G EK-14772A

INSTRUCTIONS

STATIC EXCITER-REGULATOR
EQUIPMENT
3S7501FS141
 GEK-147’72

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 3
RECEIVING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE ..................................
Receiving and Handling ................................................
Storage ...............................................................

DESCRIPTION ...........................................................
Component Arrangement ............................................... i
Static Magnetic Power Components and Power Rectifiers .................. 3
Silicon Diode Fundamentals ............................................
Automatic Voltage Regulator ........................................... :
Manual Voltage Regulator .............................................. a
Control Equipment Operation ........................................... a
CT and PT Burdens ................................................... 11
INSTALLATION ......................................................... 11
Location and Mounting ................................................. 11
Connections .......................................................... 11
Polarity and Phase Rotation ............................................ 11
INITIAL OPERATION, TEST, AND ADJUSTMENT .......................... 11
Control Circuits ...................................................... 11
Static Exciter ......................................................... 11
Gain Measurements .................................................... 13
System Self -Compensation ............................................ 13
Under excited Reactive Ampere Limit ................................... 13
MAINTENANCE ......................................................... 16
PPT and SCT’s ........................................................ 16
Static Equipment ...................................................... 17
Other Equipment ...................................................... 17
RENEWAL PARTS ....................................................... 17
TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................... ia

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment nor to
provide for every possible contingency to be met in connection with installation, operation
or maintenance. Should further information be desired or should particular problems
arise which are not covered sufficiently for the purchaser’s purposes. the matter should
be referred to the General Electric Company.
 GEK-14772
STATIC EXCITER-REGULATOR EQUIPMENT
FOR GAS TURBINE PACKAGE POWER PLANT
INTRODUCTION STORAGE
The silicon-controlled rectifier @CR) Static Exciter - If the equipment is not to be used as soon as it is un-
Regulator equipment performs its regulation and ex- packed, it should be stored in a clean dry place and
citation function by monitoring AC machine line volt - protected from accidental damage. Particular care
age and current and producing the proper excitation should be exercised to avoid storing the equipment
conditions required by the machine. in locations where construction wtrk is in progress.
The power potential transformer (PPT) and saturable
current transformers (XT’s) are the main source of DESCRIPTION
power for the AC machine field; at no load all field
power is obtained from the PPT while both supply power COMPONENT ARRANGEMENT
at full load with the SCT’s supplying most of the power.
The power from these two units is rectified by the three- The static exciter-regulator consists of the following:
phase full-wave bridge rectifier and then applied to the
field of the AC machine. The currents in the primaries A. Equipment mounted in the exciter compartment:
of the SCT’s provide some inherent self-regulation.
Theorectically, this self -regulation should completely 1. 3S7501FS Rectifier assembly consisting
compensate for load changes, however, AC machine of a three:-&-&: full-wave bridge rectifier,
saturation, field heating, and other secondary effects shunt, shaft voltage suppressor circuit and
make it necessary to add more compensation. This Thyrite* resistors. This welded angle-fram?
extra compensation is obtained by saturating the SCT’s assembly is floor mounted.
with a DC control winding current. The amount of DC
required is obtained from the automatic regulator whose 2. Three 44A------ Resistor assembleies (one
input continuously monitors line current and voltage resistor in parallel with y SCT control
when in the automatic mode operation. Also, a manual winding and one resistor in parallel with the
control of the DC control winding is provided. SCT suppression winding for each assembly.)

A reactive current compensator is included to permit

’ proper division of reactive current between paralleled 3. One floor-mounted three-phase power poten-
machines. Also included is a start-up circuit for field tial transformer. This step-down trans-
flashing, voltage adjusters for local control of the auto- former supplies power for the AC machine
matic and manual regulators, field suppression relay field and the regulator.
(when an optional AC machine field breaker is not used),
and other components to assure proper operation. 4. Three floor-mounted single-phase saturable
current transformers. These transformers
Refer to the diagrams provided with the equipment to also supply power to the AC machine field.
determine what material is included and what con-
nections should be used. The diagrams shown in this 5. Three single-phase linear reactors.
book are for illustrative purposes only; they are not
intended to apply to all installations. B. ’ Equipment mounted in the control cab:

RECEIVING, HANDLING 1. 3s7931------ Regulator panel which contains

local-control automatic regulator voltage ad-
AND STORAGE juster, and regulator reset pushbutton.
RECEIVING AND HANDLING
2. 387932------ DC Control panel, which contains
Immediately upon receipt, the equipment should be start-up relay and circuit, field suppression
carefully unpacked to avoid damaging the apparatus. relay and local control DC regulator voltage
Particular care should be exercised to prevent small adjusters.
parts being mislaid or thrown away in the packing
material. STATIC MAGNETIC POWER COMPONENTS AND
POWER RE-S
As soon as the equipment is unpacked it should be ex-
amined for any damage that might have been sustained The power potential transformer (PPT) has its pri-
in transit. If injury or rough handling is evident, a mary windings -e-connected to the AC machine
damage claim shall be filed immediately with the trans- terminals. The secondary of the power potential
portation company and the nearest General Electric transformer is connected to the power rectifier sec-
Sales Office should be notified promptly. tion through linear reactors as illustrated in Figure
1. Each saturable current transformer (SCT) pri-
mary is located in a line of the AC machine on the

*Registered trademark of General Electric Company, U. S. A.

GEK-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

oVOLTAGE
REFERENCE

SCR AMPLIF.
AND
STABILIZING
’ COMPONENTS
P Q
P?

SECONDARIES
PRIMARP
” / \ I i * /
SC T’S LINEAR REACTORS PPT

Figure 1. Simplified Static Exciter-Regulator System

neutral side. The secondary of each satuarable cur- The control windings of the SCT ‘s are connected in
rent transformer is connected from line to line of the series. A resistor is connected across each control
bridge rectifier . When the AC machine is oper sting winding to reduce the magnitude of the AC voltage
at no-load, the power potential transformer supplies appearing across the control winding.
voltage to the three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier
so that a unidirectional voltage, VSE, is applied to the When the machine is supplying current to a load, the
field of the AC machine. Field voltage is controlled SCT primaries carry the load current. This primary
by means of the saturable current trausformers. The current helps the secondary current excite the iron
exciting current of the saturable current transformers core. Therefore, an increase in primary current
is virtually proportional to the DC current, I , flowing causes a decrease in secondary exciting current for
in their control windings. This exciting curr&t flows a given value of I . A decrease in secondary exciting
from the PPT secondary through the linear reactors in- current decreased the voltage drop across the linear
to the SCT secondaries. When I is increased, the reactors with the result that bridge rectifier input
increased exciting current cause% increased voltage voltage and field voltage are increased. The turns
drop across the linear reactors so that the input voltage ratios of the SCT’s and the PPT end the reactance of
to the bridge rectifier and, consequently, the field the linear reactors are selected so that this increase
voltage is decreased. Thus, no-load terminal voltage in field voltage which accompanies an increase in load
of the AC machine is controlled by the value of Ice current is approximately the increase necessary to
hold terminal voltage constant.
 Static Exciter -Regula or Equipment GEK-14772

It is an object of the design to maintain required ter- state, regardless of the lead or power factor, without
mmal voltage on the machine without requiring a change a change III regulator output.
in control current Ic.

Operation of the static magnetic power components

can be better understood by referring to the equivalent
circuit illustrated in Figure 2 where:

V - AC machine terminal voltage (referred to PPT

secondary).

XL- reactance of the linear reactor.

I - Load current (referred to SCT secondary).

R - resistance of the AC machine field (referred
to the AC side of the rectifier).

If - field current (on the AC side of the rectifier). Figure 2. Equivalent Circuit of Saturable C. T. Type
Static Exciter
I m - is the magnetizing current of the saturable
current transformer (referred to SCT secondary).
magnetizing reactance of the SCT (referred to
xm - the secondary). This reactance decreases
with an increase in direct current from the
regulator.

From this equivalent circuit the field current at no

load is obtained from the AC machine terminal voltage
X shunts current away from the gen-
t%?&i; R% us providing control. Under load,
the load curreit, I, adds additional current, part of
which goes through the AC machine field R. This
equivalent circuit can be simplified by replacing the
circuit to the left of point 1 - 2 with an equivalent
voltage source and series impedance using Thevenin’s
theorem. The simplified equivalent circuit is shown
in Figure 3 0
Figure 3. Thevenin’s Equivalent of Figure 2
Notice that the linear reactors shifts the phase of load
current so that the total voltage applied to X X
and R is V +j X I. This voltage is called th&xc&
input voltage. h e amount of field current required
by an AC machine for various steady state loads can xd
be approximated by using the simplified AC machine
equivalent circuit shown in Figure 4. In this Figure,
E represents an imaginary voltage generated by field
flux and is always proportional to field current. Xd
is the synchronous reactance, which produces the same
effect as armature reaction and armature leakage re-
actance, neglecting magnetic saturation effects. The
equation for the circuit in Figure 4 is--E = et+jXdI.
Since E is proportional to field current, this equation
shows the relative amount of field current which the
exciter must supply to the AC machine for various load
conditions. Notice that this equation has the same
form as the exciter input voltage equation shown m
Figure 3. If the value of the linear reactor XL and
the transformer ratios are selected so that V + jXL1 Figure 4. Simplified AC machine Equivalent Circuit
wifl be proportional to et + j X I then the exciter
will supply the proper amount df field current at a steady

5
GEK-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

Due to various factors, such as AC machine field Certain precautions must be taken when dealing with
heating and field saturation, and other minor effects, circuits containing silicon rectifiers. Brazing or
it is necessary to trim this action of the PPT and SCT’s welding should not be attempted. If soldering is
to provide the exact compensation for load changes. necessary, something must be done to prevent the
This is accomplished by the automatic regulator or by heat from being conducted to the junction. Hipotting
manually controlling the current in the saturating should not be done without first shorting out the diodes,
windings by means of the manualregulator voltage Diodes being replaced must be screwed in with the
adjuster. proper amount of torque.
The suppression windings of the SCT’s are connected
in series with a resistor across each winding. This I One Cycle Of Line Voltage I
resistor, like the control winding resistor, reduces
the magnitude of the AC voltage appearing across the
suppression winding.
When relay 415 is de-energized its power contact
closes, applying power (usually 125 volts DC obtained
from the station battery) to the suppression windings.
The sequence of events that follows is the same as
that produced by the maximum current flowing through
the control windings, i.e., the exciting current in-
creases causing and increased voltage drop across Figure 5. Wave-form Across One Diode
the linear reactors, therefore reducing the input vol- When Oper sting Properly
tage to the bridge rectifier and consequently the field
voltage essentially to zero. AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

The three-phase bridge rectifier contains twelve cast Automatic Regulator Component Fundamentals
aluminum finned heat sinks with two diodes mounted
on each heat sink (one diode is the reverse polarity Zener Diode
type, i.e., the stud is the anode). The bridge is
convection air cooled. To insure adequate current The current-voltage characteristic of a zener diode
carrying capability, two parallel rectifier bridges are is shown in Figure 6. A zener diode conducts current
furnished. No provisions for isolating one of the at a constant voltage which is nearly independent of
bridges have been made. the value of current. It is an open circuit for all
voltages less than its break-down voltage.
Each rectifier “leg” consists of two diodes in series
to provide sufficient margin for the peak inverse vol-
tages which may appear. The potted block assembly
(PBA) connected across each diode will cause equal
division of the peak inverse voltages which may occur
due to power line transients.

The Thyrite resistor, shown in Figure 13, connected

across the rectifier bridge, protects the diodes from
high peak inverse voltages which may occur as a re-
sult of abnormal AC machine operation.

SILICON DIODE FUNDAMENTALS

Figure 5 is a sketch of the waveform across one diode
when it is operating properly. During the time in-
terval tl - t , the diode is passing current and the
voltage acre %s it. is a small amount of forward drop,
approximately 1 to 1.5 volts. This forward drop
varies only slightly as the current changes and does
not change with age.

5. The peak of this voltage is equal to the peak of the

line-to-line voltage divided by the number of diodes
in the “leg”, If the diodes are dividing the reverse
voltage equally.
Figure 6. Current-voltage Characteristics
of a Zener Diode
6
 Static Exe .ter -Regulator Equipment GE&14772

Saturable Reactor As a Firing Element the reset windings in only one direction because of the
diode in series with these windings. To digress to the
Figure 7 shows a simplified version of the SCR old days, a “buck” signal decreases the reset current,
circuit used in this regulator with its associated and “boost” signal increases the reset current.
firing reactor. The gate winding is connected be-
tween the sate and cathode of the SCR. while the re- The saturable reactors are used to provide the neces-
set wind& is connected to a DC source. During sary gate pulses to fire the SCR’s. Refer to Figure
the time that point A is positive with respect to B, 13 in following this discussion. The SCR supply voltage
the gate winding accumulates enough volt-seconds is obtained from one phase of the PPT secondary; it
to saturate the reactor and fire the SCR. When A is this voltage that is applied across the SCR’s and
is negative with respect to B. the flux in the react- their associated firing networks. The firing network
or is reset to a value dictated by the amount of DC for the ABCD SCR consists of a series combination of
current in the reset winding. Increasing and de- A5R, A2SX1, and A6D with the gate of A2CD connected
creasing the reset current causes the SCR to fire between A9R and A2SXl. As the supply voltage in-
Iater or earlier in the positive half cycle of the creases in the positive direction APSXl accumulates
supply voltage. In this way the amount of current enough volt-seconds to saturate its core, and once the
through the load is dependent upon the amount of core saturates, the voltage across all coils wound on
reset or error signal current in the reset windings. the A2SX core becomes zero. When this occurs, the
voltage across A2SXI becomes zero, therefore, caus-
The saturable reactors not only fire the SCR’s but ing the voltage across A9R to increase rapidly and fire
they also provide stabilization and positive feedback the ASCD SCR. When the supply voltage goes negative
for the system. the same sequence of events occurs for the AlCD SCR.
During the time A2CD is conducting, current flows
Operation from A14 through the control windings to AU, through
the A2CD SCR and to the AlT supply transformer, from
The signal PT monitors line voltage and feeds the the AlT supply transformer it then goes through A2D
single-phase bridge whose output delivers a DC and back to A14. The circuitry is so arranged that the
signal which is proportional to the line voltage to current flows through the control windings in the same
the comparison circuit. This signal, applied to a direction when either SCR fires. The average of these
voltage divider and reference zener diode branch current pulses is the DC that the SCT control windings
connected in parallel through the reset windings of see.
the saturable reactors, controls the firing signals for
the SCR’s. The voltage divider is preset in the fact- The error signal current flowing through AlSX2 and
ory such that approximately 13 ma (this may vary A2SX2 in the comparison circuit resets each core for
from 10 ma to 18 ma.) will flow through the reset the next operation and dictates how many volt-seconds
windings when the machine is working at its proper will be needed to fire the SCR’s. If the error signal
voltage. If the line voltage increases, the reset cur- increases, the amount of reset for each SCR is great-
rent decreases, and likewise if the line voltage de- er, therefore, more volt-seconds are needed to saturate
creases the reset current increases. It must be em- AlSX and A2SX. Since more volt-seconds are needed,
phasized at this point that current will flow through the SCR’s fire later in each half cycle, allowing current
to flow through the control windings for a shorter period
of time; hence, less DC current flows inthe control

N
windings. To become more familiar with this operation
lets take the case in which the generator line voltage in-
creases. The sequence of events at no-load is as
gate wdg. follows:

c:2
1. PT output increases
2. DC output of bridge increases
R 3. Error signal current through AlSX2 and
A25X2 decreases (less reset flux in each core)
4. SCR’s fire earlier in each half-cycle of the
supply voltage and conducts longer
5. DC current through the SCT control windings
increases
6. Current through SCT secondary increases
7. Drop across reactor increases
8. Excitation decreases
9. Generator line voltage decreases
Figure 7. Simplified Version of SCR Circuit
GEK-14’772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

Other windings on the saturable firing reactor are more thsn 5-e will cause excessive voltage droop at
AlSX3, A2SX3, AlSX4, and A2SX4. The AlSX3 and the high voltage bus. For generators tied directly at
A2SX3 windings are wired in series with a linear their buses, Er should be approximately 6.9 volts.
reactor and potentiometer; together these items make
up the positive feedback network used to increase the Since the signal current transformer and the signal
gain. Remaining are the AlSE4 and A2SX4 windings potential transformer have a common electrical con-
used for rate feedback stabilization end AlSX5 and nection, only one of the transformers or the common
A2SX5 used with the URAL panel. All windings are connection may be grounded.
wound on the two saturable reactors AlS2S and A2SX.
MANUALVOLTAGEREGULATOR
During the time that each SCR is not conducting,
diodes A5D and A2D along with resistors A8R and A7R The manual voltage regulator consists of two rheostats
protect the SCR’s from reverse voltages. The diodes of which either rheostat, but not both, is in series
appear as very high impedances when their associated with the SCT control windings when operating under
SCR’s are not conducting, Thus, most of the reverse manual control. One rheostat is for “on-line” con-
voltage is across the diode and not the SCR’s. trol and the other for “off-line” control.
Before each unit is shipped for the factory, gain Operation
curves are taken, and potentiometers are checked
and set. The series combination of rheostat and SCT control
windings is supplied from the exciter voltage. If the
Figures 8a and 8b indicate typical curves obtained DC exciter voltage rises above normal, the SCT con-
from the SCR units prior to smpment. trol current will increase. This acts to return the
DC exciter voltage to normal. If the DC exciter
Reactive Current Compensator (RCC) voltage decreases below normal, the SCT control
current will decrease, thereby, raising the exciter
Although the RCC potentiometer is always furnished, voltage toward normal.
the signal CT may not be present. Any reference to
the RCC assumes the signal CT is present. The “on-line” rheostat will be set to give a safe value
of control current to prevent the machine from pulling
The RCC is used to apportion reactive kva and to pre- out of step if there should be an automatic transfer
vent circulating reactive current between AC machines from automatic regulator to manual regulator. This
when two or more machines with individual regulators setting will vary, depending upon customers needs
are operating in parallel. As shown in Figure 9, a or preference and is capable of controlling the voltage
potentiometer is connected in series with the secondary from no-load to ‘I& of full-load. The “off -line”
of the signal potential transformer feeding the reg- rheostat will be set to give a value of control current
ulator averaging circuit. The potentiometer wiper which will reduce the AC machine terminal voltage
is connected to one side of a signal current trans- when the AC machine is tripped off the line to a safe
former, the current transformer located in phase C. value, which is usually line voltage, although there
may again be a customer preferred value other than
The compensator will vary the regulator signal volt- line voltage. These two rheostats are adjusted at
age mainly as a function of the machine reactive cur- initial start-up and require no further adjustments
rent. As the machine overexcited reactive current in subsequent start-ups. They are manually operated
increases, the voltage will be increased. As a re- and are mounted on the DC Control Panel.
sult, the average single-phase signal voltage supplied
to the regulator will rise. Due to this higher voltage CONTROL EQUIPMENT OPERATION
signal, the regulator will act to reduce excitation,
thereby reducing the overexcited reactive current, In the following paragraphs the components designated
with a double asterisk (**) indicates they are not fur-
If the AC machine is operating in the underexcited nished by the Communication and Control Devices
region, the compensator will decrease the average Department of General Electric Company. Some of
single-phase voltage signal presented to the regulator the components serve functions in other circuits of the
so that the regulator will act to increase the excitation generating system but their functions discussed here
and decrease the underexcited reactive current. The will only be in conjunction with the static exciter-
effect of the compensator can be increased by turning regulator. Refer to Figure 13 for the following para-
the knob clockwise (in the direction of the arrow). graphs .
With five amps flowing in the signal CT secondary 59** is the overvoltage relay. Its contact is in series
and with all the resistance in, the total drop is ten with time delay relay 2E** to automatically transfer
volts. It has been experimentally determined that the regulator from automatic to manual mode. When
for proper VAR sharing, i.e. satisfactory apportion- the excitation increases above a safe value, 59E** is
ment of reactive EVA with a minimum number of ad- energized, closing its contact and energizing 2E**.
justments, there should be 5-60/oimpedance between If the excitation remains at this unsafe value for more
the generator and the paralleling bus. Less than than 30 seconds, 2E** seals itself m. Another 2E**
5-a will require more frequent adjustments and contact ~11 de-energize relay 83SR**, transferring
8
 Static Exciter-Regulator Equipment GEK-14772

Signal Volts
from PT’s 115

VAC

Nominal Error Signal = lima

Error Signal In MA

Figure (Sal Comparison Circuit Output

PT And Supply Voltage Held Constant

Output
Amps

Nominal _ _ - - - .-- - - -
Control
Current

Nominal Error Signal In WA

Error Signal
In MA

Figure G-34Comparison Circuit Output

9
GEK-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

8
c
SIGNAL
CT
1
-

---%
‘Eo *
SIGNAL
PT
1 TO LOAO

+ ”

w.1 N

0 N N AVERAGING
IA CIRCUIT

I 1
TO REFERENCE a
COMPARlSON CIRCUIT

Figure 9. Reactive Current Compensator

the regulator from automatic to manual mode. To re- 4Y**, 94**, 52GX?* and 14HSY**. The 94** contact,
turn the regulator from automatic mode, momentarily as in the flashing circuit, is normally closed. When the
depress the regulator reset pushbutton 43% de- AC machine exceeds 95% speed, speed relay 14HsT**
energizing 2E**. closes its contact, energizing the 83SR** circuit, there-
by, putting the automatic regulator in service. The
Field flashing is automatic and occurs when relay 41F 52GX** in parallel with the 94** contact prevents the
is energized, This energization results from the follow- regulator from being transferred to the manual mode
ing sequence of contact action. 4Y is a time delay if the shutdown relay 94** is energized before the AC
master control auxiliary relay and is energized on machine line breaker is tripped.
turbine start-up closing its contacts. Relay 94** is
only energized on normal shutdown of the system; 41s is the field suppression relay. When de-energized,
therefore, its contact remains in the normally closed its power contact closes, applying power to the SCT
condition. Speed relay 14HSX** is not energized until suppression windings. With maximum current flowing
the AC machlne attains 95% speed; therefore, its con- through the suppression windings, a large voltage drop
tact remains closed. As the AC machine mcresses exists across the linear reactors such that the input
speed, speed relay 14HAX** is energized at 49% speed voltage to the bridge rectifier and consequently the AC
closing its contact. At this time all the contacts in machine field is essentially zero. 41s is controlled by
series are closed energizing 41F and flashing the field. speed relay 14HMX**, AC machine differential relay
When the AC machine exceeds 95% speed, 14HSX** 86G** end transformer differential relay 86T**. When
is energized, opening the contact, de-energizing 4lF. the speed is above 29%, 86G** and 86T** contacts
The start-up circuit resistance values are chosen to control 41s; i.e., if either or both contacts should open
allow a maximum of 15% of the no-load field current. end lockout because of an AC machine or transformer
The panel is shipped with total circuit resistance which unbalance, 41s will be de-energized. The 14HMX**
will allow approximately 10% of no-load field current. contact’s function is to Bnerglze 41s below 2% speed to
Resistor C3R may be adjusted for the 15% value, if remove power from the SCT suppression winding. 41s
required. has two auxiliary contacts whxh aid in controlling the
close and trip circuits of the AC machine line breaker. ’
The 83SR** transfer relay’s operation is controlled,
in addition to that by relays 59E** and 2E, by relays

10
 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment GEK-14772

CT AND PT BURDENS INITIAL OPERATION, TEST

The regulator imposes a maximum burden of 50 volt- AND ADJUSTMENT
amperes on the signal current transformer and 25 CONTROL CIRCUITS
volt-amperes on the signal potential transformer 0 The
URAL (when furnished) imposes a maximum burden of The following relays can be checked before operating
300 volt-amperes on the signal PT and 250 volt-amperes
the AC machine. Upon application of the DC supply
on the signal CT. voltage, relay 41s should immediately pick-up.
Placing a jumper across speed relay contact 14HSY**
INSTALLATION will energize the transfer relay 83SR**.
Short 59E contact energizing 2E. Nothing else should
LOCATION AND MOUNTING occur for 30 seconds after which a 2E** contact will
close and seal itself in (the 59E** contact can now be
The rectifier-reactor assembly, resistor assemblies released). Another ZE** contact will de-energize re-
PPT, and the SCT’s are mounted in the AC machine lay 83SR**. Depressing 43SR** will return the relays
cab. They are convection cooled. All components to their former condition. Remove the 14HsrC* jump-
are floor mounted. er and place it across speed relay contact 14HAX**.
41F relay should pick up.
CONNECTIONS
STATIC EXCITER
Connections must be made in accordance with the
diagrams supplied with the equipment for each partic- Since the automatic regulator is automatically switched
ular installation. Care must be exercised to deter- into service immediately following start-up, the 83SR**
mine that the connections are correct to avoid dam- circuit must be disabled to prevent this so that the
aging the equipment. “off-line” (90R5) and “on-line” (90R6) manual regulator
rheostats can be adjusted. The means used to accom-
The size of the interconnecting wires for the regulator plish this is optional but should allow for easy con-
and control panels and the rectifier -reactor assembly necting and disconnecting for future tests. .
(also the field breaker control circuit when applic-
able) is to be a minimum of #I4 wire. The minimum As the AC machine begins rotating and the start-up
size of the interconnecting cables for the rectifier- circuit is switched into operation, the exciter -volt -
reactor assembly will vary with the rating of the equip- age and AC machine voltage should build up to a
ment and is shown on the rectifier-reactor assembly small percentage of rated voltage. If the voltage shows
outline. no signs of building up, shutdown the equipment, turn
the “off -line” voltage adjuster rheostat 9OR5 clockwise,
Care should be taken that the DC supply is connected to add some resistance and try again. It should be re-
with the polarity shown. If reversed, the start-up membered that the field circuit is highly inductive,
circuit blocking rectifier will prevent the start-up and the build-up will be slow. Therefore, it is im-
current from flowing in the field circuit. perative that all adjustments be made in small incre-
ments until the operator becomes familiar with the
Instrument transformers, both current and potential, characteristics of the particular machine. Adding
should be connected as shown in the diagram. The too much resistance may cause the AC machine to
current transformer should be brought to the regulator build up to too high a value. The final setting should
through a shorting device. be noted for future start-ups.
POLARITY AND PHASE ROTATION Once the voltage has started to build up, it shouId be
possible to control it with 90R5. With the AC machine
When making connections to the static exciter-regu- operating at normal voltage, turn 90R5 clockwise.
lator, polarity should be carefully checked to make This will increase the resistance in series with the
certain that the connections are the same as those saturating winding and cause an increase in exciter
shown on the elementary. voltage and AC machine voltage. Turning 90R5 counter-
clockwise will have the opposite effect. The change in
It is extremely important that the PPT and SCT’s exciter voltage and .4C machine voltage should be
are connected with the polarity-marked ends as shown smooth and easy to control.
on the elementary. Failure to do so can cause damage
to the eo&pment or improper operation of the circuit. C6R may be adjusted so there is sufficient range of
voltage control on 90R5. The adjustment of the on-
line manual regulator circuit depends upon the AC
machine characteristics and customer requirements
and may involve trial and error.

11
GEK-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

When finally adjusted, the values of C4R and C5R will When proper regulator operation has been secured,
be such that maximum desired AC machine output will optimum stability should be checked by the following
occur with 90R6 at its maximum resistance position. test and the necessary additional adjustments made,
With the regulator in control of the AC machine, ad-
To accomplish this, we must start with the total re- just 9OR4 (9ORl if Manual adjust used) to hold AC
sistance of the on-line circuit equal to the total re- machine volts at approximately 9% or greater. De-
sistance of the off-line circuit when 9OR5 is in its energize 83SR**, putting manual regulator back in
proper start-up position. control of the AC machine.
With some active load on the AC machine, adjust When the AC machine is back at rated voltage and
90R6 until the AC machine is carrying the desired steady, energize 83SR**. The AC machinevoltmeter
reactive load. should overshoot only slightly before returning to
the new steady state value.
If this is impossible to attain, shut down the equip-
ment and increase the effective resistance of C4R
and C5R. Too much resistance will make it impos-
sible to operate as low as might be desired. Before making any adjustments
in the stabilizer circuit, it is
Voltage Level necessary to transfer to manual
control when adjusting A2P or to
The automatic regulator is designed and transformer shut down the unit to adjust A2C.
ratios are selected to give a nominal signal voltage
of approximately 115 volts to the single-phase bridge The on line auto-regulator should be set to cause the
consisting of diodes A7D through AlOD. 90Rl (“off - generator to go on line at a voltage higher than line
line”) end 90R2 (“on-line”) should provide adjustment voltage in order to supply reactive power to the sys-
of at least 10% above and below nominal signal volt- tem. With the motor operated set point adjuster,
age. It is usually preferable to delay the final voltage this is accomplished by setting 9ORl to some small
level adjustment until the reactive current compen- value to give a step change in voltage. With the man-
sator is adjusted, as it may appreciably alter the ual set point adjuster, 9ORl should be set to hold rated
signal voltage. line voltage and 9OR2 to hold a voltage slightly higher
than rated.
Automatic Control
If the signal PT voltage is other than 115 volts, it will
The reactive current compensator (A6P) control knob be necessary to adjust rheostat A3P and/or A4P to
should be turned fully counterclockwise (minimum bring the regulator back to a good operating range.
affect). The URAL amplifier should be removed from Failure to do this may result in the voltage adjuster
service by disconnecting the wire from terminal E8, not having enough range.
Figure 13.
When smooth control and the desired operation has
With the AC machine operating at rated voltage, rated been obtained, the reactive current compensator po-
speed, and disconnected from the line, and with 9OR4 tentiometer A6P can now be adjusted (turning clock-
(90Rl if Manual adjust used) in its midposition, take wise) for the desired compensation for reactive cur-
whatever steps are necessary to energize 83SR**, rent. Refer to the reactive current compensator cir-
thereby causing the AC machine to be under the con- cuit description under the section titled “Automatic
trol of the automatic regulator. Watch carefully for Voltage Regulator” as a guide for the setting of A6P
signs of instability since the system will be most un- for optimum performance.
stable under these conditions. If the system is un-
stable, immediately de-energize 83SR**. Final adjustment of the compensator can only be made
after consider able experience with the machine oper -
Attempt to obtain stable operation by adjusting rhe- ating under control of the automatic regulator. It is
ostat A2P in series with capacitor AX (A2C actually desirable to keep the amount of resistance used to the
consists of five separate capacitors A2CA-A2CE. minimum required for proper division of reactive kva
Refer to the regulator panel connection diagram). Re- between machines to avoid excessive voltage regulation.
duce the resistance to a value that is about 1% less Adjustments may be made with the compensator cur-
than the original value and again place the regulator rent transformer energized. When making adjust-
in control of the AC machine excitation. If the stability ments, the AC machine power factor should swing
still has not improved, repeat the preceding adjustment toward unity as A6P resistance is increased.
using larger and smaller values of resistance. It
should be possible to stabilize the regulator by gradual Regulator Sensitivity and Voltage Regulation
adjustment of this rheostat. However, if the regulator
1s still unstable after the full range of resistance has Determination of AC machine voltage regulation witi.
been tried, the exciter stabilizer capacitors (AZCA- the regulator in sermce is a difficult procedure under
h2CE) should be adjusted in the same manner as pre- usual operating conditions and one which will produce
vlouslg described. only qualitative results. Since the regulator is ad-
justed at the factory to provide adequate sensitivity
 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment GEK-147’72

for close regulation, this measurement is usually With the machine carrying power load and some safe
unnecessary at the time of installation, and for this value of underexcited reactive current, slowly turn the
reason no special test procedure is given, After the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial toward 0. At
equipment has been placed in service, it is possible same setting of the dial, the limit detector meter read-
to obtain data which will provide a measure of volt- ing will go to 0 and increase in the opposite direction.
age regulation, but results must be carefully inter- Limit signal-current will increase from 0 and the reg-
preted to gain a reliable estimate of performance. ulator output will decrease. If the limit-detector
current does not reverse before the dial has been turned
If the machine is connected to a system, the regula- to zero, return the dial to the highest numbered po-
tion will depend to a great extent upon the character- sition. Decrease the AC machine excitation to further
istics of this system. Regulation will also be con- increase the underexcited current being careful not to
siderably affected by the use and adjustment of com- exceed the safe operating limit for the machine.
pensators. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the reg-
ulator itself will be a malor factor affecting voltage Again turn the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START
regulation. dial towards zero until the limit detector current is
10 ma. If the signal cannot be increased from zero by
GAIN MEASUREMENTS turning the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial to
zero, the limit polarity may be reversed. Reverse the
The automatic regulator gain should be checked only primary connections of transformer E3T (Figure 13).
when it is thought that the system is not operating Repeat the test previously described to determine if
properly. If the gain is to be checked, it will be nec- reverse limit-detector current can be obtained by
essary to use a laboratory type meter to measure turning the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial
the change in voltage on the secondary of the PT; the towards zero. THIS TEST MUST GIVE PROPER RE-
ratio of change in voltage across points Al4 and Al3 SULTS BEFORE FURTHER TESTS ARE CONDUCTED.
(See Figure 13) to the voltage change at the P’l! sec- If the limit signal-current had en initial value that
ondary is the gain of the SCR circuit. The voltage went to zero as the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START
across Al4 and A13 is the output of the SCR circuit. dial setting was reduced, the input to the limit amplifier
must be reversed. If the regulator output increased,
SYSTEM SELF-COMPENSATION the limit DC output is reversed. Reverse the con-
nections between the limit amplifier and the first stage
It is necessary to determine the degree of self-compen- amplifier of the automatic regulator. Repeat the pre-
sation of this system to be certain that the linear reac- viously described tests to obtain proper results.
tors are set at the best taps. This can be done by meas-
uring the value of current through the SCT control wind- With the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial so set
ing at no-load and at full load, rated power factor. The that the regulator output has been reduced slightly,
degree-of-correction (DOC) is the change in control cur- turn the POWER RECALIBRATION switch from point 0
rent divided by the no-load value of control current. If toward point 9. If the AC machine is delivering power,
the control current decreases from no-load to full load regulator output should decrease as the POWER RE-
the system is under-compounded. If the current in- CALIBRATION switch is turned toward point 9.
creases, the system is over -compounded. Changing
the linear reactors to a higher reactance tap causes in- Turn the POWER RECALIBRATION switch to 0. Re-
creased compensation, i. e., it tends to over-compound adjust the regulator output to 60 volts with the RE-
the system. CHANGE TAPS ON ALL THREE RE- ACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial. Before pro-
ACTORS. ceeding further with the test on the underexcited re-
active limit circuit, it is necessary to check the po-
UNDEREXCITED REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT (If larity of the LIMIT stabilizing circuit. Carefully dis-
Furmshed) connect one of the exciter voltage stabilizing leads from
the LIMIT amplifier and short the stabilizing input
Limit Polarity terminals on the LIMIT amplifier. This should cause
the regulator output to decrease. Replacing the pri-
After satisfactory operation of the regulator has been mary lead should cause the regulator output to increase.
obtained, the reactive-ampere limit should be tested. Do not proceed with the underexcrted reactive-ampere
Reconnect the limit amplifier to the regulator, set limit tests until the polarity of the limit stabilizer is
the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT POWER RECALIBRA- correct.
TION switch at zero and the REACTIVE AMPERE
LIMIT START dial at its highest numbered position. Turn the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial to
its highest reading. Readjust the regulator output to
83SR** should be disabled so that the regulator re- 60 volts with 90R4 (or 90R2). Operate the AC machine
mains in Manual. Connect the test resistor furnished at normal voltage and with underexcited reactive cur-
loose with the URAL panel to terminals Al3 and Al4 rent. Remove the test resistor and then energize
of the automatic regulator. This resistor 1s necessary 83SR** so that the regulator transfers to automatic.
in order for the regulator to supply enough current for With 90R4 (or 90R2) readjust the output for the same
the SCR’s to conduct properly. Connect a voltmeter normal voltage and underexcited current. Slowly turn
across Al3 and Al4 and adjust the automatic regulator the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial toward
output for about 60 volts. zero. The regulator output should decrease end the
13
GEX-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

exciter voltage should increase causing the under- should be impossible to raise the underexcited re-
excited reactive current to decrease. The dial setting active current appreciably above the previously re-
at which the uuderexcited reactive current starts to corded value no matter how far the automatic-regula-
decrease is the limit-start point. If the operation is tor voltage adjuster is turned in the direction to lower
not as described, immediately remove the regulator voltage.
from control of the AC machine excitation by dis-
abling 83SR**. Repeat the limit polarity tests. Do This completes the preliminary adjustment of the
not proceed further until satisfactory operation is LIMIT. Final adjustment can be made at any time.
obtained.
Final Adjustment of The Underexcited Reactive-Am-
With 83SR** energized, the test resistor disconnected, pere Limit
and the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial at
the limit start point, observe the exciter voltmeter The final adjustment of the LIMIT may be made by use
and the AC machine ammeter for signs of oscillation. of Figure 10 and 11, unless special calibration data
If oscillations of the reactive current appear, remove are supplied with the equipment.
the automatic-regulator from control of the machine
excitation. Adjust the resistance in series with the The limit-start adjustment is determined from Fig-
exciter LIMIT stabilizing capacitors in 15 percent ure 10. This graph shows the value of the machine
steps, first in the direction to decrease resistance current-transformer secondary underexcited reactive
and then in the direction to increase resistance. After current which will cause the LIMIT to operate as a
each of these adjustments repeat the procedure for function of dial setting and normal AC machine po-
putting the LIMIT in service as previously described, tential-transformer secondary voltage. Values of
being very careful to observe exciter voltage oscillation voltages differing from those shown on the graph may
and reactive-current oscillations. However, if the be easily interpolated. The Power-Recalibrating
LIMIT still is unstable after the full range of re- Reactor adjustment is shown in Figure 11. This curve
sistance has been tried, the exciter stabilizer cap- shows the amount by which the limit-start point will be
acitors on the LIMIT amplifier should be added and reduced below the limit-start adjustment ae a function
disconnected one at a time, After each change the of machine current-transformer secondary active
resistance should be adjusted in the same manner as Current for various values of the tap-switch (EISW
previously described. Capacitors should be changed 9etting .
only when the machine has no voltage on it. The two following examples are given to Illustrate the
method of setting the LIMIT.

NOTE EXAMPLE 1. It is required that the LIMIT should

start to function when the under excited reactive-cur -
TEST RESISTOR MUST BE DISCON- rent input to the LIMIT reaches four amperes and that
NECTEDBEFOREOPERATINGTHE the LIMIT action be independent of the power com-
THE REGULATOR IN AUTO. ponent of current. The normal voltage on the sec-
ondary of the AC machine potential transformers is
After stable operation of the LIMIT has been obtained, 110 volts.
check the LIMIT operation as follows with the re-
gulator in control of AC machine excitation. Move Figure 10 indicates that for an underexcited reactive
the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial to the current of four amperes, the REACTIVE AMPERE
limit-start point. Record the reactive current. De- LIMIT START dial should be set at approximately
crease the underexcited reactive-ampere load on the 47. As can be seen from Figure 11, the tap switch
AC machine by operating the automatic-regulator on the power-recalibrating reactor must be set on
voltage adjuster to raise the voltage. The under- tap 0. since the LIMIT action is to be independent of
excited reactive current should decrease. It should the power component of current.
be possible to adjust the underexcited reactive cur-
rent to any value lower than it was at the limit-start EXAMPLE 2. It is desired to have the LIMIT start
point. Now increase the underexcited reactive cur- to function when the underexcited reactive-current in-
rent by turning the automatic -regulator voltage ad- put to the LIMIT reaches four amperes with zero
juster to lower the voltage, As the limit-start point active amperes, and when the underexcited reactive-
is passed, the exciter voltage should increase and it current input reaches three amperes with four active
amperes.

14
 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment GEK-147’72

SENSITIVITY RHEOSTAT (BIRH)

II YLAN coslTloll

0 ID 20 30 40 so 60 70 60
LIMIT-STMT DIK SLttlNQ

Figure 10. Calibration Curves For Reactive Ampere Limit Start Dial

Figure 10 indicates, that for an underexcited reactive In Figure 10, use the dial setting and the proper AC
current of four amperes, the REACTIVE AMPERE voltage curve to determine the value of underexcited
LIMIT START dial should be set at approximately 47. reactive current for which the LIhlIT is set. From
This satisfies the requirement at zero active amperes. this value, subtract the reactive smperes recali-
Now, the number of reactive amperes necessary to bration. The result should be essentially equal to the
start the limit at four active amperes must be reduced reactive amperes delivered to the limit if the test
by one reactive ampere to obtain the desired power has been carefully conducted.
recalibration. Therefore, in Figure 11, a value of
one reactive -ampere recalibration of the LIMIT and Set the LIMIT adjustments to the points which sre
four active amperes to the LIMIT, indicates that tap desired for final operation. If it is desired to check
switch EISW should set at tap 4. the adjustments, the following procedure may be
followed.
If desired, before making the final adjustment of the
LIMIT the calibration curves (Figure 10 and 11 may Place the automatic regulator in control of the AC
be checked in the following manner. machine excitation. Operate the machine at the
desired power load and at a reactive load which should
Place Power - Recalibrating Reactor tap switch RISW not cause LIMIT operation. Turn the automatic re-
on tap 8. Place the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT gulator voltage adjuster in the direction to lower volt-
START dial at its highest scale position. Put the auto- age until the LIMIT prevents further reduction in ma-
matic regulator in control of the AC machine excita- chine overexcited reactive current, or increase in
tion. With the AC machine carrying some convenient under excited reactive current. Deter mine the value of
power load at about unity power factor, move the reactive current and active current supplied by the
REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial slowly toward machine current transformer to the LIMIT.
zero. At some position of the dial, the LIMIT will
start to operate. This position ~11 be that which Knowing the AC machine voltage and the setting of
will just start to decrease the machine under-excited the REACTIVE AMPERE LIMIT START dial, deter-
reactive-current, or increase the overexcited re- mine the underexcited reactive current setting from
active current. Figure 10. Determine the underexcited reactive am-
pere recalibration from Figure 11. The result of
Determine the active and reactive amperes delivered subtracting the value of underexcited reactive am-
by the machme current transformer to the LIMIT. peres read in Figtie 11 from the value of underexcited
Draw a vertical line from the active-ampere scale reactive amperes read in Figure 10 will be essentially
point in Figure 11 to the curve for tap 8. Read the equal to the value of underexcited reactive current to
corresponding reactive amperes recalibration of the the LIMIT at the limit-start point.
LIMIT. and the setting of the REACTIVE AMPERE
LIMIT START dial.

15
GEK-14772 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

POWER
rp (61 ACTIVE OJRRENT (AMPERES - SECONDARY OF Cl)

SWITCH POSItlOW

NO.9

2.3 NO.6

NO.7

2 /! ! -V! I
NO.6

I
NO.3
t i i ii i i

NO.2

Figure 11. Calibration of Reactive-Ampere Power Recalibration Limit Circuit

NORMAL OPERATION disturbances if the excitation system should be sudden-

ly returned to manual control resulting in loss of the
General automatic regulator. It is suggested that this voltage
adjuster position be selected so that when the excitation
The complete voltage-regulator equipment should be system is under manual control, it will produce rated
placed in normal service with the AC machine only AC machine current. It is essential that under any
after the control circuits, regulators, and the re- sustained load condition, 90R0 must be set to main-
active current compensator have been properly tested tain sufficient excitation in the event of a sudden re-
in general conformance with the previous described turn to manual control.
instructions. Final adjustment of these units may,
of course, be delayed until operating experience The automatic regulator may be removed from service
has been obtained, but circuits which have not been and the AC machine excitation returned to manual con-
thoroughly tested must not be employed with the auto- trol under any load condition.
matic regulator in service if the possibilitiee of
damage to the equipment and disturbance of the system The proper adjustment of 90R5 is equally important
are to be avoided. when transferring fro.m “on-line” to “off-line” condition
and vice versa to prevent excessive generator armature
With the automatic regulator in control of the AC voltages.
machine excitation, the manual regulator voltage
adjuster 90R6 is ineffective. However, additional MAINTENANCE
excitation system reliability may be secured by pro-
per adjustment of 90R6 when the automatic regulator PPT’s end SCT!s
is in control of a AC machine excitation.
These devices normally require little or no mainte-
For this purpose, it is recommended that a pre- nance. It is suggested, however, that the air passages
determined position be such that the AC machine be inspected during shut down periods. Exposed con-
excitation will be sufficient under all normal loads, nections should be inspected for corrosion and tight-
give stable operation and avoid serious operating ness.
16
 Static Exciter -Regulator E iuipment GEE-147’72

STATIC EQUIPMENT An oscilloscope may also be used to check for an open

diode.
If vibration is present, all screw type connections
should be checked regularly. Normally, the static
components should require no further attention.
OTHER EQUIPMENT
v&s
All contactors and relays should be regularly inspected
and maintained in accordance with applicable instruc-
tions. The automatic and manual regulator voltage ad-
juster contact brushes should be inspected annually and Figure 12. Diode Test Circuit
the brushes should be reset by working them back and
forth across the total winding surface many times. If If it becomes necessary to replace a faulty diode, use
arcing is present, or ff brush becomes worn, a com- the following procedure:
plete brush assembly should be installed. Since it is
made of special material, it should be obtained from 1. Shut down the equipment.
the rheostat manufacturer. In addition, where dis-
coloration is present, clean the contact surface with 2. Discharge all capacitors in the AC machine
crocus cloth. field circuit.
Silicon diodes are used in the power circuit of the 3. Disconnect Ground Detecting relay.
static exciter. These diodes are not at this time known
to age; therefore, they are either good or should be 4. Remove diode.
replaced. Individual diodes can be checked as shown
in Figure 12. With switch in position 1, the ammeter 5. Screw in new diode after first apply@ a small
should read approximately 12 amperes. With switch amount of Wakefield type 120 thermal compound to
in position 2, the ammeter should read zero. The approximately the first three threads. Also apply
DC source should be a battery, rather than a rota- a little to the rectifier base. Refer to the manufacturers
exciter, since the latter may have voltage spikes that specifications for the required mounting torque.
may damage the diode.
If the diode is open, the ammeter will read zero in
both switch positions. If the diode is shorted, it will
read approximately 12 amps in both switch positions. RENEWAL PARTS
Bad diodes can be found with the equipment in sertice
with a voltmeter and a clamp-on ammeter. When ordering renewal parts, the following infor-
mation should be given.
The shorted diode can be found by measuring the in-
verse voltage across the diodes, since the shorted 1. Catalog number, stamped on the part, with a
diode will have no inverse voltage drop, and the other complete description, including use and locatlon.
diode in the leg will have all the inverse voltage drop.
2. Complete nameplate data appearing on the as-
The leg contslning an open diode can be found by sembly of which the part is a component.
clamping a clamp-on ammeter around one diode pig-
tail in each leg. Upon ascert&ning that an open diode 3. If possible, data on original order on which
exists in a leg the faulty diode can be found by shorting equipment was first supplied including all numerical
each individual diode in that leg. When current flows, references.
the open diode has been shorted.

17
GEK-147’72 Static Exciter-Regulator Equipment

TROUBlESHOOTiNG

.
SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE POSSIBLE CURE

Insufficient Flashing Current Short C3R

Shorted Power Diode Replace Diode

Voltage fails to build Insufficient Resistance in off - Increase C6R and/or 90R5
up after flashing (Regulator line control
on Manual. )
Loose Connections Tighten ALL Power Circuit
Connections

Excessive resistance in 90R5, Decrease C6R or 90R5

C6R, SCT circuit.
Incorrect PPT Secondary Check to see that PPT is on
Generator Armature voltage the correct tap.
Voltage goes to ceiling
after flashing (Regulator SCT control windings not Look for wiring error involving
on Manual.) in the circuit SCT control windings. Check
contacts of 83SR**
Insufficient Reactance in XfLS Change Taps

Incorrect Sensing Voltage Adjust A3P and A4P

Generator Armature Incorrect Zener Voltage Check Zener and replace if
Voltage goes to zero necessary,
after transfer to auto. Open Potentiometer X5P Check and replace if faulty.
Open diode Al 1D Check and replace if faulty.

Incorrect sensing voltage Adjust A3P and A4P

Incorrect Operation of 83SR Check and adjust or replace
Generator Armature
Voltage goes to ceiling Incorrect Zener Voltage Check and replace if necessary
(or higher than desired) Insufficient supply Voltage Check AlT
after transfer to Auto. to SCR’s
Faulty SCR Check output of regulator with
Oscilloscope and replace the SCR
if faulty.

Incorrect Stabilization Adjust A2P, A5R and/or A2C

Generator unstable at Feedback circuit connected Swap leads to Al5 and Al6
No-Load with wrong polarity
Excessive Gain 1 Increase Al P and/or A4R

Change in Gain caused Decrease Gain or Ambient

by Excessive Ambient Temperature
Generator unstable
at Load but stable at Change in Gain caused by Check control current as load is
No-Load Phasing Error between changed. If approaches zero or
SCT and PPT maximum, then check phasing of
PPT and SCT.

18
 ua
-
c

(X3)

I----- -e------J
Figure 13 - Typical Elementary Diagrams of 3S7501FS141
Static Exciter Regulator Equipment
(Sheet 1 of 4)
Figure 13 - Typical Elementary Diagrams of 3S75OlFS141
Static Exciter Regulator Equipment
(Sheet 2 of 4)
 I-4
N

I I ! 1
GEK- 14172 Static Exciter -Regulator Equipment

RECTIFIER, 490”, PI”, 3 IUPS DC, ,J*,,,EY,*D,

TRANSPORYER, “*“IABLE, I I%, INPUT, o-1‘0”.
OUTPUT, SO,60 CYCLE
TRAWSFORUER, IIW, PRI., II,‘,. SEC., 075 WA,
50/60 CYCLE
C*P*EImR. I “PD. 600 WDC
YFD 600 ““DC
R sdoo OHS, 50 mm
-u-d “ADO
ZENER DIODE, 36 VOLT I25 “A, 440212755.004
TRAHSF04YER, 2,o VoLt PRI., 160 VOLT SEC., 440,,40,5-00 I 0 WDC
ER, 130~. PRI., w2/69/3, SEE., 100w
RECTIFIERS, 4402l2741-009, C35E O/60 CYCLE
SIT”RIBLE REI\CTORS. 440219901-001 EICTOR. 2.5 HENRIES. LSX16585
REACTOR, 3950504P11, 20 H., 25 YA DC
9EICTOR ,,a2,06,5-001, 3.9 H., 375 “A DC
RHEOSTlt, 7, OH”, 75 lATl
RESISTOR, 100 OH”. 10 WTT
RES*S*OR, 4100 OH”, 10 UTT

RESISTOR. 10,ooll OH”, 10 MT1

RESISTOR, 22 000 OH”, IO lAT1
RESISTOR I do0 OH” 10 .ATT
RESISTOR: do OH”, lo *ATT
RESISTOR, 200 OH”, 20 WATT
RESTSTOR, 1,200 OH”, 20 “lTT
POTENTIOYETER, 5000 OH”, 50 VATT
POTEHTIOUETER, IO 000 OHY, 50 lATT
POTENTIOYETER, 254 OH”, 25 WATT
POTENTIOMETER, 250 OH”, 25 UTT
POTEHTrnYETER, 75 OH”, 25 “ATT
POTENT~OOYETER, 2 OH”, 75 #ATT
CIPACITOR, 50 “PD., 600 WDC
I” - “ASTEA CONTROL RELAY-TIYE DEL*”
CAPACrrOR, IO YPD., 600 l”OC
CAPACITOR, 20 YFB., 600 *“DC
22 - EYCTTER “OLTAOE TIUER
RECffFIER, IN1697
RECTTPIER, II 12os* 2EX - A”Y. RELAY TO 2E
REICTOR, ,,S219991-PO,, I.5 H., 200 “I DC
P”S”0”TrON, CRIO4A0IOZ
, - UASTER COWTROL RELAY
440209431
44820,157 ,,HAX - PICKUP LT 50% SPEED, DROPO”T AT 25% SPEED

,4Hux - PICKUP AT 20% SPEED, DROPOUT AT 2% SPEED

I‘“% - PICKUP 4, 95% SPEED, NORUAL TRW AT 75%

SPEED it CUTS OFF PVC‘. IUYEDIATE DROWUT
i12OHI*DI ON ELlEROEHCY TRIP.

I,%” - PZCKUP IT 9,s SPEED, DROPOUT *T 90% SPEED

210 - OENERATOR “bDER”OLTAGE RELAY

520x - OENERATOR BREAKER 4”XILllRY RELlY

59E - 0”ER”OLTAOE RELlY

96c - GENERLTOR DIFFERENTIAL RUlY

am - TRANSFORUEP DIFFERENTlAL RELAY

94 - PICKVP ON bORY*L SHUTWIN

9354 - “OLTNX RECUUTOR CONTROL - TRIHSFER REUY

E IS0 10 POSITION TAP SlITCH

RESTSTOR, 200 OHYS, I30 UATTS
:AY2* RESISTOR, 9.6 OHMS
RESISTOR, io,ooo OHYS, 95 I*TTS -lEL
RESISTOR, 20
246 000owa, OHYS04 95
IITTS SLTTS
+ - TP USED
RESISTOR, 47 OHYS, 20 WTTS
- INSTRWENT TRAHSFORYERS ARE SHo”N COHHECTED
4ESISTOR, 510 OHYS, 95 IATTS cl3
RESISTOR. 390 OHUS ES \1*ns FOR PHlSE SEQUENCE 1-2-3. IF OENERATOR “15
4EfTSTOR, ,OOJ OHYS, 95 **rrs ;;W”,~“’ PHASE SEQUENCE, REVERSE CT SECONDARY
EVR
E IC,EZC CAPACITOR, o., WI. 2000 ““DE
:: I-E3Cg CAPACIIOR,
CAPACITOR, 30 IIFD,
500 YFD, 600
250 l”DC
‘Iwc
* - YorF”RNTSHED 8” O.E. co.. I*YNESsoRO
:;;2;gc3 C*P*CITOR IO “PD 600 ““DC
H.S. - INDICATES ST”0 ENP OF RECTrFIER CONNECTED TO
PorrNrmuhER, sod OHUS, 50 #AlTS, lIRE SOUND
POmtTIOUETES, 2500 OHMS, 50 w*ns, rlRE lOUNO “EIT smx.
E3Pi
POTENTlOYETER, 300 OHUS, 50 1ATTS, lfRE IOUND
POTENTIOUETER, 150 OHMS, 5C "ATTS, *IRE MUNO @ - INDICAlES CdSTOYER’S ?ER”*N*L SQARP CONnECTION
:::’
POTENTIOYETER IOK OHUS, 50 *ATiS, "IRE YO"ILD
VCTIFIER, 3d”, PI”, I.25 *UPS IX, 6RSZIPD61CF
RECTIFIER, s!“, PI”, 1.25 &UPS DC, 6RS25PDI*DFI
SECTIPIER, 490”, PI”, 3 AMPS OC, *J*4IlESl*Dl

Figure 13 - Typical Elementary Diagrams of 3S7501FS141

Static Exciter Regulator Equipment
(Sheet 4 of 4)

22
NOTES
ALABAZUA LoulSlMA OKLAHOMA
t Blrminghpm 35205 . . 2151 Hlghlwd Aw. + BaWn ROU@ 7OaO5. . a312 Flortda Blvd. .t OWckoms. CLN 13106. . 2000 C&se,, Blvd.
*t : Mobtle 38808. . 1111 S.Beltlhe HIghway *t t Sew Orle#.“s 70125. . 4147 Euharr BLvd. + l-ulna 74 105 P 0. Box 7646, Soutkaldr St&
.r Shreveport 71104 . 2620 Cente”u’y Btvd.
ALASKA + Mmroe 11201 . . . . . 1028 Sortk 6th St.
t OREGON
Anckwpse 99601. . . . . 115 Whttnay Rd.
E”g*rl* 91401 . . . . . . . . 1170 PewI St.
MARYLAND
* : t Portland 97216 . . . . . , . a929 NW 29th Ave.
ZIZONA *t t BUtmore Zl201 . . . . 1 N. Chu’laa St.
PkcmnlX 85012 . . 3550 N. Central Ave.
t Tucmn BS718. . . . . : : .151 S.Tuc~n Bl”d. htAS3ACliUSETTS
PENNSYLVANlA
. Ahntom 18102 . . . . . . 1444 Hamilton St.
*t t Welmlay 021s 1 . . . . 1 Wa~ktqtrm St.
*tt Phllad~lpkla 19102 . . . 3 PI”” Cmur Plus
ARKANSAS
+ *+ Ptttabvrgk 15222 , .300 Etk Avenue Bldy.
Jorti Llttla Rack 72119. . . . .lZO MaIn St.

cAL1FatNIA
F*T” Dbtroit la202 . . . . . 100 AntoLnltte
JOCkSOn 49201 . . . . . . a10 W. FrMtln
St
St. SOUTH CAROLETA
‘t t LOI Ax&es 90054 . . . . , .211 N. VLE,,., St. : S#nprW Pm307 t t Columbln 29204 . . . 2100 MLddlcbvrg Dr.
t Palo Alto 91303 . . . . . 960 EM Anwnto Rd. t Greentill. 299001. . 41 No. Plwr,r,tkurS Dr.
,.... . 1908 Second National Bnak Bl@.
t sacrnmenm 95808.. . . . . . 2407 J St.
t 98,. DleSo 92105 . . . . . . . . 2560 First AM. TENNEXiEE
. f San mnct8cO Mll9. . . . 53 mtinrne St. MDWESOTA
Duluth 55802 . . 300 W. Sup&or S,. *t cmttaMoSn31411
. Vernon 90068. . . . . . . 3055 E. 44tk St. Tf
*tt Mtrmeq.dL~ 55416 1500 Ltl?c Drtw So. +
. ..*...*. 5800 Bldg, Eugata C~nt.r
Xemphia 39130. . . . .a385 Air-y, Blvd.
COLORADD
MIsSCUR
*t Denwr 80200. . . . . . 201 Unlverslty Blvd. ?!xxAs
*t Kansas cuy e4199. . . . . . . 911 &Ml St.
*+ 'T Amullto 79101 . . . . , . . , .303 Polk St.
CONNECTICUT SL LO”,S 83101 . . . . . .lOlJ LLxUst St
*tr Be~uxmnt 71704 . . . . . 1385 Catd.r Am
-+ Marlden 06450. . . . . . . 1 Prestige Dr.
MONTANA : t t Corpus Ckrtltl76401. . 205 N. Chaparral St.
t Butte 59701 . . . . . . . 103 N.wyombg St. Dalm 75222 . . a101 stammon. Rdway
FLORIDA *t El Pam TO945 . . . . . . . 215 N.StPnton
tr Jacksontitle 32203 . . . 4WO W.,Od”,c.k Dr.
NEBRASU t Fort Word, 76102 . . . 406 w. SS”wdk St.
+t Yiami 33134 . . . . . 4100 W. FL%gler St.
-t Omaha 49102 . . . . . 409S.17tkSt. *tt Hou8tm 7’7027 . . . . 4219 Rlckmond Ave.
‘T r Tampa 33609.. . . . . 2100 9. Lo,8 Ave.
t San Antnnm 78204 . . . . 434 S. Man St
GEORGIA
Lltttkurn 07O41. . . . . . . . 25 E.Wtllow St. UTAH
*t t Atlanta 30309. . .1860 PePcktrea Rd., NW
tt Sam31405 . . . . .5092 Paulaen St. t Salt L&e City 84111 . . 431 S. Tklrd East St.
NEW YORK
HAWAII tt Albany 12205. . . 15 computer Drive. west
Buffalo 14209 . . . . d25 Delaware Ave. VIRGINIA
*+ t HoMlulu 96813 . . . . . 440 Coral Sk *tt
- t I x New York 10022 . . 641 Lemn@~n A”& - r Nervport NeurS 23501 . . . . 311 MIln St.
ILLINOIS . Rockester 14404 , . . . . . . 89 East Ave. Rtckmond 23230 1508 wulc.w Lawn Dr.
640 s. cnnal St. * * * 8yracuse 13206 . . .3532 k&mea St :* Roanoke 24015 . 2018 Colonml Ave.
* t f X CklcaSo SO880 . . .

WDlANA NORTH CAROLINA WASHINGTON

Ennsnlle 4,705 . 2709 Wzrhlngtcn Ave. *tt Chwlotte 28207 _ . , 141 Prondence Rd *et Seattle 98188
. . . . . 112 MdoYBr Put East, Tumvlla
: Fort Wayne 4680’7 . 3806s calko”” St. WU”d”gtO”
*t lndtanapolte 48207 . 3750 N. Meridtm St. Reigelwocd 38456. . . . . P 0 BOX 188 T spolanc 99202 . . . . E. 1805 Rent A”%

IOWA OHIO WEST YIRGEHA

t Davenprt 32505 *+ Cinctnnatt 452.06. . . 2621 Vtctorv Plnuy. *t Charleston 25326 .3OE MacCorkle Ave., SE
. . . P 0. Box 830. 1039 Skate St.. Bettetiorf *tr Cleveland 44104 . . 1000 Lakemde Aye.
ColumkuS 43229. . . 1110 mrae Rd. WISCONSM
T&do43606 . . . . . 31’25 DouglasRd. . *ppk2an 54911 3003 west College Dr
KENlVCKY :*
t IAuisvIue 4oa18 . . 2300 Meadow Dr. + Youngstuwn 44507. . . 272 lndtznota Ave. t t M~lwa”liee 53202 . $15 E %X,ekt$an St

GENERAL ELECTRIC SERVICE SHOPS

WHEN YOU NEED SERVICE These GE Sertice Shops wttl repzw. re- tses. Latest faerory methods and Senume GE renewa, parts zre wed to
condttlon. md rebuild your eteetrlc apparmus. The fac~ltttes are avarlable mat”tain perlormance oi you* Equipment. For iuu ,nformarlon *boutthese
day and night, seven days a week, for work 8” the shops or on your Prem- servlce8. mntact “““r nearesr VJrvlce *Ilop or Sales m,ce

ALABAMA LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA

. - Blrm,nghm 35211 . .1500 Mims Ave. ,S.W. . mom Rouge 70814 . 10955 Nor* Dual a. - TYLY 74146. . . 5220 s. 100th East AYe.
. M~oktle 36608. . . . . . . 721 Lakeside Dr. . * New Orleans 70114. . 1115 DeArmas St.
OREGON
ARIZONA MARYLAND l Eugelle 07402 . . . . . . . 570 wuson St.
l ,Pkoen!xl Glen&& 85019.4011 W.Colter St. l * Baltimore 21230 . . . 930 E. Fort Ave. l * Portland 97210 . 2727 Yw 29tk AYC.
l Phoenix 85019 . 36.40 w clarendon St.
l Tucson 65113 . : 2942
. So.PB1” Verde Ave. PENLSYLVANIA
0 Allentom 18103 . . . 668 E. Hi6klar.d St.
. . . . . . . . 3964 Mystic Valley Pkwy ’ IDetlu%re Valley)Ckercy H,lI N J OS034
CALIFORNIA
l Los Ar&an $0301 5900 Stanford A”e . . . . . . . . 1190 E.~larlta” Pike
MICHIGAN l JOhnstown 15802 . . .
l (Lm .b&es) Anakelm s3805 a41 oak St.
l * _ (Detrwtl Rlvervlew. . 18075 Kravse Ave.
. . . . . . . . . 3601 E. LzPalms. Ave. l Pklladelphta 19124 1040 Esst Erie Ave.
. FHnt 4a505 1506 E carpenter 84.
* (LOS AngelOSl klgtewxd 90301 l * lPtDIlb”rgk, West MlIflin 15122
. . . . . . . 228 W. Florence Ave. . . 4430 Butterlmlk “allow Rd
MINNESOTA
. sacrament0 $5814 , . . , 99 North 17tk St. l York 17403 . . . . . . 54 N Harrison St
. hrlutk 5580, ,5Oti A”e W & StL.o”,s Bay
l * (San Franetsco, &kb‘“d 94608 . * ~lt”neapol,s 55430 2025 49th A”e. ,N SOUTH CAROLINA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1650 34tk St.
l iCkarlss‘,r.i No ChYlerton 28401
. . 2*90 Debunmr at.
COLORADQ . - l‘mazs City 64120 . 3525 Gardner A”%
. * Denver 80205. . . . . . . . 3353 Lar‘mer St. . - 3‘ LO”,S 63110 1115 East Rd TEBNESSEE
9 Knoxnlle 57914
CONNECTICUT 5EW JERSEY . 3621 Governor Jokn &tiler Hwy.
l * :ao”thingto”, PlMtsnlle 06419 * New munswlCk 08902 3 Laurence at. .
9 ulempmr 3810, 708 Ncrdl vatn St.
. . . . . . 370 Atwater St
YEW 3IExICO
FLORrnA l 4Lhuquerque an09 1420 ‘.lcLeod Rd. ?iE Beaumont xi05 1490 W Cardinal Dr.
l * Jack%nnlle 32203 . 2020 w Beaver St. Corpus Cknsh 78401 115 waen St.
‘JEW YORK
l ~Mtaml, lialeak 33010 1062 Easi 28tk St. Dallas 75235 3202 Manor way
. 4lbany 13205 1091 Cenvat Ave
l * T~mpl33601 . . . l%h&GrxXSts Houston 11036 5534 Harvey Wtlsan Or
. - ~Butfalo, Tonawanda 14150 115 Yilens Rd
HOUSID” 77036 . 6916 Harwt” Dr
GEORGL,
l iLong Island)
. I . .
Old B&page tlSO4
163 BetkpaSe-Sweet Hollow Rd
. &I,dland 79101 . 704 s J”nnsta” st.
l ,AthB, Ckunblee 3034 1 . w?w York Cltyl AOlTk Bergen N. J 01012
5035 Peachtree Indutrtal-Blvd. UTAH
.,, . . 8001 Tomeue iwe.
* AtI%,= . . . . 2319 John Glen” Dr. * * Salt Lake City 84110 301 s 7tk west St.
- isew York Cuyl’Cl& N d. 07012
9 Brighton Bd.
ILLOIOIS VmGniM
* _ %kenecmdy 12365 . 1 Rl”W Rd.
. * Chicago 50835 . 6045 S.Nofflngham Ave. q * R,ekmond 23224 . 1403 Ingram AYe.
0 avracuse 13208 . 1015 E.H,avafha BLti
- Roan& 24013 1004 ruver A”%, SE
NDWiA >ORTH CAROLNA
l Evans”lllle 47111 401 N Congress AYL . * Charlotte 28208 . 2323 Tknft Rd WASHTNGTON
. Ft Wayne 46803. 1731 Edsalt AYe. . * Seattle 96134 5422 Fuw Ave.. sourk
l Hammond 46320 1138 leak Place mm l Spokane 99211 E 4323 MlSS”” St
. * nldwnap01,s 46222 . ‘1140 w Vermont 51. . .A!uon lCamo”l 44720
i900 Wki~le &“e S Ik WEST VDIGDU
IOWA * * Ci&matt 46202 .444 West 3rd St . * ckar,est”n 25328 .306 WacCaWe A”e SE
l Dx”eqmrt, Battendorl 52122 1025 State St .*- Geveland 44126 . . 4471 East 49th St
. Columbus43228 . . mo Bunfley ti. WISCONSIN
KENTUCKY * * T&d043605 405 Dearoorn Ave . ~ppteto”, Menasha 54910 Ii25 il?.cme 3.
l LoulsfUe 40209 . . 3900 Crlttenden Dn”e * Yo”ngstow” 44507 272 E. Indianon Ave. * i1,iwrulue 53201 235 W Okh,numa Ave.

! . ELecP,cai,,,eckan,ul Sernce Shop * hstrumenetlon Shop - Spec~ll Uan”laCt”n~ Shop

2-72 17501
DRIVE SYSTEMS PRODUCT DEPARTMENT
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, WAYNESBORO, VIRGINIA 22980