The document discusses several philosophers' perspectives on the human person:
1. Socrates believed knowing oneself is key to dealing with life's problems and used questioning (the Socratic method) to help students understand their thoughts.
2. Plato viewed universal ideas as existing in the heavens and believed contemplation allows the mind to commune with these ideas.
3. Aristotle saw everything in nature as seeking to fulfill its potential and actualize itself.
4. Heidegger believed human existence is exhibited through "care" and understanding our finite time which ends in death.
5. Sartre viewed the human person as desiring to be God and creating their own destiny through their choices
The document discusses several philosophers' perspectives on the human person:
1. Socrates believed knowing oneself is key to dealing with life's problems and used questioning (the Socratic method) to help students understand their thoughts.
2. Plato viewed universal ideas as existing in the heavens and believed contemplation allows the mind to commune with these ideas.
3. Aristotle saw everything in nature as seeking to fulfill its potential and actualize itself.
4. Heidegger believed human existence is exhibited through "care" and understanding our finite time which ends in death.
5. Sartre viewed the human person as desiring to be God and creating their own destiny through their choices
The document discusses several philosophers' perspectives on the human person:
1. Socrates believed knowing oneself is key to dealing with life's problems and used questioning (the Socratic method) to help students understand their thoughts.
2. Plato viewed universal ideas as existing in the heavens and believed contemplation allows the mind to commune with these ideas.
3. Aristotle saw everything in nature as seeking to fulfill its potential and actualize itself.
4. Heidegger believed human existence is exhibited through "care" and understanding our finite time which ends in death.
5. Sartre viewed the human person as desiring to be God and creating their own destiny through their choices
The document discusses several philosophers' perspectives on the human person:
1. Socrates believed knowing oneself is key to dealing with life's problems and used questioning (the Socratic method) to help students understand their thoughts.
2. Plato viewed universal ideas as existing in the heavens and believed contemplation allows the mind to commune with these ideas.
3. Aristotle saw everything in nature as seeking to fulfill its potential and actualize itself.
4. Heidegger believed human existence is exhibited through "care" and understanding our finite time which ends in death.
5. Sartre viewed the human person as desiring to be God and creating their own destiny through their choices
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
FINALS – HANDOUT The attitudes of outlooks in life of the philosophers discussed in this lesson are not from a formal system. Rather, understanding the meaning of life is not just based on pure rationality. Nevertheless, we are as well aware of our transcendence and possibilities, that is, as long as we are alive, that journey towards our ultimate possibility is there, death being unknown that something-more, that something still. A. Socrates – a great teacher in Athens who believed that knowing oneself is a condition to deal with life’s problem. His “tutorial”, well-known as the Socratic method, (1) assesses by questions the character of the student; and (2) sets him problems, exhorts him to reduce each problem to its constituent elements, and criticizes the solutions that he offers. In other words, Socratic method is discussion and reflective type of lesson. the first process is called ironic process, a process that serves the learner to seek for knowledge by ridding the mind of prejudices. The second process is called maieutic process, the process of making a person realize the full meaning of his thoughts and drwas truth out of the learness mind. Virtue – means the fulfillment of moral duty of man to himself and to others in his society. Practical Knowledge - means that one does not only know the rules of right living, but one lives by them in the real world and in everyday life. B. Plato – an ancient philosopher who believed that universal and eternal ideas are concepts that exist literally in the heavens above men. Contemplation – the mind is in communion with the universal and eternal ideas. Theory of Immortality – a theory which the physical human body is the source of endless trouble to us by reason of the mere requirement of food. C. Aristotle – for him, everything in nature seeks to realize itself and to develop its potentialities and finally realize actualities. Entelechy – the greek word of “to become its essence”, meaning our potential to change. We all have differences with each other but that differences are not permanent. It does change every day. You can change today but you can change every day and what you are yesterday will be different from today and will be on the future. D. Martin Heidegger – a German Existentialist who believed that human’s existence is exhibited in care. Care – to understand the finite temporality which ends in death. Death – a possibility that hanppens which brings unity and wholeness to scattered self.
3 STRUCTUES OF LIVING LIFE TO THE FULLEST
POSSIBILITY - Reality is viewed on what can happen. Being-in-the-world simply means live your life with all the possibilities. FACTICITY - Man and reality are understood in terms of the historical times the person lives in. Historicity means everyone has its own past that needs to be remembered. FALLENNESS - Man withdraws from taking responsibility of himself and the world around him. “If you’re not prepared to
be wrong, you’ll never come up with anything original”
E. Jean Paul Sartre – a French existentialists who believed that the human person desires to be God. For him, the human person builds the road to the destiny of his/her choosing; he/she is the creator. The human person is in the midst of a world that silently stares at him/her. Sartre is famous for his dualism: 1. en-soi – it means absurd and only finds the meaning through the human person. 2. pour-soi – it means the world only has meaning according to what the person gives to it.
True knowledge means wisdom which, in turn, means virtue.
Knowing what is in the mind and heart of a human being is achieved through self-knowledge and self-awareness. Happiness is impossible without virtue. The immoral person literally becomes slave to his desires. The most pleasant activity for any living creature is realizing its nature. Metaphysics is only an extension of the fundamental and necessary drive in every human being. Ethics explores the nature of moral virtue, evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions. Epistemology deals with the nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge. Logic comes from the Greek word “logike” which concern is about reasoning. Aesthetics is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations and the appreciation of the beautiness.
Note: Everything is here. You just need to study and familiarize. Goodluck to your exams!
(SUNY Series in Psychoanalysis & Culture) Richard Feldstein, Bruce Fink, Maire Jaanus - Reading Seminars I and II - Lacan's Return To Freud-State University of New York Press (1996)
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