Plan For Denver's City Park

CIRCULATION AND USE PLAN FOR
DENVER’S CITY PARK

RESTORATION IMPROVEMENTS
ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
September 2010
PREPARED FOR DENVER PARKS AND RECREATION

DESIGN TEAM
Lead Consultant - Wenk Associates
Bill Wenk - Principal

Jesse Clark - Associate/Project Manager
Jonah Weiss - Landscape Designer
Transportation Consultants - Fehr & Peers
Carlos Hernandez - Associate

Emily Gloeckner - Senior Transportation Engineer
City Staff
Britta Herwig - City Park Planner

Juan Marsh - Superintendent
Tom Henry - Operation Supervisor
Stu Bader - Permitting Supervisor
Jim Johnson - Special Events
Acknowledgements
Carla Madison / City Council District 8

The City Park Alliance
Denver Zoo
Denver Museum of Nature & Science
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 6
PURPOSE OF THIS CIRCULATION STUDY 6
ORGANIZATION OF THIS STUDY 7
PUBLIC PROCESS 7
HISTORIC CONTEXT 8
PREVIOUS STUDIES 9
ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES 10

EXISTING CONDITIONS 12
RECOMMENDATIONS 19
PLANS 22
ENLARGEMENTS & TYPICAL SECTIONS 26
IMPLEMENTATION 42
PROJECT ZONES 44
PRIORITIZATION & COST 46
PHASING 58
INTRODUCTION
City Park, one of Denver’s oldest parks, is known for its pastoral open meadows, stately trees, and graceful lakes. The
Park was created in the late 1800’s and quickly became known as “the People’s Park.” For more than 100 years, City
Park’s landscape has been the common ground for the activities and celebrations of generations of Denverites— from
scenic drives and picnics, to the popular summer events such as the City Park Jazz series.
As the use of public parks has changed, City Park went from being passive open space mostly for “viewing,” to more
programed active spaces. Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver Zoo, ball fields, playgrounds, walking & running
trails, picnic grounds were all added. Walkways have disappeared and roads and parking no longer serve the changing
needs of park users. Cycling and leisure walking is not well accommodated in the current park circulation system; and
the degradation of the sinuous pedestrian circulation network has contributed to under utilized spaces and difficulty in
navigating the Park, issues which were identified as a major concern by a task force of citizens and city staff in 1997. This
was the impetus for a comprehensive planning effort in 2001 to address land use, circulation and preservation called
“Revitalizing the Legacy of City Park” (Legacy Plan), a collaborative partnership between Denver Parks and Recreation
planning staff and major stakeholders.
The four principal goals of the Legacy Plan were to:

 Maintain the park’s historic character and beauty, while meeting today’s needs
 Manage the park more cohesively, as a whole
 Ensure the safety of park users
 Create a clear circulation system with a hierarchy of trails, roads, and walks
PURPOSE OF THIS CIRCULATION STUDY

The objective of this circulation study is to supplement and update the 2001 Legacy Plan and to comprehensively address
the fourth goal of that plan by providing specific recommendations for safe multi-modal access to as many users and user
types as practical within the park and to update the park’s infrastructure to meet today’s needs. In 2007, the Better Denver
Bond Initiative provided funds to begin implementing measures to realize these goals.
Each recommendation in this report was evaluated based on the following three goals:
 Improve park users experience
 Increase the safety of all park users
 Be fair and equitable to all types of users
This study has four major areas of focus:

 Refine and restore City Park’s historic circulation routes to provide equitable access to all users, by:
- Creating an interior, one-way vehicular circulation system using historic roads and entries in addition to a
two-way park boulevard
- Improving the clarity of entrances/gateways and way-finding through out the Park
- Create a network of paths that complement the existing walks with a clear hierarchy of pedestrian
paths
 Assess the demand for parking at the zoo and museum and ease conflicts between Park users and zoo- or
museum-goers who park along Park roadways, by:
- Improving the quantity and quality of parking
- Integrating access and circulation throughout the Park
 Evaluate the master plan “Revitalizing the Legacy of City Park” recommendation to create a “pedestrian
promenade” for pedestrians and bicyclists using historic carriage roads.
 Improve the circulation routes to enhance visitor experience while avoiding conflicts between vehicles, cyclists and
pedestrians and reducing the number and extent of fragmented zones that are divided by circulation routes.
6
ORGANIZATION OF THIS STUDY
This report is organized in sections beginning with a brief Introduction consisting of images, maps, and diagrams of
park context, highlights of previous studies, and key findings from stakeholders and public meetings. The Issues &
Opportunities section describes the existing conditions of the park and evaluates the information collected. The third
section of this report describes Recommendations for improvements within the park including conceptual plan drawings,
enlargements, and typical cross-sections accompanied by diagrams and brief descriptions of the recommendations. The
final section of the report includes recommendations for Implementation by “project zones” as well as individual project
tasks to be completed within those zones as funding becomes available. The implementation section includes “order-
of-magnitude” cost opinions by project task and recommendations for phasing based on priority, costs, and impact. The
report outlines recommendations for the first phase of work which will begin to implement strategies designed to achieve
the goals stated above, and which fits the budget designated by the 2007 Better Denver Bond Initiative for City Park
circulation improvements.
PUBLIC PROCESS
Stakeholder and public involvement played an important role in understanding the needs and desires of park users, and
served as a means for evaluating conceptual solutions and recommendations.
The involvement process for this study included:
 A public meeting to identify issues & opportunities and to review proposed recommendations
 A special event booth in the park to present alternatives to public
 An intercept survey in the park in order to understand personal preferences, use patterns from neighbors, and
regional users who may not have had the opportunity to attend public meetings
 Interviews of stakeholders to understand needs, desires, and suggestions regarding parking, circulation, and
cooperative use of park spaces
 Public meeting to present the final plan
 A presentation to Parks and Recreation Advisory Board
 A presentation to council committee members
Stakeholders Included:
• Institutional stakeholders with specific functional requirements
The Denver Zoo
The Museum of Nature and Science
• Operations and management interests

Denver Parks operations staff & Rangers
Denver Public Works staff
Denver Police
• Community representation
The City Park Alliance - a neighborhood group
City Council-woman Carla Madison
• Event logistics and amenities

Denver Parks events and permitting staff
City Park Circulation Study 7

THE HISTORIC CONTEXT
CITY PARK: A DENVER ORIGINAL...A PARK FOR ALL PEOPLE
As early as 1878, City Park was envisioned as Denver’s “east city park,” with Sloan’s Lake to be its complement as the
“west city park,” with the two parks linked by a tree-lined parkway. In the late 1800s City Park’s framework was laid when
its system of roads and looping paths were constructed. The paths and roads traversed meadows and wooded areas
and helped guide visitors to areas with scenic views and vistas. Additional design efforts, accomplished during the “City
Beautiful” era and administration of Mayor Robert Speer, resulted in a park that was enjoyed for both pleasure drives as
well as quiet strolls.
At the beginning of the century, the Denver Zoological Gardens and Museum of Nature and Science were constructed,
enlarged over time, and remain the park’s most significant institutions. The stately monuments and gateways that lend a
distinctive character to the park, including the City Park Esplanade and Sullivan Gateway, serve as major entry ways were
erected by 1920.
HISTORIC PARK DEVELOPMENT 1882-1960
City Park Historic Site Assessment (Mundus Bishop Design, Inc. 2001)
1882-1900 1901-1920
1921-1960 2001
The richness and inter-connectedness of roads & paths have been lost over time as park use went from passive
recreation to active recreation (such as jogging & biking) and as the Zoo and Museum expanded. The increase in traffic
and users resulted in roads being closed & paths being removed which degraded the original circulation system. The large
footprint and traffic generated by the Museum and Zoo have also created a dramatic shift in access requirements and
traffic patterns.
8
PREVIOUS STUDIES
Several studies have been commissioned over the last decade to address perceived problems in how City Park functions,
and while some of the recommendations proposed by these studies have been implemented others have not. The
previous studies were helpful in this study’s evaluation of City Park’s parking and circulation and helped this study to
evaluate and build upon recommendations (implemented or not) from previous studies.
CITY PARK USE STUDY (BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING 1998)

The purpose of the “City Park Use Study” was to provide quantitative and qualitative information on the use & users of the
non-zoo and non-museum portions of the park.
The key findings of the “City Park Use Study” that relate to circulation & parking are:
 The typical park user does not see the park as a whole, does not know what facilities are available in other parts of
the park and cannot easily access other parts of the park unless they are on foot.
 Parking pressure can occur on park roads south of the Zoo & south of the Museum during the Zoo’s and
Museum’s peak hours & seasons.
 Haphazard road closures, confusing circulation and poorly marked park entrances/exits make it difficult for people
to access the Park.
The “City Park Use Study” forms the basis of this study’s demographic and park use data. However, because the data
in the “City Park Use Study” was over ten years old at the time of this study that data was supplemented with intercept
surveys, public meetings and stakeholder interviews to get a more current picture of park use.
NORTHEAST PARKING STUDY (MUNDUS BISHOP DESIGN, INC. 2000)

The purpose of “Northeast Parking Study” was to improve circulation and recommend an additional 813 parking spaces
be created for Zoo & Museum visitors. The study’s recommendations resulted in the construction of two below ground
parking structures (one for the Museum and one for the Zoo). The “Northeast Parking Study” was used in this study to
evaluate the need for additional or reconfigured parking around the Museum & Zoo.
CITY PARK HISTORIC SITE ASSESSMENT (MUNDUS BISHOP DESIGN, INC. 2001)
The purpose of the “City Park Historic Site Assessment” was to describe and record the historic character and appearance
of City Park including its organization, circulation, features, topography and vegetation. The “City Park Historic Site
Assessment” was the basis for the master plan report “Revitalizing the Legacy of City Park”
REVITALIZING THE LEGACY OF CITY PARK (MUNDUS BISHOP DESIGN, INC. 2001)
Building on the “City Park Historic Site Assessment” and the “Northeast Parking Study,” the master planning document
“Revitalizing the Legacy of City Park” provided the foundation for this circulation &
parking study.
The key recommendations of the master planning document “Revitalizing

the Legacy of City Park” that directly relate to circulation & parking include
recommendations to:
 Address increased demand for parking at the Zoo and Museum through the
construction of two garages (as proposed in the “Northeast Parking Study”),
with the goal of easing conflicts between park users and zoo- or museum-
goers who park in park lots or along roadways.
 Reestablish City Park’s historic circulation routes to provide equitable
access to all users by creating an interior, one-way vehicular circulation system using historic roads and entries.
While some of the report’s recommendations have been successfully implemented, including the construction of two
parking garages for the Zoo and Museum as well as the closure of a road to create the eastern half of the “pedestrian
promenade,” other recommendations including reestablishing the historic circulation routes have not been implemented.

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES
This section maps information gathered through field observations, intercept surveys, public and stakeholder meetings.
The “Existing Conditions” map on the following pages shows the layout of the circulation system found in the summer
of 2009. Specific areas on the “Existing Conditions” map where issues have been identified, and opportunities exist for
improvement, have been given a letter which refers to a more detailed descriptions in the pages following the “Existing
Conditions” map. The key issues uncovered by this study are:
ENTRIES
Main monumented entries are under used and park entrances are confusing.
ROADWAYS
Vehicular circulation through the Park is confusing & inefficient. Roads lack a “parkway” feel & divide large expanses of
the East & West Meadow.
PARKING
While for most users of the Park parking is not an issue (except during gate closures) parking near the Zoo & Museum
can be problematic during busy times.
PEDESTRIAN & BICYCLE ROUTES

A lack of clear signage, path types and connections makes it difficult for pedestrians and bicyclists to safely navigate
through the Park.
10
SEE THE FOLLOWING PAGES FOR DETAILED
DESCRIPTIONS OF ITEMS A-S:
A) This is an exit only, however, many use it as an entry
CITY PARK GOLF COURSE B) This is a primary park entry but it is difficult to find
F L E 23RD A
AVE
B
C) This road bisects large meadow & is not pedestrian
friendly
E 23RD AVE D) Poor gate design restricts bicycle traffic when the gates
are closed
Greenhous
Greenhouses
Zoo Main
One-w
Entrance E) The vehicular circulation in this area is confusing.
M
way
F) Inconsistent material types are used in the perimeter

DENVER ZOO Q path
Picnicc
G*) Paths lacks definition of user type & way finding
methods *(Occurs in multiple locations)
Area
McClellan
a H) Parking lot is poorly laid out, has a confusing entrance,
Gatewayy
Dustin
Redd
tin
in
n DUCK LAK
LAKE
K P is dangerous & is closed on Sunday
5280
Playground
aygrouun
und
nd Monti I*) Closed road feels like a road not a pedestrian area
IIn
Interactive
n
nter
te
e ve
e
Gateway *(Occurs in multiple locations)
A
LOOP
One
-way Wat
Water
ater
terr MUSEUM
One
5280 LOO
P
Feature
e
J) Gate negatively effects the character of the pedestrian
-wa MONTVIEW BLV
BLVD promenade & does not allow bikes to enter
Burns
B
Bu
H R K) Park Boulevard feels like a utility access road
y
Picnic Garden
Ga
G ar n
E
FERRIL LAKE
I
Area L) Park entrance feeds into zoo parking lot creating traffic
On Pavilion
on
on
y
jams
C
-wa
e-
wa Bandstand
y
One
Sopris
pr
pr Electric M) Intersection is confusing
G
* Garden
arrrd
d Fountain
G *
N) Road bisects the East Meadow
MLK K Playground
ygro
y grro
ou
oun
unnd N O) Exit encourages cut through traffic from Montview Blvd.
Statue
S
Statu
Stt
tatu
Child
ildr
ildren's P) Road passes through the Museum parking lot
Fountai
ai
ain Lily
L
Rock
Pond
ond Q) This is a main entrance/exit but lacks monumentation
I
Gar
Garden
E 18TH AVE or traffic signals.
5280 LOOP
R) Paths are missing or don’t pass through gate
pedestrian portals
S O E 17TH AV
A E
Sopris
p Gateway
y J S) Too few pedestrian crossings along 17th Ave
D
L D
HARRISON ST.
COLORADO BLV
STEELE ST.
DETROIT ST.
E 17TH AVE
ARK ESPLANADE.
ADE
LEGEND
ESPLANA
Vehicular route
E 16TH AV
A E
Regional bicycle route
LEGEND
Y PARK
5280 loop
A
Vehicular route Entry monumentation

CITY
Multi-use paths
JOSEPHINE ST..
YORK ST.
Regional bicycle route

T
Traffic light Entry monumentation

5280 loop
Vehicular gate 0 300’ 600’ 12
Multi-use paths N Traffic light
Vehicular gate - Sunday closure
COLFAX AVE. Vehicular gate
Vehicular gate - Sunday closure
EXISTING CONDITIONS
CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES
0 300’ 600’ 1200’

N
EXISTING CONDITIONS - ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
A THE HISTORIC MCCLELLAN GATEWAY AT 21st AVE. AND YORK ST. IS

CURRENTLY DESIGNED AS AN EXIT ONLY.
Issue:
 Many park visitors use the gateway as a “shortcut” entry due to current
inconvenient vehicular entry points
 Grand monumentation indicates sense of gateway or major entry; 5% of
park visitors enter illegally through this exit.
 Pathways that once passed through “doorways” have either disappeared
or have been re-routed creating disconnections in circulation and de-
emphasizing the “Gateway:” character.
Opportunity:
 As a historic entry point, this gateway could once again provide the desired
legal vehicular entry from the west side of the Park making it a major
entrance.
 The pedestrian paths should extend through monument “doorways” to
reinforce the gateway character.
B THE ENTRY ALONG 23RD AVE. IS HEAVILY USED, BUT DIFFICULT TO FIND.
Issue:
 According to surveys and traffic studies, approximately 40% of visitors enter
here due to a lack of options from York St.
 Many visitors describe this entry as being difficult to find and having to
unnecessarily search for an entry point.
 The entry lacks clear signage or monumentation
Opportunity:
 Entry and direction signage would be appropriate at this entrance due to the
amount of traffic that currently enters here and the expected increased in
traffic as the greenhouse comes into public use.
THE ROAD BETWEEN THE WEST MEADOW AREA IS PERCEIVED TO BE A

C BARRIER FOR PEDESTRIANS AND CUTS THE MEADOW IN HALF.
Issue:
 The wide roadway makes it difficult for pedestrians to safely cross between
two large activity areas.
 The road creates a confusing traffic pattern.
 Parked cars obscure the view into the meadows
Opportunity:
 This area presents an opportunity for increased access and flexible use for
a variety of activities and pedestrian modes of travel by closing the road to
vehicular traffic. (also refer to letter E)
12
THE ESPLANADE ENTRY FROM 17TH AVE. IS A MONUMENTED ENTRANCE
D WHERE BICYCLE ACCESS IS HINDERED WHEN GATES ARE CLOSED.
Issue:
 Gate design and layout do not currently allow for bike lane continuity and
access to roadway when closed. Bike riders must cut through landscape
EXISTING areas to bypass gates.
Opportunity:
 Gates could be redesigned to allow for cyclists to pass when closed.
ALTERNATIVE
THE LAYOUT AND SEQUENCE OF ONE-WAY ROADS ARE

E CONFUSING MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO NAVIGATE THROUGH
DENVER ZOO THE PARK.
Issue:

DUCK LAKE
MUSEUM
One way routes weave around the park sometimes
directing the visitor away from desired destinations in a
figure 8 pattern. Route indicated in red illustrates how a
FERRIL LAKE
visitor would travel from the Esplanade entrance to the
Pavillion parking area or to the north-east side of the park.
Opportunity:
 The circulation could be reconfigured allowing for the
pedestrian promenade to be extended (also refer to letter
C)
1 2 3 4
INCONSISTENT MATERIAL TYPES AND WIDTHS OF THE PERIMETER PATH HAVE VARYING USER AND MAINTENANCE QUALITIES.
MANY VISITORS EXPRESS THE DESIRE FOR A CONSISTENT LOOP AROUND THE PERIMETER OF THE PARK.
Issue:
 1. The 8’ crusher fines path along the north edge of the park is appealing and gets moderate use in dryer seasons, but gets muddy
easily and cannot be plowed in snowy conditions.
 2. The 8’ asphalt path along the west edge of the park is appealing, gets heavily used, and accommodates a variety of travel modes
(walking, running, biking). This path is easily plowed and maintained.
 3. The 5’ concrete walk and 3’ crusher fines path along the east edge of the park from 17th Ave. to Montview mitigates the social trail
that had evolved without it.* Note: There are no formal paved paths along the east edge of the Park from Montview to 23rd.
 4. The 4’ sandstone walkway along the south edge of the park is an appealing material, however the stone has heaved and shifted
over the years, making it difficult for runners, walkers, bikers, and strollers to use safely. A parallel social trail has formed by users
who avoid the uneven stone path.
Opportunity:
 The perimeter path should be a consistent material for both users & maintenance.

PATHWAY HIERARCHY AND SINOUS CONNECTIONS HAVE
G* DIMINISHED OVER TIME.
Issue:
 Many pathways and connections have been lost as
improvements and re-development have changed uses
within the park. Areas in red indicate historic routes which
no longer exist in the current configuration (in black).
 Inconsistent path materials, widths, and signage make
way-finding and acceptable modes of travel confusing. (see
images below)
Opportunity:
 Signage, width, and material types should be used in order
to establish a clear trail hierarchy.
THE PAVILION PARKING LOT IS INEFFICIENT AND UNDESIRABLE FOR PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT.
Issue:
 The pavilion parking lot is situated on leftover paving from a removed historic roadway making it inefficient in its layout . The
entry is vast and potentially unsafe making it undesireable for pedestrian movement.
Opportunity:
 The lot could be reconfigured making it safer and possibly providing more parking spaces.
THE CLOSED ROADWAY CURRENTLY USED AS PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE FEELS LIKE A ROAD.
Issue:
 The closed roadway currently used as pedestrian promenade is an approximately 34’ wide asphalt cross section. Large
remaining street lights contribute to a scale and feel more consistent with vehicular roadways rather than pedestrian ways.
Opportunity:
 Elements such as benches, paving material and pedestrian scale lighting could be used to soften feel and scale of the
promenade.
14
CLOSED GATES, USED TO PREVENT VEHICULAR TRAFFIC, NEGATIVELY
J AFFECT THE CHARACTER OF THE PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE
Issue:
 The gate implies that the road closure is temporary and
sometimes open for vehicular access.
Opportunity:
 Bollards could be used to improve he character of the pedestrian
promenade.
MAIN PARK ROAD CHARACTER IS MORE CONSISTENT WITH A VEHICULAR SERVICE ROAD RATHER THAN A PARK BOULEVARD.
Issue:
 In some areas, the lack of curbing, enables parking to impact and sometimes extend into landscape areas.
 The lack of formal walkways forces people to walk in the roadway or through landscape areas causing social trails.
 Pull in parking does not allow for a dedicated bike lane and in some areas can create conflicts with pedestrians and bicyclists.
Opportunity:
 The character of the Park Boulevard could be improved by adding walks, curbs, bike lanes and limiting parking to parallel parking.
City Park Race Track circa 1928

THE PARK ENTRANCE ROAD AT 23RD AVE. IS NOT AN OBVIOUS ENTRANCE INTO THE PARK.
Issue:
 Road alignment and parking access have been added over the years changing the sinuous and grand entries into the park. In its
current form, the road appears to be an entrance into Zoo parking making it difficult to know that it is a major Park entrance.
Opportunity:
 The road could be realigned and given entry monumentation to signify its use as a major Park entrance.

M
THE DESIGN OF THE INTERSECTION AT THE MUSEUM, ZOO & PARK ENTRY ROADS IS CONFUSING AND DOES NOT DIRECT
TRAFFIC INTO THE PARK.
Issue:
 Way-finding monumentation and signage is insufficient and unclear.
 Roadway and intersection design implies that the Park road is insignificant relative to the loop road connecting from 26th Ave to
Colorado Blvd. (also refer to letter K)
Opportunity:
 The intersection could be reconfigured and signage added to direct visitors into the Park.
PREVIOUS STUDIES, AND THE MOST RECENT MASTER PLAN, SUGGEST RESTORATION OF THE HISTORIC
PARK ROAD ALIGNMENT IN THE EAST MEADOW.
Issue:
 The park road bisecting the meadow isolates the area adjacent to Colorado Blvd.
 Wooden bollards and the paved roadway create a barrier through the historic meadow which impedes active use and
pedestrian movement in the Eastern meadow area.
Opportunity:
 This road could be realigned and a curb (rather than bollards) could be used to keep vehicles on the roadway.
O
THE 17TH AVE ENTRANCE (AT HARRISON ST.) ENABLES CUT THROUGH
TRAFFIC FROM MONTVIEW AND COLORADO BLVD. AND IS UN-NECESSARY
FOR PARK ACCESS.
Issue:
 The reduction of cut through traffic is highly desired by neighboring
residents and park users for safety reasons and to improve the
experience of visitors.
Opportunity:
 This entrance/exit could be closed to eliminate cut through traffic on this
road.
16
P
THE ROAD ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE MUSEUM (IN RED) IS PERCEIVED
TO ONLY SERVE MUSEUM PARKING, RATHER THAN AS A CONNECTION
TO THE LARGER PARK ROAD SYSTEM (IN GREEN).
Issue:
 Visitors who enter through the Monti Gateway find it difficult
to access other parts of the park. Routes that appear to “cut
through” a parking lot also confuse visitors.
 Large museum attendance can sometimes create traffic
blockages in this area.
Opportunity:
 This road could be realigned so that it doesn’t pass through the
museum parking lot, reducing traffic jams caused by people
trying to find museum parking.
 The historic roundabout at the Monti Gateway entrance could
be reconstructed with signs to provide character and directional
assistance to visitors entering through the gateway.
THE CHARACTER OF THE ENTRY FROM COLORADO BLVD. AT 22ND

Q AVE. IS NOT CONSISTENT WITH OTHER GATEWAY ENTRY POINTS.
Issue:
 The entry is percieved to serve the police station, the museum,
and ballfields, with little indication (i.e. monumentation,
signage,etc.) that it is a major Park entry or boulevard.
Opportunity:
 Future improvements at other entrances will make this a minor
entry, however, park signage should be provided.
Missing pedestrian
connection
PATHWAYS DEAD END OR NO LONGER MAKE SINUOUS CONNECTIONS AT THIS MONUMENTED ENTRANCE
Issue:
 Pathways that once passed through “pedestrian gateways” have either disappeared or have been re-routed creating disconnections in
circulation and de-emphasizing the “Gateway:” character. (Also see G)
Opportunity:
 Paths should be realigned to pass through the “pedestrian gateways” to reestablish those connections and improve the “Gateway”
character.

S
A LACK OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS ON 17TH AVE. BETWEEN COLORADO BLVD AND STEELE ST. MAKE ACCESS FOR
PEDESTRIANS DIFFICULT.
Issue:
 The half mile distance between crossings along this busy section of 17th Ave. make it difficult for pedestrians to safely cross this
street.
Opportunity:
 A push button crossing light should be added between the crossing at Colorado Ave. and the crossing at Steele St. to allow for
pedestrians to safely cross.
18
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are based on the problem areas identified in the Issues & Opportunity section. In the
following pages maps showing specific areas of improvements are keyed to sections & enlargements, which follow the
maps.
PARK ENTRIES
The entries into City Park provide the user with their first park experience and it should be easy for visitors to identify
major entrances into the park using existing monuments and added signage.
West Meadow:
This monumented exit onto York should be reconfigured as a park entrance. Gate closures on Sunday should also be
reevaluated. By allowing vehicular access to the park on Sunday regional visitors will no longer be forced to park in the
surrounding neighborhoods, walk great distances and cross major city streets in order to access park amenities.
Park Boulevard:
The “T” intersection where the Museum, Zoo and Park roads meet should be redesigned as a traffic circle and signed or
monumented to indicate how to enter the rest of the Park. This will indicate to visitors the main vehicular entryway into the
Park and the Park Boulevard.
East Meadow:
The entrance on to 17th Ave. should be closed to vehicular traffic to prevent cut trough traffic, however, pedestrian &
bicycle access should provided in the south east corner of the park.
Museum & Zoo Roads:

The Northeast entrance by the Zoo should be reconfigured to separate the entrance drive from the Zoo parking lots and a
monument gate and traffic signal should be added.
Pedestrian Promenade:
The gates at the main entrance to the Pedestrian Promenade along 17th Ave. at Steele St. should be replaced with
removable bollards to allow for bicyclists to easily enter the Pedestrian Promenade.
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
The present layout of the vehicular circulation system is confusing, difficult to navigate and is unsafe for pedestrians and
cyclists. Sunday gate closures should be discontinued to allow for reliable and predictable parking & circulation. Way-
finding signage would also be helpful for users to help navigate the park and locate their destination.
West Meadow:
Closing the road that bisects the West Meadow and changing the one-way circulation system in the West Meadow to a
continuous loop will clarify the circulation through this area of the park. The roads through the West Meadow should have
a consistent cross section with one-way roads, bike lane, curb & gutter and 45° pull-in parking as well as signage to help
users to navigate.
Park Boulevard:
The Park Boulevard is the only road that runs from the east side of the park to the west side. This major park road feels
more like a service road rather than a boulevard. A “park boulevard” experience should be established along this road
which accommodates cars, walkers, and cyclists with separation between uses. The road should have a consistent design
- for instance the roadway should include two-way vehicular traffic, curb & gutter, bike lanes, parallel parking (except in
locations where it is too narrow to include parking), sidewalks and signage. The road section north of the West Meadow
should be realigned to strengthen the Park Boulevard and improve access and visibility in that area. This Boulevard forms
the spine of the park vehicle circulation; it is easy to navigate, locate entrances and all amenities can be accessed from it.
East Meadow:
Many drivers use the road along the East Meadow as a cut through. To prevent this the exit onto 17th Ave. should be
closed and a turnaround, sized for museum bus traffic should be constructed. Curb and gutter should be added (instead
of the bollards used in some places) to prevent vehicles from parking on grass. As the master plan, “Revitalizing the

Legacy of City Park” indicated the East Meadow road should also be realigned so that the large space next to Colorado
Boulevard can be reconnected to the rest of the East Meadow. Parking should also be added in this location for museum
buses.
Museum & Zoo Roads:

The roads that run along the Zoo & Museum parking lots function more as parking lot entrances and less as park
entrances. These roads should be realigned separating park traffic from Zoo/Museum parking. Entrances to either
parking lot should be limited to avoid congestion on park roads. Where the road north of the Museum and the road west
of the Zoo intersect it is hard for drivers to figure out how to enter the park due to the lack of directional signage and the
layout of the intersection. The current road alignment actually encourages drivers to drive past the park entrance and
towards the Museum or Zoo. At this intersection a roundabout should be created with signage indicating how to enter the
park.
PARKING
For the park visitor who accesses the park by car the availability and quality of convenient parking is important, and can
affect the quality of a park experience and the safety of park visitors.
West Meadow:
Where feasible pull-in parking should be provided on the interior loop of this one-way road while parallel parking should
remain on the outside of the loop. This will provide adequate parking for amenities inside the meadow, such as the ball
fields and the playground while making up for any parking lost with the proposed closure of the road that bisects the
meadow.
Park Boulevard:
Parking can create a safety issue, especially when a lack of pedestrian paths and bike lanes force pedestrians and
cyclists to pass behind pull-in or angle-in parking; in these instances the parking should be converted to parallel
parking. Sidewalks should also be provided around busy parking areas in order to reduce the necessity of users walking
(sometimes pushing a stroller or wheelchair) in the street.
Pavilion Parking Lot:

The Pavilion parking lot should be reconfigured; the entrance width should be reduced and the layout of the lot should be
rearranged to provide a safer and easier parking experience.
East Meadow:
Pull-in parking along the east side of the road should be provided while no parking should be allowed on the west side
of the road. The pull-in parking areas need to also function as areas for bus parallel parking. This will accommodate the
Museum needs as well as improve visitor access to the amenities on the east side (Lily Pond, playground, spray area)
Museum & Zoo Roads:

The layout of the parking lots is confusing. Many times parking lots blend with park roads making it difficult to distinguish
where a visitor should go in order to reach the Park. For instance the Zoo and Museum lots blend in with park entrance
and the parking lot. The park roads near the Zoo and the Museum should be realigned to selectively limit the entrances
to the those lots. The realingnment of those roads near the Zoo and the Museum will also result in the ability of those two
organizations to expand their available parking. Further study is needed to assist the Zoo & Museum in realigning the
roads to meet their program needs.
PEDESTRIAN & BICYCLE CIRCULATION

The pedestrian & bike circulation is confusing and in some places lacks separation from vehicular traffic. Paths also
lack a consistent material use and signage. City Park would benefit from two types of trails; loops and trails that lead
to destinations, both of these trail types are interconnected and important to providing a quality visitor experience. The
historic trails accomplished both destination and loop travel but have been fragmented or lost. Where it makes sense the
historic trail network should be reestablished.
West Meadow:
Interconnected trails and path networks that form loops through the West Meadow should be created, mapped and signed
so that individuals who want to explore the park and return to their starting point, have that option. Looping paths should
provide a variety of scales and experiences. An effort should be made to use consistent material on paths, to help create
20
a path hierarchy, for example major paths should be concrete walks while minor paths might use crusher fines or asphalt.
Signage:
Directional signage and maps should be provided throughout the Park. Presently the lack of maps and clear signage
makes it hard to figure out where a particular path leads. The lack of consistent material also makes it hard to discern
what paths are major and minor.
Park Boulevard:
To help separate pedestrians from vehicular traffic, the Park Boulevard should have dedicated sidewalks. Striped
crossings should also be provided where pedestrian paths cross the roadway.
East Meadow:
Interconnected trails and path networks that form loops through the East Meadow should be created, mapped and signed
so that individuals who want to explore the park and return to their starting point, have that option. Looping paths should
provide a variety of scales and experiences. An effort should be made to use consistent material on paths, to help create
a path hierarchy, for example major paths should be concrete walks while minor paths might use crusher fines or asphalt.
Museum & Zoo:

Sidewalks should be provided along the perimeter of the Zoo and Museum with clear directional signage to the their
entrances.
Pedestrian Promenade:
The existing Pedestrian Promenade should be extended to the road that bisects the West Meadow. This will create a
vibrant pedestrian area that runs almost the complete length of the park. This pedestrian area should have furnishings
such as trash cans, benches & pedestrian lighting so that it feels like a pedestrian area. The promenade should also have
different material types crusher fines in areas for walkers/runners and asphalt lanes for areas for bicycles, inline skaters
etc.
MAPS OF RECOMMENDATIONS
The following maps illustrate this report’s recommendations. The recommendations are divided into four maps. The
first map illustrates recommended changes to vehicular circulation which is followed by a map showing recommended
parking changes and the estimated number of available on street parking spaces. The next map shows proposed
changes to the pedestrian circulation system which is followed by recommended bicycle routes through the Park. Some
of the recommended improvements are called out in bold and reference sheets (that follow the maps) that show plan
enlargements, sections and design characteristics.

LEGEND
Major Vehicular Route
*
CITY PARK GOLF COURSE PROPOSED
TRAFFIC LIGHT E 23RD AVE
road removed
NEW PARK ENTRANCE
E 23RD AVE
RE: Entry Drive 2

* zoo parking
RE: Entry Drive 1 pg. 32
RE: Museum Drive 2

Minor Vehicular Route
pg. 33 parking pg. 31
lot removed
*
PARK BOULEVARD Entry Roundabout
*
DENVER ZOO entrance closed
two-way traffic RE: Entry Roundabout pg. 35
PARK BOULEVARD road removed
PARK BOULEVARD Museum Roundabout
Improve entry to RE: Park Boulevard 1 pg. 26 MUSEUM ENTRY ROAD
RE: Park Boulevard 1 pg. 26 RE: Museum Roundabout pg. 36
alow for entry into museum parking RE: Museum Drive 1
ligned PARK BOULEVARD
park d rea
roa DUCK LA
LAKE RE: Park Boulevard 2 pg. 27 pg. 30 Esplanade roundabout
RE: Esplanade Roundabout pg. 34
*
roundabout added
RE: Museum Roundabout Martin Luther King jr. roundabout
traffic flow MUSEUM pg. 36
*
direction reversed NEW PARK ENTRANCE RE: Martin Luther King Jr.
MONTVIEW BLVD Roundabout Drive pg. 34
RE: West Meadow reconfigured intersection,
Drive pg. 28 entry monumentation Road removed
PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE FERRIL LAKE RE: Park Entrance Roundabout pg. 35
road closed to auto traffic Removable bollards (proposed)
reconfigure
**
RE: Pedestrian Promenade 1 museum drop off &
parking lot Major vehicular entry
pg. 37 turnaround to remain
EAST MEADOW Minor vehicular entry
turnaround sized
ONE-WAY WITH reconfigured road
removable for bus traffic
BIKE LANE & PARKING RE: East Meadow Drive
bollards, typ. RE: East Meadow Note:
RE: West Meadow Drive pg. 29
ROUNDABOUT WITH Turnaround pg. 35 Bold type callouts refer to typical
pg. 28 IMPROVED PAVING Enlargements & Cross Sections
RE: Martin Luther King Jr. 17th Ave. connection
E 18TH AVE closed
Roundabout Drive pg. 34
ROUNDABOUT WITH ONE-WAY WITH
BIKE LANE & PARKING BIKE LANE & PARKING
RE: Esplanade Roundabout RE: West Meadow Drive pg. 28 E 17TH AV
A E
*
pg. 34
L D
HARRISON ST.
COLORADO BLV
STEELE ST.
DETROIT ST.
E 17TH AVE
PARK ESPLANADE.
ADE
ESPLANA
E 16TH A
AVE
Note:
Y PARK
LEGEND Bold type callouts refer to typical

PA
Enlargements & Cross Sections

Entry Roundabout
CITY
T.
JOSEPHINE ST.
Major Vehicular Route

RE: Entry Roundabout pg. 35
YORK ST.
T
Museum Roundabout
RE: Museum Roundabout pg. 36 N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’
Esplanade roundabout
RE: Esplanade Roundabout pg. 34
1”=300’
COLFAX AVE.
Minor Vehicular Route Martin Luther King jr. roundabout
RE: Martin Luther King Jr.
Roundabout Drive pg. 34
Road removed
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 RECOMMENDATIONS
N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’

LEGEND
Vehicular Route
Parallel Parking
CITY PARK GOLF COURSE E 23RD AVE
Head-In Parking
45 Degree Angled Parking

E 23RD AVE
35 Passenger Car Parking Spaces

24
37 35 One-w Estimated Roadway Parking Spaces (Summer 2009): 750
Proposed Plan Roadway Parking Spaces: 669
40
ay
DENVER ZOO
23 DUCK LAKE
LA 51
14
28 50
13 y MUSEUM
MONTVIEW BLVD
36 19 FERRIL LAKE
road
removed
e
48 103
38 53
16
24
E 18TH AVE
17
E 17TH AV
A E
L D
HARRISON ST.
COLORADO BLV
STEELE ST.
DETROIT ST.
E 17TH AVE
PARK ESPLANADE.
ADE
ESPLANA
E 16TH AVE
Y PARK
LEGEND
CITY PA
T.
JOSEPHINE ST.
Vehicular Route
T.
YORK ST.
Parallel Parking
Head-In Parking
COLFAX AVE. 45 Degree Angled Parking
35 Passenger Car Parking Spaces
CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 PARKING RECOMMENDATIONS
N
NOT TO SCALE
LEGEND
5280 loop (existing - no work proposed)
RE: 5280 Trail pg. 41
connect to PROPOSED Ferril Lake Loop (existing - add benches & trash cans)
CITY PARK GOLF COURSE proposed walk TRAFIC LIGHT RE: Lake Loop pg. 41
*
E 23RD AVE
West Meadow Garden Loop (proposed) & (existing)
RE: Entry Drive 1 pg. 32 alterations required RE: East & West Meadow Loops pg. 40
*
E 23RD AVE connect to Zoo Loop (proposed) & (existing)
existing walk alterations required RE: Zoo Loop pg. 39
connect to
existing walk East Meadow (existing) alterations required
RE: Museum Drive 2 RE: East & West Meadow Loops pg. 40
connect to
pg. 31
existing walk East Meadow (proposed)
connect to DENVER ZOO RE: East Meadow Drive pg. 29
existing walk connect to
connect to existing walk Neighborhood connections (proposed) & (existing)
proposed walk connect to connect to alterations required RE: Neighborhood Connections pg. 40
connect to
existing walk existing walk proposed walk
DUCK LAKE
LA Pedestrian Promenade (existing closed roadway)
*
connect to alterations required
existing walk RE: Pedestrian Promenade 1 & 2 pg. 37-38
MUSEUM Park perimeter path (existing)
*
connectct to
to
connect
co to exxisti walk
existing MONTVIEW BLVD alterations required RE: Park Border pg. 39
proposed
prro walks
Park Boulevard (proposed) & (existing)
5’ crusher fines walk alterations required RE: Park Boulevard 1 & 2 pg. 26-27
connect to
*
connect to existing
t ng walk
existin
ex trail becomes multi use Major pedestrian entry
existing walk connect to & follows proposed
connect to
pedestrian road realignment
existing walkk
promenade connect to pedestrian (see section 4)
connect to promenade connect to pedestrian Note:
existing walk promenade connect to Bold type callouts refer to typical
upgrade existing walk Enlargements & Cross Sections
entrance
relalign trail
connect to
*
remove old segment
E 18TH AVE existing walk
change road to
ap eddestrian
strriaan path
pedestrian
connect to
* *
E 17TH AV
A E
new crosswalk
* connect to
existing walk
mid block
L D
HARRISON ST.
ped activated
COLORADO BLV
STEELE ST.
existing crossing
DETROIT ST.
E 17TH AVE neighborhood

trail becomes multi use &
PARK ESPLANADE.
connection
ADE
follows proposed road realignment

ESPLANA
RE: East Meadow Drive pg. 29

E 16TH AV
A E
Y PARK
LEGEND
PA
Pedestrian Promenade (existing closed roadway)

5280 loop (existing - no work proposed)
CITY
T.
JOSEPHINE ST.
RE: 5280 Trail pg. 41 alterations required

YORK ST.
T
RE: Pedestrian Promenade 1 & 2 pg. 37-38

Ferril Lake Loop (existing - add benches & trash cans)
Park perimeter path (existing)
RE: Lake Loop pg. 41
alterations required RE: Park Border pg. 39
West Meadow Garden Loop (proposed) & (existing)
alterations required RE: East & West Meadow Loops pg. 40 Park Boulevard (proposed) & (existing)
COLFAX
X AVE. alterations required RE: Park Boulevard 1 & 2 pg. 26-27
Zoo Loop (proposed) & (existing)
Note:
Bold type callouts refer to typical
alterations required RE: Zoo Loop pg. 39
East Meadow (existing) alterations required
RE: East & West Meadow Loops pg. 40
East Meadow (proposed)
* Major pedestrian entry
PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIONS &

CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 LOOP RECOMMENDATIONS
N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’

LEGEND
Proposed bicycle trail
(no vehicular traffic)
*
CITY PARK GOLF COURSE Proposed bicycle lane
E 23RD AVE (vehicular/bicycle traffic)
*
Proposed shared road
E 23RD AVE
zoo parking (vehicular/bicycle traffic)
Existing bicycle route (D8)
Greenhous
Greenhouses DENVER ZOO NEW PARK ENTRANCE
RE: Entry Drive 2 Zoo Main Proposed bicycle route (D8) realignment
pg. 33 Entrance reconfigured intersection,
*
entry monumentation Vehicular entry
PARK BOULEVARD RE: Park Entrance Roundabout pg. 35
RE: Park Boulevard 1
PARK BOULEVARD
two-way traffic
roa
d rea
ligned DUCK LA
LAKE
pg. 26
PARK BOULEVARD
pg. 27
PARK BOULEVARD
pg. 26
* museum parking
Traffic light
Removable bollards - to replace gates

(proposed)
* ARD Monti
LEV Gateway
Dustin
tin
n OU IInteractive
n
nter
e ve
e
o-w
Two ayy
wa
PARK B MUSEUM
*
R
Redd Wate
Water
ater
a tte
er
er
McClellan Playground
round
o nd
d Note:
Feature
e ure
eatur MONTVIEW BLVD
Gateway Bold type callouts refer to typical
Burns
B ur EAST
WEST
Garden
G a en MEADOW
MEADOW FERRIL LAKE
PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE
road closed to auto traffic Pa
avilion
avilion
lion
n
y
EAST road removed

-wa
RE: Pedestrian Promenade 1 MLK Bandstand

Sopris
pris
pr i Electric MEADOW
One
pg. 37 Statue Garde

ard
rde
rd
den n Fountain
EAST MEADOW
ONE-WAY WITH WEST Playground
ygroun
ygro nd RE: East Meadow Drive
BIKE LANE & PARKING MEADOW pg. 29
RE: West Meadow Drive RE: Martin Luther King Jr. Child
ildr
ildren's
RE: Pedestrian Promenade 2
pg. 28 Roundabout pg. 34 Fountai
ai
ain Rock
pg. 38 G
Garden
PE Pond
ond
E 18TH AVE
ONE-WAY WITH DE
STR E
BIKE LANE & PARKING IAN PROMENAD
ROUNDABOUT WITH BIKE RE: West Meadow Drive pg. 28
LANE
RE: Esplanade Roundabout
pg. 34
* Sopris
S i Gateway
G t E 17TH AV
A E
L D
HARRISON ST.
COLORADO BLV
STEELE ST.
DETROIT ST.
E 17TH AVE
PARK ESPLANADE.
ADE
ESPLANA
E 16TH AV
A E
LEGEND
Y PARK
Note:
PA
Bold type callouts refer to typical

Proposed bicycle trail
CITY
T.
JOSEPHINE ST.

YORK ST.
(no vehicular traffic)

T
Proposed bicycle lane

(vehicular/bicycle traffic) N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’
Proposed shared road
COLFAX
X AVE. (vehicular/bicycle traffic)
Traffic light
Existing bicycle route (D8)
Proposed bicycle route (D8) realignment
BICYCLE ROUTES &

CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 TRAILS RECOMMENDATIONS
N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’

TYPICAL PLANS AND SECTIONS
The following pages illustrate this report’s recommendations through typical sections and plan enlargements. The pages
are arranged to illustrate the proposed changes to the roadway system followed by proposed pedestrian pathway designs.
Each set of illustrations include a key map which is color coded to indicate the area of the park for which the design is
proposed. These plans and sections are diagrammatic and may change as the designs are finalized.
PARK BOULEVARD 1
TYPICAL PLAN & SECTION
EXISTING
ZOO FENCE
NORTH
2’ CAR DOOR 2’ CAR DOOR

ZONE ZONE
EXISTING EXISTING ROADWAY 52’ - TYP. EXISTING

LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE
CONC. PEDESTRIAN PARALLEL PARKING 8’ BIKE LANE 6.5’ VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 20’ BIKE LANE 6.5’ PARALLEL PARKING 8’ CONC. PEDESTRIAN
WALK 8’ & NECK DOWNS & NECK DOWNS WALK 8’
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS 65’
This section of
E 23RD A
roadway is not
Gr
included in this Neck down
O
report due to the at crossing

y
narrowness of
LAK
Planted
OP
MON
One
-w
ay
n
the road & work

K presently underway neck down
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Two-way auto & bike traffic (dedicated lanes)
 Parallel parking on both sides
 6.5’ bike lanes
 8’ attached concrete walks on both sides (to allow for car
doors to open & pedestrian traffic to safely pass).
 Neck downs at pedestrian crossing
 Planted neck downs
 Striping at pedestrian crossings
 Curb & gutter
26
PARK BOULEVARD 2
MAINTENANCE
BUILDING FERRIL LAKE
NORTH
EXISTING EXISTING ROADWAY 45’ - TYP. EXISTING 5280 TRAIL 10’ EXISTING
LANDSCAPE CRUSHER FINES SLOPE
BUFFER
CONC. PEDESTRIAN BIKE LANE 6.5’ VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 20’ BIKE LANE 6.5’ VARIES
WALK 6’ CRUSHER
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS APPROXIMATELY 42’ FINES
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 No parking on both sides
 6’ attached concrete walks on North side
 Extend a crusher fine buffer from the 5280 trail to the curb
on the South side. Plant trees or grasses in the crusher
fines buffer along the roadway.
 Curb & gutter

WEST MEADOW DRIVE
WEST
EXISTING LANDSCAPE EXISTING ROADWAY 35’ - TYP. EXISTING LANDSCAPE
45° ANGLED PARKING ONE-WAY VEHICULAR BIKE LANE 6.5’ PARALLEL PARKING 8’
OR LANDSCAPE TRAFFIC 10’ OR LANDSCAPE
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS APPROXIMATELY 43.5’
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 One-way auto & bike traffic
 Parallel parking on the outer edge
 45° pull-in parking on inner edge in select areas
 6.5’ bike lane
 No attached walks
 Neck downs at pedestrian crossing on parallel parking side
 Curb & gutter
28
EAST MEADOW DRIVE
COLORADO BOULEVARD
EAST
CRUSHER FINES 12’ CONC. MULTI-USE TRAIL VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 20’ 90° PULL IN PARKING
PEDESTRIAN SCHOOL BUS PARALLEL PARKING ON WEEKDAYS
WALK 5’ OR LANDSCAPE AREA
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS APPROXIMATELY 56’
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Two-way auto traffic
 90° pull-in parking on inner edge (also used as Bus
parking)
 Turn around at the end of the road sized to
accommodate bus traffic
 Attached 12’ concrete Multi-use trail along the west
side with a 5’ crusher fines trail
 Curb & gutter
 On-street to off street transition will be required for
bicycles

MUSEUM DRIVE 1
MUSEUM
WEST
EXISTING LANDSCAPE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 20’ - TYP. EXISTING LANDSCAPE
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Two-way auto & bike traffic (shared lanes)
 No parking
 No attached walks
 Curb & gutter
30
MUSEUM DRIVE 2
MUSEUM
SOUTH
2’ CAR DOOR
ZONE
BIKE LANE 6.5’ VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 20’ BIKE LANE 6.5’ PARALLEL CONC. PEDESTRIAN
PARKING 8’ WALK 6’
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS 47.5’
E 23RD A
Planted
Gr
O
y
LAK neck down

OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
n
Neck down
K
Garr
at crossing
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Parallel parking on the north side
 No parking on the south side
 8’ attached concrete walk on the north side (to allow for
car doors to open & pedestrian traffic to safely pass).
 Neck downs at pedestrian crossing on the north side
only (at parallel parking)
 Planted neck downs on the north side only (at
parallel parking)
 Curb & gutter

ENTRY DRIVE - 1
ZOO PARKING
WEST
EXISTING LANDSCAPE
EXISTING LANDSCAPE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 10’ LANDSCAPED VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 10’ LANDSCAPE BUFFER CONC. PEDESTRIAN
MEDIAN 8’ WALK 6’
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS APPROXIMATELY 44’
Add entry
monument
Add planted
median
Additional Zoo
parking
Vegetated buffer
Realign roadway
90° pull in parking
Maintain Zoo access
Walks
Crosswalks
existing proposed
E 23RD A
Gr  Reconfigured entry allows for more direct park road access

O
y
n
c
LAK
 Reconfigured entry allows for additional Zoo parking
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
-w
ay
 Two-way auto & bike traffic (shared lanes)

Garr
 No parking on the west side

ADE
ARK ESPLANA
Y A

CITY
6’ detached concrete walk on the east side

.
 90° parking on the east side

 Curb & gutter
32
ENTRY DRIVE - 2
YORK ST.
WEST
PARALLEL BIKE LANE 6.5’ VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 10’ PARALLEL CONC. PEDESTRIAN
PARKING 8’ PARKING 8’ WALK 6’
E 23RD A
Gr
Planted
O
y
neck down
c
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 One-way auto & bike traffic (dedicated lanes)
 Parallel parking on both sides Neck down
 6.5’ bike lane at crossing
 Neck downs at pedestrian crossing
 Planted neck downs
 Curb & gutter

ESPLANADE ROUNDABOUT
existing proposed Close existing
road & convert it
to a pedestrian
trail
Parallel parking
Bike lanes
East 17th Ave East 17th Ave

existing proposed
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
ADE
RK ESPLANA
MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. ROUNDABOUT
Removable
bollards spaced
@ 5’ o.c.
Leave space for
maintenance
vehicle access
Score, sandblast
& color existing
pavement or
replace with
pavers
Road closed to
existing Closed gate proposed Leave space for maintenance auto traffic
E 23RD A
vehicle access
Road closed to auto traffic
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
34
PARK ENTRANCE ROUNDABOUT
Close zoo parking
lot access
Add roundabout
Crosswalks with
pedestrian refuge
existing proposed
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
EAST MEADOW TURNAROUND

RE: Pedestrian
Promenade 2
Removable bollards
with space to allow
for maintenance
vehicle access
New turnaround
RE: East Meadow
Drive
East 17th Ave. East 17th Ave.

existing proposed New Path
RE: Neighborhood Connection
E 23RD A
 Turnaround must accommodate bus & emergency vehicles

Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.

TITLE
FIGURE
MUSEUM ROUNDABOUT
Realigned road
Add roundabout
Crosswalks with
pedestrian refuge
Realigned road
existing proposed
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
36
PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE 1
NORTH
EXISTING LANDSCAPE EXISTING ROADWAY WIDTH EXISTING LANDSCAPE
ASPHALT FLEX SPACE 10’ CRUSHER FINES - PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE WIDTH VARIES ASPHALT FLEX SPACE 10’
8’ ASPHALT 8’ ASPHALT
MULTI USE TRAIL MULTI USE TRAIL
E 23RD A
Gr
New trees should

O
y
maintain the original

n
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
n
allee alignment
K
Garr
Flexible space for

ADE
ARK ESPLANA
event tents or multi

Y A
CITY
.
use path
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Crusher fines replaces asphalt in the center of the promenade
- storm drainage must be maintained.
 One-way, multi-use trails on outer edges (doubles as flexible
event space)
 Pedestrian lights, trash cans, & benches regularly spaced
 New trees must maintain original allee alignment

PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE 2
NORTH
EXISTING LANDSCAPE EXISTING ROADWAY WIDTH EXISTING LANDSCAPE
EXISTING ASPHALT CRUSHER FINES - WIDTH VARIES

12’ MULTI-USE TRAIL PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE
OR FLEXSPACE MIN 10’
E 23RD A
Gr
O
y
LAK
OP
MONTVIEW BLV
One
-w
ay
Garr
Y A
CITY ADE
ARK ESPLANA
.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Crusher fines replaces asphalt on the North side of the promenade
 Multi-use trail on South side (doubles as flexible event space)
 Pedestrian lights, trash cans, & benches regularly spaced
 New trees must maintain original alee alignment
38
PEDESTRIAN DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS & TYPICAL SECTIONS
ZOO LOOP
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Enhanced Zoo pedestrian access
 Enhanced Duck Lake pedestrian access EXISTING
 Stroller accessible ZOO FENCE
 Attached sidewalks next to parallel parking must

allow for car doors to open & pedestrian traffic to 2’ CAR DOOR
ZONE
safely pass (min. 8’ width).
 6’ width when there is no adjacent parallel parking
 Sidewalks are attached concrete walks when
adjacent to road
 Creative integrated way-finding which directs to zoo
EXISTING LANDSCAPE EXISTING ROADWAY
(sandblasted, concrete. bands, etc.)
 Trash cans where needed
 No lighting CONC. PEDESTRIAN
WALK 6-8’
PARALLEL PARKING 8’
OR LANDSCAPE
 No benches
 Curb & Gutter.
PARK PERIMETER
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Path along the outer edge of the park
 8’ asphalt or concrete path with a crusher fines edge
2’ for joggers
PEDESTRIAN CRUSHER
PATH 8’ FINES 2’

EAST & WEST MEADOW LOOPS
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Strolling & continuity in paths
 Family strolling & passive viewing
 Continuity & connections to other trails.
 Curvilinear layout
 Significant features i.e. gardens, Bible House,
playgrounds, picnic & signage.
 Main loop should be a 6’ asphalt path
 Minor trails should be a 4’ crusher fines path PEDESTRIAN
WALK 6’
 Benches & trash cans in special places
 No lights
 Paths are to pass through the pedestrian
portals in the entry gates.
 Wayfinding signage
NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIONS
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 connects the “Park Perimeter” to the interior circulation
 6’ Asphalt path
 wayfinding
 direct connections
PEDESTRIAN
PATH 6’
40
LAKE LOOP [EXISTING]
RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS
 Add benches (two every 250’) and trash
cans (one every 1000’) to south & north
edges
PEDESTRIAN
WALK 8’
5280 TRAIL [EXISTING]

RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS
 Mile markers
CRUSHER FINES
PATH 8’

IMPLEMENTATION
PROJECT ZONES AND PROJECTS

Recommended improvements are organized into 3 tiers for the purposes of prioritizing design and construction in a
flexible manner to be implemented as funds become available. First, these improvements are arranged into groups of
geographically related improvements referred to as Project Zones (i.e. “West Meadow” project zone). Individual projects
within a zone are identified with a project number (i.e. “W3”. Project zones) and projects are identified on the Project Zone
Map following this page. In the “Prioritization & Cost” section of this document, specific tasks within each project have
been identified by a lower case letter in order to complete a project (i.e.”W3.b”), which are briefly described (i.e. “repair
asphalt roadway”) and assigned an order of magnitude opinion of cost.
PRIORITIZATION
Each project has been ranked using the following criteria:
 Costs of construction and design
 Safety of park users
 Equity for all modes of transportation and access to activities and areas within the park
 Value Impact of implemented projects (one bigger vs. several smaller projects)
 Park disruption during construction or with incomplete project zones
COST
Estimated costs are in 2010 dollars and have been based on information from the Colorado Department of Transportation
(CDOT), Urban Drainage and Flood Control District (UDFCD), recent constructed or bid projects & consultant data from
City and County of Denver and design team members.
Unit take-offs are at a conceptual level based on maps, plans, and typical sections included in this report. As detailed
design occurs, quantity requirements for individual projects will likely change.
PHASING
Projects are divided into five phases according to prioritization rank. Each phase has been individually cost estimated in
order to provide for flexibility in planning, design, and construction based on the availability of funds.
A specific assembly of high priority (Phase I) projects is illustrated on the Phase 1 Project Zones map on page 45. This
assembly of projects has been tailored to fit available funds from the 2007 Better Denver Bond Initiative allotted for City
Park improvements and to provide a framework for flexible and logical implementation of following projects.
42
LEGEND
roadway Park Promenade
walks West Meadow
entry monument roadway
E 23RD AVE
walks East Meadow
B2
B2 roadway
Z5 Z7a
zoo parking walks North entry
E 23RD AVE Z7
roadway
B2 Z6 entry road reconfigured
Z4 Park perimeter path
reconfigured intersection,
Z3 entry monumentation Pedestrian Promenade
old road & parking area removed
Z2 remove connection V9 V10 Existing pedestrian loops
W7 road realigned to zoo parking lot
V3a
W16
W1
W 16 park promenade V8 Minor trail
museum parking entry road reconfigured
Z1 E1
roundabout added Removable bollards (proposed)
V3 E1a
W17 V7
V1
E11
V2 V6
V4 E3 E4 MONTVIEW BLVD
W8
E2/E2a
V5 L1
W6 W15 E10 existing road
P1
road removed
W1
1 W5 E9/E9a new road
road closed to
W9 auto traffic E12
W14
W1
W1
14
W12 E10
E5
W4
4
L1
W12
W2 W11 L1 entrance closed
W10 W13
E 18TH AVE
E7 and road removed
pedestrian E6 E8
P2
promenade B1
B1 W3
B1
E13 E 17TH AV
A E
turnaround sized
L D
HARRISON ST.
for bus traffic
COLORADO BLV
STEELE ST.
DETROIT ST.
E 17TH AVE
PARK ESPLANADE.
ADE
ESPLANA
E 16TH AV
A E
LEGEND
Y PARK
PA

CITY
T.
JOSEPHINE ST.
YORK ST.
walks
T
West Meadow
roadway
walks East Meadow 0 300’ 600’ 1200’
roadway N
COLFAX
X AVE.
walks North entry 1”=300’
roadway
Park perimeter path
Pedestrian Promenade
Existing pedestrian loops
CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 PROJECT ZONES
N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’

LEGEND
walks West Meadow
roadway
E 23RD AVE
walks East Meadow
roadway
zoo parking STRIPING
E 23RD AVE Road to be removed
STRIPING
in future phase
Z7a SIGNAGE
Minor trail
STRIPING Proposed bollards
STRIPING STRIPING V10
W7 V3a SIGNAGE SIGNAGE SIGNAGE
STRIPING Temporary bollards
SIGNAGE
RIGHT IN / RIGHT OUT museum parking

STRIPING
STRIPING E1a
SIGNAGE STRIPING
SIDEWALK (south side)) V7
V1 SIGNAGE
V2 V6
E4 MONTVIEW BLVD
REMOVE GATES
& BOLLARDS MAKE ONE-WAY (NORTH)
STRIPING STRIPING
SIGNAGE W6 SIGNAGE ADD REMOVABLE BOLLARDS
NEW BOLLARDS AT PROMENADE P1
STRIPING REMOVE GATE & BOLLARDS
SIGNAGE SAW CUT/ ADD REMOVABLE BOLLARDS
W1 W5 NEW LOCATIONS
REMOVE CENTER
REPLACE CENTER STRIPING
WITH CRUSHER FINES SIGNAGE
FUNISHING & LIGHTING * MODIFY EX. PAVING ADD REMOVABLE BOLLARDS
ADD REMOVABLE BOLLARDS W4 FOR “SPECIAL” BOLLARDS (TEMP)
ONE-WAY ADD REMOVABLE BOLLARDS

W2 W11
STRIPING
E 18TH AVE
SIGNAGE
BOLLARDS (TEMP) P2
W3
E 17TH AV
A E
STRIPING RECONFIGURE GATES REPLACE GATE
L D
HARRISON ST.
SIGNAGE WITH BOLLARDS
COLORADO BLV
STRIPING
STEELE ST.
SIGNAGE
E 17TH AVE
PARK ESPLANADE.
ADE
ESPLANA
DETROIT ST.
E 16TH AV
A E
Y PARK
LEGEND
PA

CITY
T.
JOSEPHINE ST.
YORK ST.
T
walks West Meadow

roadway
walks N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’
East Meadow
roadway
COLFAX
X AVE.
1”=300’
Road to be removed
in future phase
Minor trail
CITY PARK CIRCULATION & PARKING STUDY - SEPTEMBER 2010 PHASE 1 PROJECT ZONES
N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’

ProjectZone/# Vehicularcirc.Project Costmagnitude Priority
WestMeadow
W1 Referto"WestMeadowDrive"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a newcurb&gutter 2632 $8 LF $21,056 2
b repairasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 5783 $8 SY $46,264 2
c 45degpullͲinparking 103 $500 EA $51,500 2
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation,45degparking&bikelane)* 10528 $0.30 LF $3,158 1Ͳ2
e regulatorysignage 26 $200 EA $5,200 1
SUBTOTAL $127,178
f 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $12,718 2
g 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $6,359 2
10%designallowance $14,626
TOTAL $160,881
W2 Referto"EsplanadeRoundabout"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

c decorativepavingtoclarifypedestriancirculation 12438 $2 SF $24,876 2
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation,45parking&bikelane)* 3016 $0.30 LF $905 1Ͳ2
SUBTOTAL $44,869
TOTAL $49,356

a reconfiguregatestoaccommodatebiketrafficwhenclosed* 1
c newcurb&gutter 839 $8 LF $6,712 4
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 3356 $0.30 LF $1,007 1Ͳ4
e regulatorysignage 4 $200 EA $800 1
SUBTOTAL $23,295
TOTAL $25,624

d makeroadoneͲwaygoingNorth* Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 1
e roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 5676 $0.30 LF $1,703 1Ͳ3
f regulatorysignage 14 $200 EA $2,800 1
SUBTOTAL $56,159
g 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $5,616 3
h 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $2,808 3
TOTAL $71,041
W5 Referto"MartinLutherKingJr.Roundabout"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

a removeexistinggate&bollards Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 1
b decorativepavingtoclarifypedestriancirculation 16184 $2 SF $32,368 2
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 2744 $0.30 LF $823 1
SUBTOTAL $35,191
TOTAL $38,710

d makeroadoneͲwaygoingNorth* Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 1
*HighͲpriority&lowͲcostproject
46
e roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 5012 $0.30 LF $1,504 1Ͳ2
SUBTOTAL $51,112
g 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $5,111 2
h 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $2,556 2
TOTAL $64,656
W7 Referto"EntryDrive"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

c roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 7876 $0.30 LF $2,363 1Ͳ5
d regulatorysignage 21 $200 EA $4,200 1
SUBTOTAL $52,947
e 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $5,295 5
f 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $2,647 5
TOTAL $66,978
Pedestriancirc.Project
W8 RefertoMuseum/Garden&MeadowLoopdesignguidelines quantity unitprice total

a improve&repairexistingtrail(tomakeita6'asphaltpath) 398 $13 SY $5,174 2
b sitefurnitureallowance 603 $16 LF $9,648 2
SUBTOTAL $14,822
TOTAL $16,304

a new6'asphaltpath 841 $13 SY $10,933 3
SUBTOTAL $31,125
c 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $3,113 3
d 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $1,556 3
TOTAL $39,373

SUBTOTAL $7,075
10%designallowance $708
TOTAL $7,783

a convertoldroadwaytoa6'asphaltpath(demoexcessroadway) 5282 $1.20 SF $6,338 4
c temp.bollardsinclosedroadsegment* 14 $800 EA $11,200 1
SUBTOTAL $10,882
d 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $544 4
TOTAL $12,569

SUBTOTAL $13,986
TOTAL $15,385
W13 RefertoMuseum/Garden&MeadowLoopdesignguidelines: quantity unitprice total

SUBTOTAL $8,021
TOTAL $8,823

a new6'asphaltpath 40 $13 SY $520 4
SUBTOTAL $1,784
c 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $178 4
TOTAL $2,257

SUBTOTAL $33,374
TOTAL $36,711

Worktobedoneafterplaygroundisrelocated: Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ
SUBTOTAL $25,871
TOTAL $28,458

a new6'asphaltpath 347 $13 SY $4,511 5
SUBTOTAL $17,951
TOTAL $22,708
PROJECTTOTAL $834,824
48
ProjectZone/# Pedestriancirc.Project Costmagnitude Priority
PedProm.
P1 Referto"PedestrianPromenade1"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a sawcutcentersectionofasphalt 1790 $2 LF $3,580 1
b removeinteriorsectionofasphalt 19602 $1.00 SF $19,602 1
c crusherfinesinthecenterofroadway 19602 $2 SF $39,204 1
d sitefurnitureandlightingallowance 895 $124 LF $110,980 1
e removablebollardsseeeastend(fancy) 14 $1,500 EA $21,000 1
f removablebollardsseewestendatMLK(fancy) 22 $1,500 EA $33,000 1
SUBTOTAL $227,366
TOTAL $250,103

P2 Referto"PedestrianPromenade2"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a replaceexistinggatewithbollardsat17th* 9 $800 EA $7,200 1
b sawcutasphalt 2927 $2 LF $5,854 5
c removeNorthsectionofasphalt 35124 $1.05 SF $36,880 5
d crusherfinesintheremovedasphaltsection 35124 $2 SF $70,248 5
e sitefurnitureandlightingallowance 2927 $31 LF $90,737 5
f removablebollardsseewestendatMLK(fancy) 25 $1,500 EA $37,500 1
g removablebollardsseeeastend 5 $800 EA $4,000 2
SUBTOTAL $252,419
TOTAL $277,661
P1Sitefurniture:
lightstwoevery100LF@$6000
Benchtwoevery50LF@$2570
Trashtwoevery250LF@$2850
P2Sitefurniture:
lightsoneevery200LF@$3000
Benchoneevery100LF@$1285
Trashoneevery500LF@$1425

ParkBlvd.
V1 Referto"ParkBoulevard1"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a gettrafficapprovalsforrightͲinrightͲoutaccess Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 1
b gettrafficapprovalsforleftͲinleftͲoutaccess Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 2
c curb&gutter 620 $8 LF $4,960 2
d repairasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 2730 $8 SY $21,840 2
e new8'concretewalks 8336 $6 SF $50,016 2
f roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 2480 $0.30 LF $744 1Ͳ2
g regulatorysignage 10 $200 EA $2,000 1
SUBTOTAL $79,560
TOTAL $87,516

V2 quantity unitprice total
a removalofgatesandbollards Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 1
c roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 2244 $0.30 LF $673 1Ͳ3
d reͲlandscapeinroundabout 12727 $3 SF $38,181 3
e new8'concretewalks 3040 $6 SF $18,240 3
SUBTOTAL $72,446
TOTAL $79,691
a newasphaltroadway&parallelparking 4134 $15 SY $62,010 5
b curb&gutter 1550 $8 LF $12,400 5
c new8'concretewalksonnorth&Southside 12400 $6 SF $74,400 5
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation&bikelanes)* 7750 $0.30 LF $2,325 5
SUBTOTAL $154,335
TOTAL $195,234
V3a Roadtoberemoved quantity unitprice total
a roadwaystriping(forcirculation&bikelanes)* 14310 $0.30 LF $4,293 1
b regulatorysignage 27 $200 EA $5,400 1
SUBTOTAL $9,693
TOTAL $10,662
V4 DuckLake: quantity unitprice total
a repairasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 3392 $8 SY $27,136 2
b curb&gutter(onSouthsideonly) 833 $8 LF $6,664 2
c 8'concretewalk(onSouthsideonly) 6664 $6 SF $39,984 2
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation&bikelanes)* 8330 $0.30 LF $2,499 1Ͳ2
e regulatorysignage(noparking) 16 $200 EA $3,200 1
SUBTOTAL $79,483
TOTAL $87,431
V5 fullretrofit=$230,000 quantity unitprice total
a asphaltremoved 14156 $1 SF $14,156 2
b newasphalt 1249 $15 SY $18,735 2
c concretevallypan 224 $20 LF $4,480 2
d repairasphalt(2"overlay) 3111 $8 SY $24,888 2
e curb&gutter 1808 $8 LF $14,464 2
f roadwaystriping(forcirculation&bikelanes)* 2500 $0.30 LF $750 2
g regulatorysignage 10 $200 EA $2,000 2
SUBTOTAL $79,473
h 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $7,947 2
i 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $3,974 2
50
TOTAL $99,341

b curb&gutter 1844 $8 LF $14,752 3
c new6'concretewalkontheNorthside 5532 $6 SF $33,192 3
e removablebollards* 25 $800 EA $20,000 1
f regulatorysignage(noparking) 18 $200 EA $3,600 1
g crusherfinesalong5280trail 4130 $2 SF $8,260 3
SUBTOTAL $130,698
TOTAL $165,333

b curb&gutter 2456 $8 LF $19,648 3
c new8'concretewalksonNorth&Southside 19648 $6 SF $117,888 3
SUBTOTAL $194,060
TOTAL $245,486
V8 Referto"ParkEntranceTrafficIsland"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a removeasphaltdriveway(betweenparkroad&parkinglot) 1316 $1 SF $1,316 5
SUBTOTAL $1,316
b 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $66 5
TOTAL $1,520
V9 Referto"ParkEntranceTrafficIsland"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

a removeasphaltroadway 2484 $1 SF $2,484 2
b replaceasphaltroadway 297 $15 SY $4,455 2
d new8'concretewalks 832 $6 SF $4,992 2
e roadwaystriping(forcirculation&bikelanes)* 835 $0.30 LF $251 2
g landscapingincenteroftrafficisland 350 $3 SF $1,050 2
SUBTOTAL $16,568
i 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $828 2
TOTAL $20,958
V10 Referto"MuseumDrive2"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

b curb&gutter 2206 $8 LF $17,648 4
c new6'concretewalkonSouthside 6618 $6 SF $39,708 4
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelanes)* 11030 $0.30 LF $3,309 1Ͳ4
SUBTOTAL $92,657
TOTAL $101,923

ZooLoop
Z1 Referto"ZooLoop"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a removeormodifyexistingwalkͲmakeitan8'concretewalk 4120 $6 SF $24,720 5
SUBTOTAL $24,720
b 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $2,472 5
c 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $1,236 5
TOTAL $31,271

a 8'concretewalk 2336 $6 SF $14,016 5
SUBTOTAL $14,016
c 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $701 5
TOTAL $17,730

SUBTOTAL $34,608
TOTAL $43,779

a 8'concretewalk 3784 $6 SF $22,704 5
SUBTOTAL $22,704
TOTAL $28,721
Z5 Referto"ParkPerimeterPath"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

a preserve2'oftheexistingcrusherfinestrail Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 5
b 8'asphalttrail 1856 $13 SY $24,128 5
SUBTOTAL $24,128
d 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $1,206 5
TOTAL $30,522

SUBTOTAL $101,040
TOTAL $111,144
Vehicularcirc.Project
Z7 Referto"ParkEntrance"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

a removeoldasphaltroadway 16404 $1 SF $16,404 2
b newasphaltroadway 250 $15 SY $3,750 2
c repairasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 272 $8 SY $2,176 2
d curb&gutter 1408 $8 LF $11,264 2
e concretewalk 8448 $6 SF $50,688 2
f striperoadway(forcirculation,bikelanes&symbols)* 3000 $0.30 LF $900 2
g noparkingsignage 13 $200 EA $2,600 2
h landscapefortrafficmedian 1329 $3 SF $3,987 2
52
i entrymonument 1 $150,000 EA $150,000 2
SUBTOTAL $241,769
j 20%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $48,354 2
k 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $12,088 2
TOTAL $332,432
Z7a Referto"ParkEntrance"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

a striperoadway(forcirculation)* 3052 $0.30 LF $916 1
SUBTOTAL $916
TOTAL $1,007

EastMeadow
E1 Referto"MuseumDrive1"designguidelines quantity unitprice total
a removeexistingroadway 23936 $1 SF $23,936 4
b newasphaltroadway 710 $15 SY $10,650 4
d roadwaystriping(forcirculation)* 1278 $0.30 LF $383 4
e signage(noparking) 6 $200 EA $1,200 4
SUBTOTAL $41,281
TOTAL $52,221
E1a Roadtoberemoved quantity unitprice total

a roadwaystriping(shareroads&circulation)* 1344 $0.30 LF $403 1
SUBTOTAL $403
TOTAL $444
E2 quantity unitprice total

Museumtomakenecessaryalterationsandrepairs Ͳ ?
E2a quantity unitprice total

SUBTOTAL $300
TOTAL $330

a removeasphaltforroundabout 2164 $1 SF $2,164 3
b asphaltroadwayaroundroundabout 241 $15 SY $3,615 3
c newcurb&gutter 511 $8 LF $4,088 3
d repairasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 313 $8 SY $2,504 3
e roadwaystriping(forcirculation&bikelane)* 2555 $0.30 LF $767 3
g landscapeforroundabout 2164 $3 SF $6,492 3
SUBTOTAL $21,630
TOTAL $27,361

c roadwaystriping(forcirculation,parking&bikelane)* 900 $0.30 LF $270 1Ͳ3
d 6'concretesidewalkthroughmonumententrance 990 $6 SF $5,940 3
e noparkingsignage 2 $200 EA $400 1
SUBTOTAL $14,322
TOTAL $15,754
E5 Referto"EastMeadowDrive"designguidelines quantity unitprice total

a newasphaltroadway 2196 $15 SY $32,940 3
b pullͲinparkingspaces 35 $500 EA $17,500 3
c curb&gutter 1976 $8 LF $15,808 3
d 12'concretemultiͲusetrail 11856 $6 SF $71,136 3
e 5'crusherfinestrail 4940 $2 SF $9,880 3
f roadwaystriping(forcirculation)* 1976 $0.30 LF $593 3
g parkingsignage 40 $200 EA $8,000 3
54
h pedlightsevery200LF 988 $15 LF $14,820 3
SUBTOTAL $170,677
i 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $17,068 3
j 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $8,534 3
TOTAL $215,906
E6 Referto"EastMeadowDrive"designguidelines quantity unitprice total

a repair&reuseexistingasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 606 $8 SY $4,848 3
b pullͲinparkingspaces 18 $500 EA $9,000 3
c curb&gutter 1636 $8 LF $13,088 3
f roadwaystriping(forcirculation) 1636 $0.30 LF $491 3
g removablebollards* 16 $800 EA $12,800 1
h temporarybollards* 6 $800 EA $4,800 1
i parkingsignage 24 $200 EA $4,800 3
j pedlightsevery200LF 818 $15 LF $12,270 3
SUBTOTAL $129,173
k 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $12,917 3
l 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $6,459 3
TOTAL $163,404
E7 EastMeadowTurnaround quantity unitprice total

a repair&reuseexistingasphaltroadway(2"overlay) 137 $8 SY $1,096 2
b newasphaltroadway 46 $15 SY $690 2
f roadwaystriping(forcirculation)* 420 $0.30 LF $126 2
g removablebollards(notatP2)* 5 $800 EA $4,000 2
h regulatorysignage 10 $200 EA $2,000 2
i asphaltdemo 995 $1 SF $995 2
SUBTOTAL $27,191
j 10%grading&landscaperemovalallowance $2,719 2
k 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $1,360 2
TOTAL $34,397

a close17thAve.&removeasphaltroadway 7132 $1 SF $7,132 2
b removewoodbollards Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 2
c repaircurb&gutterat17th 45 $8 LF $360 2
SUBTOTAL $7,492
d 5%irrigation&landscaperepairallowance $375
TOTAL $8,653

a removeasphaltroadway 29042 $1 SF $29,042 3
b removewoodbollards Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ 3
SUBTOTAL $29,042
TOTAL $33,544
E9a Roadtoberemoved quantity unitprice total


SUBTOTAL $248
TOTAL $273
Pedestriancirc.Project

a sitefurnitureallowance 2090 $16 LF $33,440 4
SUBTOTAL $33,440
TOTAL $36,784

a sitefurnitureallowance 1813 $16 LF $29,008 4
SUBTOTAL $29,008
TOTAL $31,909

a 5'crusherfinestrail 5760 $2 LF $11,520 4
SUBTOTAL $11,520
TOTAL $12,672

a midͲblockcrossing 1 $15,000 EA $15,000 2
b connectiontopedpromenadenew6'asphaltpath 172 $13 SY $2,236 2
SUBTOTAL $17,236
TOTAL $18,960

ParkPerim.
B1 Referto"ParkBorder"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a 2'crusherfinestrail 10464 $2 SF $20,928 5
SUBTOTAL $41,078
TOTAL $45,186
B1 Referto"ParkBorder"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total

a preserve2'oftheexistingcrusherfinestrail Ͳ $2 SF Ͳ 5
SUBTOTAL $11,453
TOTAL $12,598
56
LakeLoop
L1 Referto"LakeLoop"designguidelines: quantity unitprice total
a Benches&TrashCans 4156 $7 LF $29,092 4
SUBTOTAL $29,092
TOTAL $32,001


L1Sitefurniture:
Benchoneevery250LF@$1285
Trashoneevery1000LF@$1425

PHASING
PHASE1: PHASE2: PHASE3: PHASE4: PHASE5:
W1 d,e $8,358 a,b*,c,d*,f,g $141,055

W2 d,e $2,905 a,b,c,d* $42,869
W3 a,d,e $1,807 b*,c,d* $22,495
W4 d,e,f $4,503 a,b*,c,e*,g,h $60,080
W5 a,c,d $2,823 b $32,368
W6 d,e,f $3,904 a,b*,c,e*,g,h $56,379
W7 c,d $6,563 a,b*,c*,e,f $56,689
W8 a,b $14,822
W9 a,b,c,d $35,794
W10 a,b $7,075
W11 c $11,200 a,b,d $11,426
W12 a,b $13,986
W13 a $8,021
W14 a,b,c,d $2,051
W15 a,b $33,374
W16 a,b $25,871
W17 a,b,c,d $17,951
P1 a,b,c,d $227,366
P2 a,f $44,700 g $4,000 b,c,d,e $203,719
V1 a,f,g $27,752 b,c,d*,e,g* $52,552

V2 a,c,f $2,673 b*,c*,d,e $70,446
V3 a,b,c,d,e,f,g $177,486
V3a a**,b $9,693
V4 a*,b,c,d,e $79,483
V5# a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i# $230,000
V6 d,e,f $26,366 a*,b,c,d*,f,g,h,i $127,537
V7 d,e $8,684 a*,b,c,d*,f,g $218,169
V8 a,b $1,382
V9 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i $19,053
V10 d,e $5,509 a*,b,c,d* $90,457
Z1 a,b,c $28,428
Z2 a,b,c $16,119
Z3 a,b,c $39,799
Z4 a,b,c $26,109
Z5 a,b,c,d $27,747
Z6 a $101,040
Z7 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k $332,432
Z7a a** $916
E1 a,b,c,f,g,d,e $47,473
E1a a** $403
E2
E2a a** $300
E3 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i $24,874
E4 c,e $670 a,b*,c*,d $13,922
E5 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j $196,279
E6 g,h $17,600 a,b,c,d,e,f,i,j,k,l $130,949
E7 a,b,c,f,g,h,i,j,k $16,346 d,e $14,924
E8 a,b,c,d $7,867
E9 a,b,c $30,494
E9a a** $248
E10 a,b $33,440
E11 a,b $29,008
E12 a,b $11,520
E13 a,b $17,236
B1 a,b $41,078
B2 a,b $11,453
L1 a $29,092
SUBTOTAL $414,395 $1,054,085 $937,454 $318,357 $774,871

30%contingency $124,319 $316,226 $281,236 $95,507 $232,461
10%designallowance $53,871 $137,031 $121,869 $41,386 $100,733
TOTAL $592,585 $1,507,342 $1,340,559 $455,251 $1,108,066

*evaluatetheneedforpavementrepairandreͲstriping
**stripingforroadstoberemovedinlaterphases
#alternativepricingof$91,394forlimitedreconstructionofthepavilionparkinglo
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Plan For Denver's City Park

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Plan For Denver's City Park

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CIRCULATION AND USE PLAN FOR

DENVER’S CITY PARK

PREPARED FOR DENVER PARKS AND RECREATION

Lead Consultant - Wenk Associates

Bill Wenk - Principal

Transportation Consultants - Fehr & Peers

Carlos Hernandez - Associate

Britta Herwig - City Park Planner

Carla Madison / City Council District 8

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES 10

The four principal goals of the Legacy Plan were to:

PURPOSE OF THIS CIRCULATION STUDY

This study has four major areas of focus:

• Operations and management interests

• Event logistics and amenities

City Park Circulation Study 7

HISTORIC PARK DEVELOPMENT 1882-1960

CITY PARK USE STUDY (BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING 1998)

NORTHEAST PARKING STUDY (MUNDUS BISHOP DESIGN, INC. 2000)

The key recommendations of the master planning document “Revitalizing

City Park Circulation Study 9

PEDESTRIAN & BICYCLE ROUTES

F) Inconsistent material types are used in the perimeter

Vehicular route Entry monumentation

Regional bicycle route

Traffic light Entry monumentation

0 300’ 600’ 1200’

A THE HISTORIC MCCLELLAN GATEWAY AT 21st AVE. AND YORK ST. IS

THE ROAD BETWEEN THE WEST MEADOW AREA IS PERCEIVED TO BE A

THE LAYOUT AND SEQUENCE OF ONE-WAY ROADS ARE

City Park Circulation Study 13

City Park Race Track circa 1928

City Park Circulation Study 15

THE CHARACTER OF THE ENTRY FROM COLORADO BLVD. AT 22ND

City Park Circulation Study 17

Museum & Zoo Roads:

City Park Circulation Study 19

Museum & Zoo Roads:

Pavilion Parking Lot:

Museum & Zoo Roads:

PEDESTRIAN & BICYCLE CIRCULATION

Museum & Zoo:

City Park Circulation Study 21

RE: Entry Drive 2

RE: Museum Drive 2

LEGEND Bold type callouts refer to typical

Enlargements & Cross Sections

Major Vehicular Route

N 0 300’ 600’ 1200’

45 Degree Angled Parking

35 Passenger Car Parking Spaces

COLFAX AVE. 45 Degree Angled Parking

35 Passenger Car Parking Spaces

E 17TH AVE neighborhood

follows proposed road realignment

RE: East Meadow Drive pg. 29

Pedestrian Promenade (existing closed roadway)

RE: 5280 Trail pg. 41 alterations required

RE: Pedestrian Promenade 1 & 2 pg. 37-38