Profit & Loss Exercise Questions

with Answer Key

8. Coconuts were purchased at ` per hundred and
EXERCISE
sold at ` 2 per coconut. If 2000 coconuts were
sold, what was the total profit made?
1. If the manufacture gains 10%, the wholesale
dealer 15% and the retailer 25%, then find the (a) `500 (b) `1000
cost of production of a table, the retail price of (c) `1500 (d) `2000
which is `1265? 9. A shopkeeper is price is 50% above the cost
price. If he allows his customer a discount
(a) `800 (b) `1000
30% what profit dose he make?
(c) `900 (d) `600 (a) 5% (b) 10%
2. The price of a jewel, passing through three (c)15% (d) 20%
hands, rises on the whole by 65%. If the first 10. A shopkeeper purchases 10kg of rice at `600
and the second sellers earned 20% and 25%
and sells at a loss as much the selling price of
profit respectively, find the percentage profit
2kg of rice. Find the sale rate of rice/kg.
earned by the third seller.
(a) 20% (b) 10% (a) `60 per kg (b) `50 per kg
(c) 25% (d) No gain or loss (c) ` 80 per kg (d) ` 70 per kg
3. A man sold his book for ` 891, thereby gaining 11. A businessman allows a discount of 10% on
1 the written price. How much above the cost
10
of its cost price. Find his cost price. (a) `
price must he mark his goods to make a profit
850 (b) `810 of 17%?
(a) 30% (b) 20%
(c) ` 851 (d) `840
(c) 27% (d) 18%
4. A trader wants 10% profit on the selling price
12. A man sold an article at a loss of 20%. If he
of a product whereas his expenses amount to
15% on sales. What should be his rate of mark sells the article for `12 more, he would have
up on an article costing `9? gained 10%. The cost price of the article is

(a) 20%
2
(b) 663% (a) `60 (b) `40

(c) 30% (d)

100
% (c) `30 (d) `22
3
5. If 11 lichchus are bought for 10 paise and 10 13. A milk man makes a profit of 20% on the sale
lichchus are sold for 11 paise, the gain % is of milk. If he were to add 10% water to the
(a) 10% (b) 11% milk, by what % would his profit increase?
40
(c) 20% (d) 21% (a) 30 (b) 3
6. A man sold 10 eggs for 5 rupees and gained (c) 22 (d) 10
20%. How many eggs did he buy for 5 rupees?
14. A grocer purchased 80 kg of sugar at `13.50
(a) 10eggs (b) 12 eggs
(c) 14 eggs (d) 16 eggs per kg and mixed it with 120 kg sugar at `16
7. A person sells 36 oranges per rupee and per kg. At what rate should he sell the mixture
suffers a loss of 4%. Find how many oranges to gain 16%?
per rupee to be sold to have a gain of 8%?
(a) `17 per kg (b) `17.40 kg
(a) 30 (b) 31
(c) 32 (d) 33 (c) `16.5 kg (d) `16 per kg

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
15. A dishonest fruit seller professes to sell his Then he neither gains nor loss. Find the cost
goods at the cost price but weights 800 grams price of each watch.
for a kg weight. Find his gain percent. (a) `224, `300 (b) `200, `300
(a) 100% (b) 150%
(c) 50% (d) 200% (c) `224, `336 (d) `200, `336
16. A shopkeeper purchased 150 identical pieces 22. A man bought a horse and a carriage for `
of calculators at the rate of `250 each. He 3000. He sold the horse at a gain of 20% and
spent an amount of `2500 on transport and the carriage at a loss 10%, thereby gaining 2%
on the whole. Find the cost of the horse.
packing. He fixed the labelled price of each
(a) `1000 (b) `1200
calculator at `320. However, he decided to
give a discount of 5% on the labelled price. (c) `1500 (d) `1700
What is the percentage profit earned by him? 23. Two electronic musical instruments were
(a) 14% (b) 15% purchased for `8000. The first was sold at a
(c) 16% (d) 20%
profit of 40% and the second at loss of 40%, If
17. A dishonest dealer sells his goods at the cost
the sale price was the same in both the cases,
price but still earns a profit of 25% by
what was the cost price of two electronic
underweighing. What weight does he use for a
musical instruments?
kg?
(a) 750g (b) 800g (a) `2000, `5000 (b) `2200, `5500
(c) 825g (d) 850g (c) `2400, `5000 (d) `2400, `5600
18. A shopkeeper marks up his goods to gain
24. A man sells an article at a gain 15%. If he had
35%. But he allows 10% discount for cash
payment. His profit on the cash transaction bought it at 10% less and sold it for ` 4 less, he
therefore, in percentage, is would have gained 25%. Find the cost price of
1
(a) 132 (b) 25 the article.
1
(c) 212 (d) 31 2
1 (a) `150 (b) `160

19. A man sold two steel chairs for `500 each. On (c) `170 (d) `180

one he gains 20% and on other, he loses 12%. 25. A businessman, while selling 20 articles, loses
How much does he gain or lose in the whole the cost price of 5 articles. Had he purchased
transaction? the 20 articles for 25% less and sold them for
1
(a) 1.5% gain (b) 2% gain 333% more than the original selling price,
(c) 1.55% gain (d) 2% loss what is his gain?
20. A firm of readymade garments makes both (a) 5% (b) 75%
men’s and women’s shirts. Its average profit is 1
(c) 333% (d) 45%
6% of the sales. Its profit in men’s shirts
26. Five kg of butter was bought by a shopkeeper
average 8% of the sales and women’s shirts
comprise 60% of the output. The average for ` 300. One kg becomes unsalable. He sells
profit per sale rupee in women shirts is the remaining in such a way that on the whole
(a) 0.0466 (b) 0.0666 he incurs a loss of 10%. At what price per kg
(c) 0.0166 (d) None of these was the butter sold?
21. A man purchases two watches at ` 560. He (a) `67.50 (b) `52.50
sells one at 15% profit and other at 10% loss. (c) `60 (d) `72.50
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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
27. A manufacturer sells a pair of glasses to a profit. Find the marked price of an item which
wholesale dealer at a profit of 18%. The costs him `90:
wholesaler sells the same to a retailer at a 11 3
profit of 20%. The retailer in turn sells them to (a) ` 135 (b) ` 105
13 21

a customer for `30.09, thereby earning a profit

1 1
(c) ` 12717 (d) ` 9521
of 25%. The cost price for the manufacturer is 34. A trader wants 10% profit on the selling price
(a) `15 (b) `16 of a product whereas his expense amount to
15% on sales. What should be his rate of mark
(c) `17 (d) `18
up on an article costing `9?
28. By selling 66 metres of cloth a person gains
2
the cost price of 22 metres. Find the gain per (a) 20% (b) 66 %
3
cent. 100
(c) 30% (d) 3
%
1
(a) 22% (b) 22 % 35. A wholesaler sells 30 pens at the price of 27
2
1
(c) 33% (d) 33 3% pens to a retailer. The retailer sells the pens at
their market price. The profit for the retailer is
29. A dairy man pays `6.40 per litres of milk. He (a) 11% (b) 10%
1 1
adds water and sells the mixture at ` 8 per (c) 119% (d) 911 %
litres, there by making 37.5% profit. The 36. A discount of 16% on the marked price of a
proportion of water to milk received by the book enables a man to buy a pen which costs `
customer is:
80. How much did he pay for the book?
(a) 1:10 (b) 1:12
(c) 1:15 (d) 1:20 (a) `420 (b) `450
30. A single discount equal to a discount series of (c) `480 (d) `495
10% and 20% is
37. A shopkeeper fixes the marked price of an
(a) 25% (b) 28%
item 20% above the cost price. He allows his
(c) 30% (d) 35%
customers a discount and makes a profit of
31. The list price of a watch is `160. A retailer 8%. Find the rate of discount.
bought the same watch `122.40. He got two (a) 8% (b) 9%
(c) 10% (d) 11%
successive discounts one at 10% and the other
at a rate which was not legible. What is the 38. A chair originally costs `50. It was offered for
second discount rate? sales at 108% of its cost. After a week, the
(a) 12% (b) 14% price was 10% discounted and was sold. Find
(c) 15% (d) 18% the sale price.
32. Instead of a meter scale cloth merchant uses a (a) `46.80 (b) `48.60
120 cm scale while buying but use an 80 cm
scale while selling the same cloth. If he offers (c) `50 (d) `52.40
a discount of 20 per cent of cash payment, 39. By selling an umbrella for `30, a merchant
what is his overall per cent profit?
gains 20%. During a clearance sale, the
(a) 20% (b) 25%
merchant allows a discount of 10% off the
(c) 40% (d) 15%
marked price (the price at which he used to
33. A trader marks his good at such a price that he
sell). Find his again per cent.
can deduct 15% for cash and yet make 20%
(a) 6% (b) 7%
(c) 8% (d) 9%
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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
40. By what % must the cost of goods be marked (c) `528 (d) `532
up so that even after a discount of 20% the
same amount is realised as before the 46. A shopkeeper buys 50 dozen eggs at `4 per
discount? dozen. Out of them, 40 eggs were found
(a) 20 (b) 25 broken. At what rate should he sell the
(c) 40 (d) 10 remaining eggs per dozen so as to gain 5% on
41. Goods are sold so that when a discount of 4 the whole?
percent is given on the sale price, a profit of (a) `4 (b) `4.25
20 percent is made. How much percent, is the
sale price higher than the cost price? (c) `4.50 (d) `5.25
(a) 20% (b) 24% 1
47. A person sells his table at a profit of 122% and
(c) 25% (d) 27%
the other had if he sells the table at a loss of
42. A man sells his car for ` 5000 and loses
8 % but on the whole he gains `25. On the
1
3
something. Had he sold it for `5600, his gain 1
other hand if he sells the table at a loss of 8 3%
would have been double the former loss. Find 1
the cost price. and the chair at a profit of 12 % then he
2
neither gains nor loses. Find the cost price of
(a) `5500 (b) `5100
the table.
(c) `5400 (d) `5200
(a) `120 (b) `360
43. A manufacturer sells goods to an agent at a
profit of 20%. The agent’s wholesale price to a (c) `240 (d) `230
shopkeeper is at a profit of 10% and the 48. Kabir buys an article with 25% discount on its
shopkeeper retails his goods at a profit of marked price. He makes a profit of 10% by
12%. Find the retailer’s price of an article selling it at `660. The marked price is
which had cost the manufacturer `25
(a) `600 (b) `685
(a) `37 (b) `40
(c) `700 (d) `800
(c) `44 (d) `46
49. On the eve of Gandhi Jayanti, Gandhi Ashram
declared a 25% discount on silk. If selling
44. A business man sells goods to an agent at a
profit of 20%. The agent’s wholesale price to a price of a silk saree is `525, what is its marked
shopkeeper is at a profit of 10% and the price?
shopkeeper retails his goods at a profit of (a) `700 (b) `725
12%. Find the retailer’s price of an article
which had cost the manufacturer `25. (c) `750 (d) `775
50. A shopkeeper marks an article at a price which
(a) `2450 (b) `2225
gives a profit of 25%. After allowing certain
(c) `2000 (d) `1880 discount, the profit reduces to 122%. The
1

45. A sells an article which costs him `400 to B at discount percent is

a profit, of 20%. B then sells it to C, making a (a) 12% (b) 12.5%
profit of 10% on the price he paid to A. How (c) 10% (d) 20%
1
much does C pay to B. 51. ACD was sold at a profit of 12 2%. If it had
(a) `472 (b) `476 been sold at a profit of 15%, it would have

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key

gained him `10 more. the cost prices of CD is 58. A retailer buys a sewing machine at a discount
of 15% and sells it for `1955. Thus he makes a
(in`)
profit of 15%. The discount is
(a) 450 (b) 500
(c) 400 (d) 550 (a) `270 (b) `290
52. A trader has a weighing balance that shows, 1, (c) `300 (d) `310
200 gm for a kilogram. He further marks up
his cost by 10%. Then the net profit 59. A tea-merchant professes to sell tea at cost
percentage is price but uses a false weight of 900 gram for a
(a) 32% (b) 23% kilogram. The profit percent in his transaction
(c) 31.75% (d) 23.5% is
1
53. A shopkeeper allows 10% discount on goods (a) 119% (b) 10%
when he sells without credit. Cost price of his 1
(c) 9 % (d) 15%
11
goods is 80%of his selling price. If he sell his
60. Mahesh earned a profit of 20% by selling 60
goods by cash, then his profit is
apples at the rate of 42.50 for 5 apples. Then
(a) 50% (b) 70%
the total cost, at which the apples were bought
(c) 25% (d) 40%
is
54. A dealer of scientific instruments allows 20%
discount on the marked price of the (a) `452 (b) `425
instruments and still makes a profit of 25%. If
(c) `450 (d) `485
his gain over the sale of an instrument is `150,
find the marked price of the instrument. ANSWER KEY
(a) `938.50 (b) `940
1 (a) 31 (c)
(c) `938 (d) `937.50
2 (b) 32 (a)
55. Ram bought a T.V. with 20% discount on the
labelled price. Had he bought it with 30% 3 (d) 33 (c)
discount he would have saved `800. The value (d)
4 (d) 34
of the T.V. set that he bought is
(c)
(a) `5,000 (b) `8,000 5 (d) 35
(a)
(c) `9,000 (d) `10,000 6 (b) 36
56. A sold an article to B at 20% profit and B sold 7 (c) 37 (c)
it to C at 15% loss. If A Sold it to C at selling
price of B, then A would make. 8 (b) 38 (b)
(a) 5% profit (b) 2% profit
9 (a) 39 (c)
(c) 2% profit (d) 5% loss
57. A trader ho marks his goods up to 50% offered (b)
10 (b) 40
a discount of 20%. What % profit the trader
makes after offering the payment? 11 (a) 41 (c)
(a) 30% (b) 70%
12 (b) 42 (d)
(c) 20% (d) 50%

13 (b) 43 (a)

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key

(b) 44 (c) Then, (100+x) % of 125% of 120% of P =

14
165% of P
15 (a) 45 (c) 100 +𝑥 125 120 165
⇒ 100
× 100 × 100 × 𝑃 = 100
×𝑃
(c) 165×100 ×100
16 (a) 46 ⇒ 100 + 𝑥 = 125 ×120
= 110⇒x
(b) =10%
17 (b) 47
3. (b) Let C.P. = `x then profit = S.P. –C.P.
18 (c) 48 (d)
1 11𝑥
⇒ 10 × 𝑥 = 891 − 𝑥 ⇒ 10
= 891
19 (a) 49 (a)
=`810
891×10
⇒𝑥=
11
(a) 50 (c)
20 4. (d) Let the Sp of the article be `x
(c)
21 (c) 51 Expenses = 15% of x =`0.15x
(a)
22 (b) 52 Profit = 10% of x =`0.10x
(c)
23 (d) 53 CP =`9 (given)

24 (b) 54 (a) Therefore, 9+0.15x +0.1x = x ⇒ x=12

12−9
∴% increase for marked price = × 100
25 (c) 55 (b) 9
100
= %
3
26 (a) 56 (b) 10
5. (d) C.P. for 1 lichchus = paise
11
(c) 11
27 (c) 57 S.P. for 1 lichchus = paise
10
11 10
(c) −
10 11
28 (d) 58 ∴ gain % = 10 × 100 = 21%
11

29 (a) 59 (a) Quantity Price

30 (b) 60 (b)
11 10
10 11
HINTS &
EXPLANATIONS 11×11
gain % = − 1 × 100%
10×10
21
1. (a) Let the cost of production of the table be = × 100 %
100

`x. = 21%
(b) S.P. for 1 egg = `10 = Rs 2
5 1
Then, 125% of 115% of 110% of x = 1265 6.
125 115 110
⇒ 100 × 100 × 100 × 𝑥 = 1265 ∴ C.P. for 1 egg = (100 +20) × 2 = ` 12
100 1 5

253 1265 ×160

⇒ 160 𝑥 = 1265 ⇒ 𝑥 = 253
= ₹800 ⇒ He bought 12 eggs for 5 rupees.
2. (b) Let the original price of the jewel be ` P 7. (c) Let he sells x oranges per rupee.
1
: 100 − 4 ∷ 𝑥: (10 + 8)
and let the profit earned by the third seller be 36
108 1
x%. ⇒x = =
96×36 32

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
He sells 32 oranges per rupee. 400 100
⇒ Profit /litre = 3
− 100 = 3
150 3
8. (b) C.P for one coconut = Rs 100 = 𝑅𝑠 100 40
2 % by which profit increase = − 20 =
3 3
S.P for one coconut = `2 14. (b) C.P. of 200 kg of mixture =

Profit on one coconut = 2- = `

3 1 `(80×13.50+120×16)
2 2

∴ Profit on 2000 coconut = × 2000 = `1000

1 = `3000.
2
S.P. = 116% of Rs 3000 = `
116
9. (a) Let C.P. =Rs 100, then M.P. = `150 100
× 3000

S.P. = 70% of 150 =`105 =`3480

105 −100 3480
∴ % profit = × 100=5% ∴Rate of S.P. of the mixture = Rs 200
per kg
100

10. (b) Let S.P. =` x per kg =` 17.40 kg

15. (a) He gives 800 grams but charges the price
∴ S.P. of 2 kg of rice = `2x = loss
of 100 grams (1 kg)
now, Loss = C.P. –S.P. ⇒ on every 800 grams, he gains (1000-800)
2x = 600-10x grams i.e. 200 grams.
⇒x = `50 per kg
200
∴His gain % = 800 × 100% = 25%
Short cut:
11. (a) Let CP = `100 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
Gain % = 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔 𝑕𝑡−𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
Then, S.P. = `117 200
= 1000 −200 × 100 = 25%
Let marked price be Rs. x.
117 ×100 16. C.P. of 150 calculators
Then, 90% of x = 117 ⇒ x= = 130
90
=150 × 250+2500=37500+2500=` 40000
∴ Marked price = 30% above C.P.
80 4 Labelled price of 150 calculators
12. (b) S.P. = C.P ⇒ 𝑆. 𝑃. = 𝐶. 𝑃. ...
=150×320 = ` 48000
100 5
(1)
110 11 Discount allowed = 5%
S.P. +12 = C.P. 100
⇒ 𝑆. 𝑃. = 10 𝐶. 𝑃.-12 ...
∴ S.P. of 150 calculators
(2)
From eqn. (1) and (2) = 48000-5% of 48000= `45600
4 11 5600
5
𝐶. 𝑃. = 10 𝐶. 𝑃. −12 ∴ Profit % = 40000 × 100 = 14
11 4 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔 𝑕𝑡 100 +𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 %
⇒10 𝐶. 𝑃 − 5 = 12 ⇒ 𝐶. 𝑃. = ₹40 17. (b) 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 =
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔 𝑕𝑡 100 +𝑥

13. (b) Let profit per litre = `20 Here S.P. = C.P. ∴ x =0
1000 ×100
⇒ False weight = = 800 𝑔𝑚
So, C.P./litre = `100 125

18. Let cost price = `100

S.P. /litre =`120
On adding 10% water to the milk ∴ Marked price = `135

litre = `100
9 After discount, selling price = 135-13.5 =
C.P. per
10 121.5
S.P. per 10 litre = `100
9
∴ profit % = 121.5-100 = 21.5%

S.P. per litre = `

120×10
=`
400 19. (a) S.P. of the 1 st chair = `500
9 3
Gain = 20%
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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
500 ×100 500 ×100 𝑥 3000 −𝑥
∴ C.P. of the 1 st chair = 100 +20
= 120
⇒5− = 60
10
1250
= ⇒ 2x – 3000+x = 600
3
500 ×100 500×100 ⇒ 3x = 3600 ⇒ x = 1200
S.P. of the 2nd chair = =
100 −12 88 23. (d) Here, SP1 = SP2
= ` 500 Loss = 12% 𝐶𝑃
⇒ 140 CP1 = 60CP2⇒ 𝐶𝑃1 = 14 = 7
6 3
2
500 ×25 250 ×25
× 8000 = `2400
= 3
22 11 ∴CP1 =
(3+7)
6250
= 11 and CP2 = 8000-2400= `5600
Now S.P. of both the chairs = `1000 24. (b) Let the C.P. be Rs 100
C.P. of both the chairs
1250 6250 13750 +18750 32500
First S.P. =` 115
= + = =
3 11 33 33 Second C.P = 90…… Second s.p = 125% of
32500 500
∴ Net gain = 1000 - =
33 33 90 = `112.50 Difference of two selling prices
500 /33 500
⇒ Gain % = 32500 /33 × 100 = 32500 × 100
is ` 115 – Rs 112.50= 2.50 and c.p of the
100 20
= = 13 = 1.5% (To one place of decimal)
65
article is `100. But actual difference is Rs.4
Shortcut Method:
100 𝑥+𝑦 +2𝑥𝑦
=
100 20−12 +2×20×(−12) ∴ C.P= 100/2.50* `.4=`4=`.160
100+𝑥 +(100+𝑦) 100+20 +(100−12)
100×8−480 320
= = = 1.5% gain
208 208
20. (a) Women’s shirt comprise 60% of the 25. (c) Let the price of 1 article = ` 1
output.
⇒ Loss = 20 C.P. – 20 S.P.
∴ Men’s shirts comprise (100-60) = 40% of
⇒ 5C.P. = 20 C.P. – 20 S.P. ⇒ 20 S.P. = 15
the output.
C.P.
∴ Average profit from men’s shirt = 8% of 40
=3.2 out of 40. Over all avg.profit =6 out of ⇒ CP1 of 20 articles = ` 20
100 ∴ Average from womens shirt = 2.8
⇒ SP1 of 20 articles = ` 15
Out of 60
i .e. 0 .0466 out of each shirt. Also given that, had he purchased the 20
1
21. (c) Here, in whole transaction, there is neither articles for 25% less and sold them for 333%
gains nor loss, therefore, more, then
Amount of gain in one watch= Amount of loss
⇒ CP2 of 20 articles = `15
in other watch
⇒ 0.15 × CP1 = 0.10 × CP2 ⇒ CP2 of 20 articles = `20
𝐶𝑃1 0.10 2
⇒ 𝐶𝑃 = 0.15 = 3 20−15 1
2 ∴ Gain percentage = 15
× 100 = 33 3 %
Also CP1 + CP2 =560
26. (a) Let S.P. = ` x per kg
∴ CP1 = (2+3) × 560 =`224
2

∴ S.P. of 4 kg = ` 4x
and CP2 = 560 – 224 = ` 336 100 −10
∴4x = 100
× 300
22. (b) Let the C.P. of horse = `x
=` 67.50
270
⇒x= 4
Then the C.P. of carriage = Rs (3000-x)
20% of x – 10% of (3000-x) = 2% of 3000 27. (c) Let the cost price of manufactures is =P

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
Selling price of manufacturer = P + P× 10 𝑑 2
⇒ 122.40 = 160 1 − 100 1 − 100
18 59𝑃
= 𝑑2 122 .40×100
100 50 ⇒1− = = 0.85
59𝑃 59𝑃 20 100 160 ×90
Wholesaler selling price = + × ⇒ 𝑑2 = 1 − 0.85 × 100 = 15%
50 50 100
(a) Let the cost of cloth per cm be `x
59𝑃 59𝑃 354𝑃
= + = 32.
50 250 250
354𝑃 354𝑃 25 As he uses 120 cm scale. so he has 120 cm
Retailer selling price = + × cloth cost incurred = 100x. While selling he
250 250 100
354𝑃 177𝑃 805𝑃 uses 80 cm scale, so actually he charges for
= + =
250 500 500 100
805𝑃 × 20 = 150 cm of cloth
Now, = 30.09 80
500
Amount obtained after 20% discount
⇒ P =17
= 0.8x × 150 = 120x
100 100 100 20𝑥
Short P= × × × 30.09 = 17 ∴ Profit = × 100=20%
118 120 125 100𝑥
33. (c) SP = 90× 1.2 =Rs 108
Marked price = 0.85 = `127.05
108
28. (d) Let C.P. of one metre of cloth = ` 1

then C.P. of 66 metres of cloth = `66 34. (d) Let the SP of the article be `x

Gain = C.P. of 22 metres = `22 Expenses = 15% of x = ` 0.15x

22 1 Profit = 10% of x = Rs 0.10x
% gain = 66 × 100 = 33 3 %
Shortcut method: CP = ` 9 (given)
If on selling ‘x’ articles, a man gains equal to Therefore, 9 + 0.15x+ 0.1x = x ⇒ x= 12
𝑦
the C.P. of ‘y’ articles, then % gain = 𝑥 × 100 ∴ % increase for marked price =
12−9
× 100 =
9
22 1 100
∴ % gain =66 × 100 = 33 3 % %
3
(a) Mean cost price = ` (c) Retailer’s S.P. = M.P.
100 64 35.
29. ×8 =₹
137.5 11
Retailer’s C.P. for 30 Pens = M.P. of 27 pens
using allegation rule.
∴ Retailer’s S.P. for 30 pens = M.P. of 30 pens
C.P. 30−27 100 1
of 1 c.p of ∴ % gain = 27
× 100= 9
= 11 9 %
litre 1 litre
water milk 36. (a) Let M.P. = ` 100
Rs.0 6.40
then discount = ` 16
66/11
∴ when discount = `80, then M.P. = ` x
64/11 64/11 100 𝑥
Now, ↓ ↓ it’s direct proportion
16 80
∴ 100: x: : 16: 80

Required ration =
64
=
64
= 1: 10 ⇒ 16x = 100×80 ⇒ x =`500
110 11
30. (b) Equivalent discount = 10+20 -
10×20
Now, since M.P. =` 500, therefore, after 16%
100
= 30-2 = 28% discount
man paid = 500 1 − 100 =`420
1 𝑑 16
31. (c) Retailer price = list price 1 − 100 1−
𝑑2100

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key

(c) Let C.P. =`100. Then M.P. = ` 120 and S.P. C.P for C = 110% of `480 = `
110
37. 100
× 480

=`108 =`528.
12
% discount = 120
× 100 % = 10% 46. (c) C.P. = 50×4 = `200
=`54
50×108
38. (b) Offering price = Remaining eggs = 600-40 = 560
100
After 10% discount, S.P. = 90% of 54 Let S.P. of eggs = `x per dozen
= `48.60
90×54
∴ Total S.P. =` 12 𝑥
= 560
100
39. (c) 100 + 𝑔1 : 𝑆1 ∷ 100 + 𝑔2 : 𝑆2 560 100 +5 %
∴ 12 𝑥 = 100
× 200
10
100 + 20 : 30 ∷ 100 + 𝑔2 : 30 1 − 100
= `4.5 per dozen
105 2400
⇒𝑥 = 100 × 560
[∵ 10% discount is allowed on S.P.]
120: 30:: 100 + 𝑔2 ∶ 27 47. (b) Suppose the cost price of table = ` T and
120 ×27
100+ g2 = = 108
30 cost price of a chair = ` C.
⇒ g2 = 8%
1 1
Then; 12 % of T + −8 % of C =25 and
40. (b) Let C.P. = Rs 100, Also, let M.P. = `x 2 3
1 1
Given, C.P. after 20% discount on M.P. = C.P. −8 3 % or T +122 % of C = 0
25 25
⇒ 80% of x = 100 or, 𝑇− 𝐶 = 2500 ..... (1)
2 3
=`125
100 ×100 25 25
⇒𝑥= − 𝑇+ 𝐶=0 ..... (2)
80 3 3
41. (c) Let the C.P. be Rs. 100 25 25
(1) ÷ 2 ÷ (2) 3 gives 𝑇− 𝑇 = 1250
4 9
S.P. = Rs 120 225−100
Discount being 4%, S.P. is 96% of sale price or, T 36
= 1250

∴ 96% of sale price = ` 120 ∴ T = 360 ∴ price of a table = `360

⇒ Sale price is 25% higher than the C.P.
48. (d) Let the marked price be `x.
42. (d) Let his loss = ` x. Then, 3
∵ C.P. = (x-25% of x) = 4 𝑥
C.P. = 5000+x = 5600-2x 3𝑥 3𝑥 33
⇒ 3x =600 ⇒ x = 200 ⇒ S.P. = + 10% 𝑜𝑓 = 𝑥
4 4 40
33
∴ C.P. =5000+200 = Rs 5200 But, 40 𝑥 = 660 ⇒ x = 800.
43. (a) Retailer’s price = 112% of 110% of (120%
of 25) 49. (a) Let the marked price be `x.
3
= 100 × 100 × 100 × 25 = `36.96 ≈`37
112 110 120 ∵ S.P. = (x-25% of x) = 𝑥
4

44. (c) Let C.P. = ` x. But, S.P = ` 525

3
120% of
225
% 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 2700 ∴4 𝑥 = 525 ⇒ 𝑥 = 700
2
120 225 50. (c) Shortcut method:
⇒ × × 𝑥 = 2700 ⇒ x = 2000 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 ×𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
100 2×100
Net profit =profit + Discount + 100
(c) C.P for B = 120% of `400 = `
120
45. × 400 25 25×𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
100 = 25 – Discount -
2 100
=`480 (‘―’ to represent discount)
25 −5
2
− 25 = 4
Discount
∴ Discount % = 10%

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 Profit & Loss Exercise Questions
with Answer Key
51. (c) 1st case: 0.8x – 0.7x = 800
25
100 +𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 % 100 + ×𝐶.𝑃
2
x= 800 × 10 = 8000
S.P.= × 𝐶. 𝑃 ⇒ 𝑆. 𝑃. =
(b) Let `100 be the cost price for A.
100 100
112 .5 56.
⇒S.P. = 100
𝐶𝑃 .... (1)
S.P. for A = 100 + 20% of 100 = 120
IInd case:
S.P. for B = 120 - 15% of 120 = 102
100 +𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 %
S.P.= 100
× 𝐶. 𝑃 ⇒ 𝑆. 𝑃. +10 Profit % =
102 −100
× 100 = 2%
100 +15 100
= 100
× 𝐶. 𝑃 57. (c) Let cost price of good be 100
115 Trades mark up at 50% more i.e. 150
⇒(S.P.+10) = 100 C.P. ..... (2)
20
𝑆.𝑃 112.5 100 Selling price of goods = 150 - × 150 =
𝑆.𝑃.+10
= 100
(𝐶. 𝑃) × 115 (𝐶.𝑃) 100
120
112.5
S.P. = (S.P. +10) 120 −100
150 Profit % = 100
× 100=20
115 S.P. = 112.5 S.P + 1125
S.P. = 450 58. (c) Let original price of sewing machine be `x
𝑆.𝑃×100 450 ×100 15
∴ C.P. = = = 400 Retailer sought it at x - 100 𝑥=0.85x
112 .5 112 .5
15
52. (a) The trader professes to sell 1200 kg but 0.85x + × 0.85x = 1955
100
sells only 1000 kg. 1.15 × 0.85x = 1955
So profit = 20% 1955 ×10000
x= = 2000
Markup = 10% 115 ×85

Discount is 100 × 200 = ` 300

10×20 15
Total profit = 10+20 + 100
=32%
1000 −900 1
53. (c) Let marked price of goods be `100. 59. (a) Profit % = 900
× 100 = 11 9 %

Selling price goods = 100-100 × 100 =`90

10
60. (b) Selling price of 5 apples = `42.50
42.5
Cost price of goods is 80% of its selling price Selling price of 60 apples = 5
× 60=510
80
C.P. = 100 × 90 = 72 C.P. + Profit = S.P.
20
Profit on goods = (90 – 72) = `18 C.P. + 100 × C.P. = 510

C.P. = 120 × 100 = `425

510
54. (a) Let marked price of the instruments be ` x
20
Selling price, S.P. = x - 100 𝑥 = 0.8x
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Cost price, C.P. =C.P. + 100 C.P. = 0.8x
0.8×100 16
C.P = 125
= 25 𝑥
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𝑥 = 16 C.P.
25
Given that 100 C.P = 150 Join Us on FB English – Examsdaily
150 ×100
⇒ C.P. = 25
=600 Join Us on Twitter – Examsdaily
Marked price x = 16 × 6,000 = `938.50
25

55. (b) Let labelled price of T.V. be `x

20
Price after 20% discount, x - 100 𝑥 =0.8x
30
Price after 30% discount, x - 𝑥 =0.7x
100
According to question
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