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Bio Project Class 12

Bishwayan Sarkar thanks his biology teacher and parents for their support in completing a school project on the Ebola virus. The 10-page project covers the history, transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention, and WHO response to Ebola outbreaks. It also discusses the potential effects of Ebola reaching India and concludes that while the current outbreak may subside, Ebola is likely to reemerge unless scientists develop better treatments and health infrastructure.

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364 views15 pages

Bio Project Class 12

Bishwayan Sarkar thanks his biology teacher and parents for their support in completing a school project on the Ebola virus. The 10-page project covers the history, transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention, and WHO response to Ebola outbreaks. It also discusses the potential effects of Ebola reaching India and concludes that while the current outbreak may subside, Ebola is likely to reemerge unless scientists develop better treatments and health infrastructure.

Uploaded by

joyita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bishwayan Sarkar

Class-12 Section - S2
Roll no.-
School- Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan
Biology Project
On
Ebola Virus
Contents
Sl No Topic

1 Acknowledgement
2 Introduction
3 History
4 Transmission Route
5 Signs and Symptoms
6 Prevention
7 WHO Response
8 Effect on India
9 Conclusion
10 Bibliography
1.Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my Biology teacher , Mrs. Suman
Mukherjee who gave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project on the topic , “Ebola
Virus” which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to her.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents


and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

Thank You

-Bishwayan Sarkar
2.Introduction
The recent re-emergence of the Ebola Virus has
underscored the fact that humans are increasingly
and continuously at risk from life threatening viral
diseases and that the unexpected can be expected
anytime.
The Ebola Virus (EVD), also known as Ebola
Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a
rare viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other
primates caused by Ebola Viruses ,one of the five
virus strains found in several African countries.
The largest Ebola outbreak in history is currently
spinning out of control in West Africa.
Increased human mobility and connectivity have
radially changed the way in which emerging
infectious diseases spread across regions and
across the world.
The Ebola Virus is a member of the RNA virus
belonging to the family “FILOVIRIADE”
3.History
The disease was first identified in 1976, in two
simultaneous outbreaks: one in Nzara (a town
in South Sudan) and the other
in Yambuku (Democratic Republic of the Congo), a
village near the Ebola River from which the disease
takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in
tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976
and 2013, the World Health Organization reports 24
outbreaks involving 2,387 cases with 1,590
deaths. The largest outbreak to date was the epidemic
in West Africa, which occurred from December 2013,
to January 2016, caused by the Zaire species of the
Ebolavirus , with 28,646 cases and 11,323 deaths. It
was declared no longer an emergency on 29 March
2016. Other outbreaks in Africa began in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 2017, and
2018. In July 2019, the World Health Organization
declared the Congo Ebola outbreak a world health
emergency.
4.TRANSMISSION
ROUTE
 The African fruit bat (of the Pteropodidae family)
is considered to be the natural host of the Ebola
Virus as well as the major source of humans
infections.
 The chimpanzee, gorilla, fruit bats,monkeys, forest
antelopes and porcupines found ill or dead or in
the rainforest can also carry the virus and can
infect the humans (wildlife-to-human
transmission).
 Ebola spreads through human-to-human
transmission via direct contact with the blood,
secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected
people and with surfaces and materials
(eg.bedding,clothing) contaminated with these
fluids.
 Close contact with infected dead persons can also
cause the infection.
 People remain infectious as long as their blood and
body fluids including semen and breast milk
contain the virus.
 Men who have recovered from the disease can still
transmit the virus through their semen for upto 7
weeks after recovery from illness.
5.SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
The length of time between exposure to the virus and
the development of its symptoms (incubation period) is
between 2 and 21 days and usually between 4 and 10
days.

Symptoms usually begin with a sudden influenza-like


stage characterised by feeling tired,fever,weakness
decreased appetite, muscular pain, joint pain, headache
and sore throat. The body temperature is usually higher
than 38.3*C (101*F).This is often followed by nausea,
vomiting,diarrhoea,abdominal pain and can also lead
to severe dehydration. In some cases, internal and
external bleeding may occur. All infected persons
show some decreased blood clotting. In about half of
the cases,the skin may develop a maculopapular rash, a
flat red area covered with small bumps, five to seven
days after symptoms begin.
Survivors develop antibodies against Ebola that last
atleast 10 years, but it is unclear whether they are
immune to additional infections.
Death, often occurs, due to low blood pressure from
fluid loss.
6.Prevention
1. Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human
transmission.
2. Reducing the risk of human-to-human
transmission.
3. Outbreak containment measures.
Currently there is no licensed vaccine to treat the
disease. Healthcare workers are among the biggest
segment of affected people. People who are affected
by Ebola are not revealing because of the fear of
isolation. Suggested measures to tackle Ebola include
hospitals with isolation wards and improved
surveillance. Health care workers must be trained to
handle Ebola patients. Strict screening must be done at
airports not only to the people who come from African
countries but also to everyone as the virus has already
spread to other countries. People who are identified
with the symptoms of Ebola virus disease must be
immediately treated by the medical personnel and
should be strictly monitored from time to time.
Government should provide awareness to the people
about the virus so that people can be cautious and can
go for medical checkup if symptoms appear.
7.WHO Response
The 9th meeting of the Emergency Committee
convened by the WHO (World Health Organisation)
Director-General under the International Health
Regulations (2005) (IHR) regarding the Ebola virus
disease outbreak in West Africa took place on 29
March 2016. In the Committee’s view, the Ebola
situation in West Africa no longer constitutes a Public
Health Emergency of International Concern and the
temporary recommendations adopted in response
should now be terminated. The overarching goal is to
interrupt all remaining chains of Ebola transmission,
and to respond to the consequences of residual risks.
To do this, several objectives have been outlined and it
is worked towards enhancing the rapid identification
of all cases and contacts, improving Ebola survivor
engagement and support, among others.
8.EFFECT OF EBOLA
ON INDIA
Indians should not think that they are far from the
reach of Ebola virus and are safe as there are close to
45,000 Indians living in Ebola-affected countries.
There are chances that Ebola outbreak may occur in
India if the Indians affected from this virus plan to
come back home. Unlike other infectious diseases
which originate from rural areas, the Ebola outbreak
originated from urban areas. Union Health Minister,
Dr Harsh Vardhan said, "All precautions are being
taken by us. There would be designated facilities at the
relevant airports/ports to manage travellers manifesting
symptoms of the disease. The surveillance system
would be geared up to track these travellers for four
weeks and to detect them early, in case they develop
symptoms." Sadly, there has been no major
breakthrough in curing this deadly disease. So, there is
a need to be aware from its consequences.
9.CONCLUSION
WHO is supporting the national authorities in
the response to an outbreak of Ebola virus
disease. The outbreak is now confirmed to
be caused by a strain of Ebola virus with very
close homology (98%) to the Zaire Ebola
virus. This is the first time the disease has
been detected in West Africa, though it has
not been detected in India. The current
outbreak is sure to subside, though
unfortunately only after consuming many
lives. At the same time, it is bound to
reappear somewhere, sometime, and mostly
for man-made reasons. Unfortunately, it
might happen before long. If and when Ebola
strikes again, would we be able to deal with
it better? Hopefully during the lull, scientists,
researchers, and the industry would treat
Ebola as a common enemy that must be
defended with modern medicine and better
health-care infrastructure.
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Internet Search :
 http://www.google.com
 http://www.yahoo.com
 http://www.ask.com
Newspapers :
 The Hindu
 Times Of India
 The Indian Express
 Science Reporter

Thank You

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