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The bryton cycle
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513 views4 pagesThermodynamics Chapter 8
The bryton cycle
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adrian tanjayCopyright
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8 The Brayton Cycle
Operation of a Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant
Cloned Cyto
Fig. 26 Diagrammatic Layout of Gas Turbine Units
Air continuously enters the compressor 1. After compres:
sion, it enters the combustors, some of it going around the
outside of the combustion chamber proper and the remainder
furnishing oxygen for burning the fuel, which is continuously
injected into the combustion chamber. Because of their tem-
perature rise, the gases expand and enter the turbine in state
8, After expansion through the turbine, the exhaust to the
atmosphere is in some condition 4. In an ordinary power plant
arrangement, the work of the turbine W, is great enough to
drive the compressor W, and deliver brake work W, to drive,
say, a generator or propeller; W, = W, + W,. An external souce
of power is needed to start a gas turbine unit,
. z 151 Derivation of the formula for e
Process 1-2:
a, _[vJ =)
gee @
Fig. 27. Air-standard Brayton (Joule) cycle near @)
isentropic compression
constant-pressure addition of heat
isentropic expansion Pee .
constant-pressure rejection of heat ae
Analysis of the Brayton Cycle aa Ey”
Ps
Q=me, (1,-T)
Q,=meo, (7,7) =—me, (T,-7) ,- Taw.
W=Q,-Q,=me, (T,-T,)-me,(T,-T) Substituting equations (2) and (4) in (1).
e = W= me,(1-7,)—me,(T,-1) T-
oan cir: mene ° Sater en
a a
T-7, ee et ee
esto a : a =
‘Total compressor work, W, = — AH
W,=—me, (T, —T,)
Total turbine work, W, = @- AH
W, =-me, (T,—T,)
Ps, the pressure ratio W,
+ Sums , = me, (T,—T)
r=
152
153 ‘Net work, W or W, = W.-W.
Problems:
1. The intake of the compressor of an air-standard Bray-
ton cycle is 40,000 cfm at 15 psia and 90°F. The compression
ratio, r, =5 and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 1440°F.
‘The oxtt pressure of the turbine is 15 psia. Determine the net
work, thermal efficiency and the mean effective pressure.
‘Solution:
40,000 cfm.
P| r sey,
oo 8 ‘ p= 15 psia
| 1, = 550°R
| T= 1900R
| 2 4 p= 15 psia
| 1 451%! a My ss
| v 5
pV, _ (15X144\(40,000) _ i
m= Foe = tes sayeso) = 2945 hme
| Point 1:
| _% _ 40,000 _ 2
vy, = Mi = 40,000 13.58 nb
2.72 8b
0
Pp = PAN = (5X6) = 142.8 psia
= (650X5)1= 1047°R
3
“
3
s
"
154
Point 3:
4.94 fb
—
19
1047,
Va= Ya [er] = (2.72)
Point 4:
i
ey = (4.94) [42.3]
1 2 (4.94) 6 24.7 7b
T=, El = (2900) [84] “= o98°R
Compressor work, W, = -¢, (T,-T,)
= ~(0.24) (1047-550) = -119.8 Btullb
‘Turbine work, W, = ¢, (T, ~ T) |
= (0.24) (1900— 998) = 216.5 Btub
Net work, W, = W,—W, = 216.5-119.3= 97.2 Btulb
= (97.2 (2945) = 6751 hp
42.4
Heat added, Q, = ©, (T,-T,)
(0.24) (1900-1047) = 204.7 Btu/lb
1
= 212 ~ 0.4748 or 47.48%
Sali Sera
(24.7 — 2.72) (144)
= 23.89 psi
2. There are required 2238 kW net from a gas turbine unit
for pumping of crude oil from the North Alaskan Slope. Air
enters the compressor section at 99.975 kPa, 278 K; the pres-
155 ure ratio r, = 10. The turbine section receives the hot gases at
1111 K. Agsume the closed Brayton cycle, and find (a) the
required air flow and (b) the thermal efficiency.
Solution:
P| T 3
2 3
eG eet
1 4 1
Vv s
‘Point 2:
p, = Py, = (99.975) (10) = 999.75 kPa
a=,
Point 4:
|" = (278)(10) * = 536.7K
oa at
es (1 |“ - 5754K
x, [2]
