TASK 1

PRESENTATION PLAN 1

TITLE : Effective Communication in Workplace

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 REASON FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

2.1 To the Individual
 Client Relations
 Job Satisfaction
 Saving Time
 Clarity
 Chances For Promotion

2.2 To the Organization

 Helps with Diversity
 Global Business
 Team Building
 Employee Morale

3.0 SUGGESTIONS
3.1 Ways to Ensure that Communication is Done Effectively
 Develop Basic Skills
 Feedback
 Monthly Meetings
 Clarity and Brevity

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  Use Technology

3.2 Ways to Develop Effective Groups In Organizations

 Listening
 Non-Verbal Communication
 Managing Stress
 Emotional Awareness

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 WRITTEN REVIEW 1

Effective communication takes preparation, practice, and persistence. There are

many ways to learn communication skills; the school of experience, or “hard knocks,” is
one of them. But in the business environment, a “knock” (or lesson learned) may come
at the expense of your credibility through a blown presentation to a client. The
classroom environment, with a compilation of information and resources such as a text,
can offer you a trial run where you get to try out new ideas and skills before you have to
use them to communicate effectively to make a sale or form a new partnership.
Listening to yourself, or perhaps the comments of others, may help you reflect on new
ways to present, or perceive, thoughts, ideas and concepts. The net result is your
growth; ultimately your ability to communicate in business will improve, opening more
doors than you might anticipate.
As you learn the material in this text, each part will contribute to the whole. The
degree to which you attend to each part will ultimately help give you the skills,
confidence, and preparation to use communication in furthering your career.
We all share a fundamental drive to communicate. Communication can be
defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning. You share meaning in
what you say and how you say it, both in oral and written forms. If you could not
communicate, what would life be like? A series of never-ending frustrations? Not being
able to ask for what you need or even to understand the needs of others?
Being unable to communicate might even mean losing a part of yourself, for you
communicate your self-concept—your sense of self and awareness of whom you are—
in many ways. Do you like to write? Do you find it easy to make a phone call to a
stranger or to speak to a room full of people? Perhaps someone told you that you don’t
speak clearly or your grammar needs improvement. Does that make you more or less
likely to want to communicate? For some, it may be a positive challenge, while for
others it may be discouraging. But in all cases, your ability to communicate is central to
your self-concept.
Take a look at your clothes. What are the brands you are wearing? What do you
think they say about you? Do you feel that certain styles of shoes, jewelry, tattoos,

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music, or even automobiles express who you are? Part of your self-concept may be that
you express yourself through texting, or through writing longer documents like essays
and research papers, or through the way you speak.
On the other side of the coin, your communications skills help you to understand
others—not just their words, but also their tone of voice, their nonverbal gestures, or the
format of their written documents provide you with clues about who they are and what
their values and priorities may be. Active listening and reading are also part of being a
successful communicator.
Effective communication is a vital tool for any business owner. Your success at
getting your point across can be the difference between sealing a deal and missing out
on a potential opportunity.
You should be able to clearly explain company policies to customers and clients
and answer their questions about your products or services. It is crucial to communicate
effectively in negotiations to ensure you achieve your goals.
Communication is also important within the business. Effective communication can help
to foster a good working relationship between you and your staff, which can in
turn improve morale and efficiency.

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 PRESENTATION PLAN 2

TITLE : HAZARD AWARENESS AT WORKPLACE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 OBJECTIVE

3.0 TYPES OF HAZARDS

4.0 HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

4.1 Enggineering Control

4.2 Administrative Controls

4.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Controls

5.0 HAZARD AND CAUTION SIGNS

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 WRITTEN REVIEW 2

Occupational accidents are accidents that occur in spatial, chronological and

causal connection with the insured occupation or training course. Also covered are
accidents occurring in association with access ways and other activities related to the
insured occupation or training course.

Some accidents that involve persons who do not actually have accident
insurance are defined as occupational accidents. These include accidents that occur
when rescuing another person at risk of death or during blood donation, and accidents
that occur to members and affiliated members of relief agencies while they are
deployed.

People working in different types of job obviously face a range of different

hazards. An accident is an unwanted event that is never scheduled or planned. Many
factors contribute to accidents occurrence; significant losses and even bodily injury can
result following each incident. These basic facts are well understood, yet accidents
continue to occur, property damage accumulates, work schedules remain interrupted,
and injuries reduce personal income.

The most commonly cited workplace hazards involved in accidents/illness were

manual handling, sitting for long periods and the handling of harmful substances More
than 2 million people believed that their current or previous type of work had caused
them to suffer an illness or made a previous illness worse.

All accidents are caused. They are the result of human error, and they involve
unsafe behavior or an unsafe condition, or a combination of both. Process
improvement opportunities are always identified following an accident, and prompt
corrective measures are scheduled. Unfortunately, the inherent ability of the
environment or behavior that initially caused the accident is seldom addressed in its
entirety. Thus, we wait for the next accident in order to identify the next required
corrective action. Hindsight has future value, but only after the accident occurs. The
opposite of hindsight is foresight. With foresight, you identify accident potentials; with
hindsight, you investigate accidents. Let us consider the value of each.

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 TASK 2 - WRITTEN ASSESMENT / REPORT

QUESTIONS
1 Describe when you would use the following presentation methods.
Verbal Presentation

A verbal presentation is a great tool to establish and extend your business. But a
random extempore must be avoided. A full preparation with multiple rehearsals is what
makes a speech attractive and purposive.

Video Presentation

Presentation programs for preparing and delivering online video presentations have a
place in educational instruction. They enable presentation of teaching materials in the
form of a slide show. Among such packages Microsoft PowerPoint is the most widely
used in instructional contexts.
Storyboards

A storyboard is a visual outline for your video. It's made up of a series of thumbnail
images that convey what happens in your video, from beginning to end. It also includes
notes about what's happening in each frame. A finished storyboard looks like a comic
strip. Storyboards can be simple or complex.

2 Detail 5 different presentation aids, and how they can benefit your
presentation.
Charts

A chart is commonly defined as a graphical representation of data (often numerical) or a

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sketch representing an ordered process. Whether you create your charts or do research
to find charts that already exist, it is important for them to exactly match the specific
purpose in your speech.

Graphs

Strictly speaking, a graph may be considered a type of chart, but graphs are so widely
used that we will discuss them separately. A graph is a pictorial representation of the
relationships of quantitative data using dots, lines, bars, pie slices, and the like. Graphs
show the variation in one variable in comparison with that of one or more other
variables. Where a statistical chart may report the mean ages of individuals entering
college, a graph would show how the mean age changes over time. A statistical chart
may report the amount of computers sold in the United States, while a graph will show
the breakdown of those computers by operating systems such as Windows, Macintosh,
and Linux. Public speakers can show graphs using a range of different formats. Some
of those formats are specialized for various professional fields. Very complex graphs
often contain too much information that is not related to the purpose of a student’s
speech. If the graph is cluttered, it becomes difficult to comprehend.

Representations

In the world of presentation aids, representations is the word used to classify a group of
aids designed to represent real processes or objects. Often, speakers want to visually
demonstrate something that they cannot physically bring with them to the speech.
Maybe you’re giving a speech on the human brain, and you just don’t have access to a
cadaver’s brain. Instead of bringing in a real brain, you could use a picture of a brain or
an image that represents the human brain. In this section we’re going to explore four
common representations: diagrams, maps, photographs, and video or recordings.

Diagrams

Diagrams are drawings or sketches that outline and explain the parts of an object,
process, or phenomenon that cannot be readily seen. Like graphs, diagrams can be

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considered a type of chart, as in the case of organization charts and process flow
charts.

Maps

Maps are extremely useful if the information is clear and limited. There are all kinds of
maps, including population, weather, ocean current, political, and economic maps, but
you should be able to find the right kind for the purpose of your speech. Choose a map
that emphasizes the information you need to deliver.

3 Describe 2 different evaluation techniques you could use to evaluate

your presentation. State the benefits of each techniques detailed.
Action research
This is a type of informal, qualitative, interpretive, reflective and experimental
methodology where participants collaborate in order to bring about positive change.

Focus group interviews

These is an unstructured group interview technique where generally 8 to 12 people are
brought together, under the guidance of a trained interviewer, to focus on a specific
concept, product, or subject. The group dynamics generate ideas and provide insights
into audience reactions and perceptions.

4 Describe the benefits and limitations of the following presentation

strategies.
Case Studies
Benefits Limitations
Their flexibility: case studies are popular The challenge of generality: At the same
for a number of reasons, one being that time, given their specificity, care needs to

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they can be conducted at various points be taken when attempting to generalise
in the research process. Researchers are from the findings. While there’s no
known to favour them as a way to inherent flaw in case study design that
develop ideas for more extensive precludes its broader application, it is
research in the future – pilot studies often preferable that researchers choose their
take the form of case studies. They are case study sites carefully, while also
also effective conduits for a broad range basing their analysis within existing
of research methods; in that sense they research findings that have been
are non-prejudicial against any particular generated via other research designs. No
type of research – focus groups are just design is infallible but so often has the
as welcome in case study research as claim against case studies been made,
are questionnaires or participant that some of the criticism (unwarranted
observation. and unfair in many cases) has stuck.

Capturing reality: One of their key Suspicion of amateurism: Less partisan

benefits is their ability to capture ‘lived researchers might wonder whether the
reality’. As they put it, case studies have case study offers the time and finance-
the potential, when applied successfully, strapped researcher a convenient and
to ‘retain more of the “noise” of real life pragmatic source of data, providing
than many other types of research’. The findings and recommendations that, given
importance of ‘noise’ and its place in the nature of case studies, can neither be
research is especially important in confirmed nor denied, in terms of utility or
contexts such as education, for example veracity.
in schools where background noise is
unavoidable. Educational contexts are
always complex, and as a result it is
difficult to exclude other unwanted
variables, ‘some of which may only have
real significance for one of their students’.

Demonstrations
Benefits Limitations

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You can purposefully demonstrate why Demonstrations within visual art usually
NOT to do something. require equipment and some
organizations might not have these
resources.

Activates prior knowledge from previous Your materials and tools might not work
lessons. and you might have technical difficulties.

Discussions
Benefits Limitations
Spirit of tolerance is inculcated. Those with poor writing skills are
disadvantaged.
Learning is made interesting. Lack of facial cues can lead to
misunderstanding.
Group and / or pair work
Benefits Limitations
Gives learners more speaking time. Decision making takes time.

Gives them a sense of achievement when No Individual thinking.

reaching a team goal.

Questioning
Benefits Limitations
Response choice can clarify the question May not have the exact answer the
text for the respondent. respondent wants to give.

Improves consistency of responses. Respondents may select answers most

similar to true response, even though it is
different.

Simulations and Role Play

Benefits Limitations
When an individual participates in a role- Role-play and simulation take a lot of time

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 playing scenario, she is demonstrating especially if they include preparation and
the way that she would actually handle a follow-up work. It also depends on the
similar situation in real life. Role playing ability of the class to perform the tasks.
allows much of the hypothetical nature of The teacher thus has to know the class
training to be removed, so that the leader well so as to assign the workers activities
of the session can see how staff react to suit their abilities. Time constraints are
and can make notes on each employee’s especially felt in examination classes
level of competence. Trainers can work which have a set syllabus to follow and to
with individuals on their particular complete.
weaknesses.

For role-play and simulation to be The lack of space and the large number
successful, 100% participation from the of workers can make the organization of
workers should take place. The the activities difficult. Noise level will also
discussions require a great deal of mental be high especially, if the size of the
activity as each workers tries to express workplace is small thus making
himself to show his understanding and to concentration difficult. Monitoring of the
relate what is being said with his own different groups may also be a problem.
opinions. Thus opportunities to generate
language use arise.

5 List and describe 4 different regulatory obligations you must follow in

when preparing for and delivering presentations within your workplace.
Each item must cover a different legislative / regulatory obligation.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Your legal obligations to provide a safe work environment for your employees arise
primarily from a federal law known as the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH
Act). OSHA was enacted in 1970 to address the uneven patchwork of state laws
regarding workplace safety, and to respond to the growing number of serious injuries
and deaths occurring in the workplace. OSHA is administered by the Department of

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Labor under the direction of the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety
and Health.

Education Act 2004

This Act is relevant to those organisations providing services to schools. It outlines the
principles of high-quality education, and regulates non government schools.

Associations Incorporation Act 1991

Incorporation is voluntary. It is a system of registration that gives organisations legal

status and places certain legal responsibilities upon them. It is suggested that groups
considering incorporation review the legislation and associated supporting information
before making a decision to incorporate.

Discrimination Act 1991

The principle purposes are to eliminate, as far as possible, discrimination and sexual
harassment, and to promote recognition and acceptance within the community of the
principle of equality of opportunity for all people and the equality of men and women.

According to this Act it is an offence to discriminate against someone in recruitment,

employment, training or provision of services on the basis of the groups specified in the
Act. This includes sex, religion, race, disability, and age.

6 Provide 10 tips you would give someone on how to communicate

effectively whilst delivering a presentation within their workplace.
1. Preparation, preparation, preparation

There is no easy way out. Giving a excellent presentation is all about the preparation
that goes into it, and this theme applies to every single aspect you include in your
presentation.

2. Think audience

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When you are preparing your presentation, there is one thing you should always keep in
the back of your mind: the audience. The sole purpose of a presentation is to
communicate whatever you have to say to an audience.

3. Communicate

A presentation is never a one way communication, despite the fact that you are the only
one speaking. Communication is always two ways. Although you do not want your
audience interrupting your speech, make it engaging: look at the audience, speak to the
whole audience. Your audience wants to be spoken to. Ask rhetorical questions, use
short pauses when you are, for example, changing the subject or moving on to another
topic. Rhetorical questions will often raise the audience awareness as do pauses. Don’t
hide behind a computer, a paper, or a desk.

4. Prepare the little things

There is truth in the old saying “It’s the little things that count”. Often when we are
preparing a presentation we prepare the content, the slides, the general story line, but it
is often the little things that catch us off guard.

5. Structure your presentation

The purpose and content needs to be carefully considered. How much detail can you
cover in the allotted time? Going back to a point made earlier, what does your audience
already know about your topic? What do they need to know, and more important, what
is your take-home message? What do you want your audience to remember?

6. Finding your voice

Although there are general rules and structures, it is important to find your own voice.
Know your strengths and weaknesses. For most of us, giving a presentation is a
learning process and definitely not something we do on a daily, weekly or even monthly

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basis.

7. Do not read or read like you mean it.

When giving a presentation, from a communication perspective, speaking is always

better than reading. However, when you find yourself in the situation where you are
going to read, there are a few techniques you can use to make it more enjoyable for the
audience (remember your audience).

8. Non-verbal communication

There is a lot to say about non-verbal communication, but what to do with you hands is
the focus of this point. There are of course cultural differences as well as individual
differences, but in general we use the motions of our hands and arms to support the
content of our speech. Our hands also seem to get in the way when we are giving
presentations.

9. Slide design

Another ten tips could be devoted on good slide design, but not this time. One essential
criteria to remember is, however, the following: don’t put anything on a slide (text,
images, pictures, tables, and graphs) if you are not going to talk about them, or mention
them. It will only confuse your audience (unless they are either part of the template, or
faded in the background).

10. Practice, practice, practice

Practice and time your presentation. Practice delivering you speech out loud. Record
your presentation using the record tool available in PowerPoint. Practice delivering you
presentation to an audience, for example, your peers. If you don’t have an audience,
practice in front of a mirror.

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