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Lesson 1

1. The document defines a random variable as a function that associates a real number to each possible outcome of an experiment. The possible outcomes make up the sample space. 2. It provides examples of discrete random variables including the number of defective cell phones from a sample of 3, and the number of tails from tossing 3 coins. Tables are included to show the possible outcomes and their corresponding random variable values. 3. Random variables can be either discrete, where the possible outcomes are countable, or continuous, where outcomes occur on a continuous scale like weights or temperatures.

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569 views

Lesson 1

1. The document defines a random variable as a function that associates a real number to each possible outcome of an experiment. The possible outcomes make up the sample space. 2. It provides examples of discrete random variables including the number of defective cell phones from a sample of 3, and the number of tails from tossing 3 coins. Tables are included to show the possible outcomes and their corresponding random variable values. 3. Random variables can be either discrete, where the possible outcomes are countable, or continuous, where outcomes occur on a continuous scale like weights or temperatures.

Uploaded by

bonifacio gianga jr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1: EXPLORING RANDOM VARIABLES

Random Variable

• Sample Space – the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.

ENTRY CARD
List the sample space of the following experiments
Experiment Sample Space
Tossing two coins HH, TT, HT, TH
Rolling a die and tossing a coin simultaneously H1, H2, …, H6, T1, T2, … T6
Drawing a spade from a deck of cards 1spade, 2spade, …, king pade
Getting a defective item when two items are randomly selected from a D1D2, D1N1, D1N2, D1N3,
box of two defective and three non-defective items D2N1, D2N2, D2N3, N1N2,
N1N3, N2N3
Drawing a card greater than 7 from a deck of cards 8hearts, 8diamond,…

Example 1: DEFECTIVE CELL PHONES


 Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. We want to find out the number of defective cell
phones that occur.
• NNN=0
• DNN=1
• DDN=2
• DDD=3
*The number of defective cell phones is a random variable
*The possible values of this random variable are 0,1,2, and 3.

Random variable – is a function that associates a real number to each element in the sample space. It is a
variable whose values are determined by chance.

Value of the Random Variable X


Possible Outcomes
(number of defectives cell phones)
NNN 0
NND 1
NDN 1
DNN 1
NDD 2
DND 2
DDN 2
DDD 3
Example 2: Tossing Three Coins
• Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be random variable representing the number of tails that occur.
Find the values of the random variable Y. Complete the table.
Value of the Random Variable Y
Possible Outcomes
(number of tails)

Example 2: Drawing Balls from an Urn


• Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn containing 5 red balls and 6 blue
balls. Let Z be the random variable representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of the
random variable Z. Complete the table below.
Value of the Random Variable Y
Possible Outcomes
(number of blue balls)

1. Discrete random variable – the set of possible outcomes is countable.


Example:
a. The number of defective computers produced by a manufacturer.
b. The number of siblings in a family of a region

2. Continuous random variable – it takes on values on a continuous scale. Represent measured data,
such as heights, weights, and temperatures.
Example:
a. The weight of newborns each year in a hospital.
b. The amount of paint utilized in a building project.

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