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Diff Relay Calculation

1. The RET670/RED670 transformer differential protection algorithm uses three types of compensation on differential currents: magnitude compensation, vector group compensation, and zero sequence subtraction. 2. Magnitude compensation accounts for differences in voltage ratios. Vector group compensation accounts for phase shifts between windings. Zero sequence subtraction eliminates zero sequence currents present on one winding but not the other. 3. Combining these compensations results in matrices used to calculate the differential currents and bias, ensuring accurate protection for the transformer.

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405 views6 pages

Diff Relay Calculation

1. The RET670/RED670 transformer differential protection algorithm uses three types of compensation on differential currents: magnitude compensation, vector group compensation, and zero sequence subtraction. 2. Magnitude compensation accounts for differences in voltage ratios. Vector group compensation accounts for phase shifts between windings. Zero sequence subtraction eliminates zero sequence currents present on one winding but not the other. 3. Combining these compensations results in matrices used to calculate the differential currents and bias, ensuring accurate protection for the transformer.

Uploaded by

engineer marudher
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RET670/RED670 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM

For ABB RET670/RED670, transformer differential function mainly uses three types of
compensation before calculating differential currents This document describes the purpose of doing
these compensation with an example.

TRANSFORMER SPECIFICATIONS

POWER 40 MVA
VOLTAGE RATIO 132/11kV
HV VOLTAGE UW1 132kV
LV VOLTAGE UW2 11kV
FLC 175/2099A
VECTOR GROUP Dyn1
HV CTR 400/1
LV CTR 2500/1

DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
Id = IW1 ∟0° + IW2 ∟180° (Current entering is +ve and leaving is –ve)
NOTE: All currents are in vector form.

1. MAGNITUDE COMPENSATION
Assuming Vector rotation is 0°
IW1 = 175 ∟0°A
IW2 = 2099 ∟180°A
Id = IW1 ∟0° + IW2 ∟180°
Id = 175 ∟0° + 2099 ∟180° = 1924 ∟180° ≠ 0
Therefore, we need to provide magnitude
compensation
Id = IW1 ∟0° + (UW2/UW1)*IW2 ∟180°
Id = 175 ∟0° + (11/132)*2099 ∟180°
Id = 175 ∟0° + 175 ∟180° = 0

2. VECTOR GROUP COMPENSATION


VECTOR GROUP = Dyn1 (LV lagging HV by 30°)
Assuming magnitude compensation is already done
IW1 = 175 ∟0°A
IW2 = 175 ∟ (180°-30°) = 175 ∟150°
Id = IW1 ∟0° + IW2 ∟150°
Id = 175 ∟0° + 175 ∟150°
Id = 90.59 ∟75° ≠ 0
Therefore, we need to provide correction factor to compensate
for vector rotation
(Example Dyn1  1*30°, YNd11  11*30° = 330° = -30°)
Id = IW1 ∟0° + IW2 ∟150° *1 ∟30°
Id = 175 ∟0° + 175 ∟150°*1 ∟30°
Id = 175 ∟0° + 175 ∟180° = 0
RET670/RED670 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM

3. ZERO SEQUENCE SUBSTRACTION


Assuming magnitude and vector group compensation is already done
IW1 = IW1PS + IW1NS + IW1ZS
IW2 = IW2PS + IW2NS + IW2ZS
Id = IW1 + IW2
Id = (IW1PS + IW1NS + IW1ZS) + (IW2PS + IW2NS + IW2ZS)
From symmetrical component theory of transformer, we know that
IW1PS = IW2PS
IW1NS = IW2NS
IW1ZS = IW2ZS
BUT, where delta winding (W1) is present, zero sequence current cannot flow therefore it is
absent from that winding (W1)
IW1ZS = 0
IW2ZS ≠ 0

Therefore,
Id = IW2ZS ≠ 0
We need to subtract zero sequence component from star winding.
Id = (IW1 + IW2) – IW2ZS
Id = (IW1PS + IW1NS) + (IW2PS + IW2NS + IW2ZS) – IW2ZS
Id = IW2ZS – IW2ZS = 0
RET670/RED670 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM

Combining all three compensation for a three phase transformer we get differential
currents and bias current as

Where,
1 ≡ Differential Currents (fundamental frequency)
2 ≡ Differential current contribution from W1 side (fundamental frequency)
3 ≡ Differential current contribution from W2 side (fundamental frequency)
Values of the matrix A & B coefficients (pre- programmed coefficient matrices) depend on:
1. Power transformer winding connection type, such as star WYE (Y/y) or delta (D/d)
2. Transformer vector group such as YNd1, Dyn11 and so on, which introduce phase displacement
between individual windings currents in multiples of 30°.
3. Settings for elimination of zero sequence currents for individual windings
RET670/RED670 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM
RET670/RED670 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM
RET670/RED670 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM

TRANSFORMER SPECIFICATIONS

POWER 40 MVA
VOLTAGE RATIO 132/11kV
HV VOLTAGE UW1 132kV
LV VOLTAGE UW2 11kV
FLC 175/2099A
VECTOR GROUP Dyn1
HV CTR 400/1
LV CTR 2500/1

As per our example, LV side is wye winding, therefore we chose matrix B (with zero sequence reduction
on for wye connection) as reference from table in previous pages. Similarly, for HV side winding, we
chose matrix A with 30 degrees leading (HV leading LV by one hour or 30 degrees).
NOTE: If HV side is wye or both HV & LV side are delta then matrix A will be the reference matrix.

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