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Response Spectrum

Response-spectrum analysis is a linear-dynamic statistical analysis method that measures the contribution from each natural mode of vibration to indicate the likely maximum seismic response of an essentially elastic structure. It provides insight into dynamic behavior by measuring pseudo-spectral acceleration, velocity, or displacement as a function of structural period for a given time history and level of damping. Response-spectrum analysis is useful for design decision-making because it relates structural type-selection to dynamic performance.

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246 views12 pages

Response Spectrum

Response-spectrum analysis is a linear-dynamic statistical analysis method that measures the contribution from each natural mode of vibration to indicate the likely maximum seismic response of an essentially elastic structure. It provides insight into dynamic behavior by measuring pseudo-spectral acceleration, velocity, or displacement as a function of structural period for a given time history and level of damping. Response-spectrum analysis is useful for design decision-making because it relates structural type-selection to dynamic performance.

Uploaded by

Mary Cristel de Leon
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Response-Spectrum Analysis

 Response-spectrum analysis (RSA) is a linear-dynamic statistical analysis method, which


measures the contribution from each natural mode of vibration to indicate the likely maximum
seismic response of an essentially elastic structure.
 Response-spectrum analysis provides insight into dynamic behavior by measuring pseudo-
spectral acceleration, velocity, or displacement as a function of structural period for a given
time history and level of damping.
 It is practical to envelope response spectra such that a smooth curve represents the peak
response for each realization of structural period.
 Response-spectrum analysis is useful for design decision-making because it relates structural
type-selection to dynamic performance.
 Structures of shorter period experience greater acceleration, whereas those of longer period
experience greater displacement.
 Structural performance objectives should be taken into account during preliminary design and
response-spectrum analysis

Origin of the Response Spectrum Method

 In 1971, with the occurrence of the San Fernando, California, earthquake, the modern era of
RSM was launched.
 This earthquake was recorded by 241 accelerographs, and by combining these data with all
previous strong-motion records it became possible to perform the first comprehensive
empirical scaling analyses of response spectral amplitudes.
 The spectra are plotted for the three damping ratios i.e. ξ=0.02, 0.05 and 0.1. The displacement,
velocity and acceleration spectra are shown in the Figures 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, respectively.
 Comparison of the real and pseudo spectra for velocity and acceleration response is shown in
the Figure 4.5. As expected, there is no difference between real and pseudo absolute
acceleration response spectra. However, the velocity response spectra may have some
difference.
Derivation of Response Spectrum

 Response spectra are curves plotted between maximum response of SDOF system subjected
to specified earthquake ground motion and its time period (or frequency).
 Response spectrum can be interpreted as the locus of maximum response of a SDOF system
for given damping ratio.
 Response spectra thus helps in obtaining the peak structural responses under linear range,
which can be used for obtaining lateral forces developed in structure due to earthquake thus
facilitates in earthquake-resistant design of structures.
The three spectra i.e. displacement, pseudo velocity and pseudo acceleration provide the same
information on the structural response. However, each one of them provides a physically
meaningful quantity (refer equations (4.11) and (4.12)) and therefore, all three spectra are useful
in understanding the nature of an earthquake and its influence on the design. A combined plot
showing all three of the spectral quantities is possible because of the relationship that exists
between these three quantities. Taking the log of equations (4.8) and (4.9)

From the Equations (4.16) and (4.17), it is clear that a plot on logarithmic scale with logS pv as
ordinate and logω0 as abscissa, the two equations are straight lines with slopes +45º and -45º for
constant values of logSd and logSpa, respectively.

Factor Influencing Response Spectra

The response spectral values depends upon the following parameters,

 Energy release mechanism


 Epicentral distance
 Focal depth
 Soil condition
 Richter magnitude
 Damping in the system
 Time period of the system
Numerical Examples

Example 1. Consider a SDOF system with mass, m = 2 × 103 kg, stiffness, k = 60 kN/m and
damping, c = 0.44 kN.sec/m. Using the response spectra of El-Centro, 1940 earthquake, compute
(a) Maximum relative displacement, (b) Maximum base shear and (c) Maximum strain energy.
Example 2.

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