel in Slabs Use either minimum ceinforcement [usually around 0.15% but already determined earlier in the design calculations] or minimum of 20% of main bars La yn ae a Enea Techie soe Suet 2 Tenn Nee BLT COSC