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Expt 2 Measuring Density and SG

This document is a lab report for an experiment measuring densities and specific gravities using a hydrometer. The experiment involved using a universal hydrometer and four hydrometer jars. The procedure was to fill one jar with water to calibrate the hydrometer scale to read 1.00. Then, three jars were filled with test liquids and the scale readings for each liquid were recorded. The goal was to determine specific gravities of the liquids using the hydrometer.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
116 views12 pages

Expt 2 Measuring Density and SG

This document is a lab report for an experiment measuring densities and specific gravities using a hydrometer. The experiment involved using a universal hydrometer and four hydrometer jars. The procedure was to fill one jar with water to calibrate the hydrometer scale to read 1.00. Then, three jars were filled with test liquids and the scale readings for each liquid were recorded. The goal was to determine specific gravities of the liquids using the hydrometer.

Uploaded by

mariel dolojan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
HYDRAULICS LABORATORY

Student No.: Poos 1o491 Z


Course & Section: CE140-1P /ro4 Group No.:---=------

Experiment No. _2_

Meo S1.,1rernent of Densit,·es and -Sp eci'f,'c 6rav ,ty


TITLE

Date Performed: September 4. 2019

Date Submitted: September- 11, 2019 GRADE

Engr- Cn'-s Edvvord IVlof"jordin


Instructor

l
MYORAULiCtl D~P.ARTMt:NY
I

~ame:j DoL OJ AN , Mar::1 Ela,ne .s · I


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Subje~ &Section: CE140-1P /64 ·- - 9/04 /201q I ! I
Date Perforf ed: I i ·.1
ted:: q /1'2/ 20HJ I
Ir struf or: Eh9r- Cr,,·1$ Edward Mo~lard,·n Da~ Submi
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EXPERIMENT NO. 2
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MEASUREMENT OF DENSITIES AND SPECIF C GRAVITIES
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MENT A: Determining Specific Gravity Usirg a Hy ~omrter
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' j od e densities and specific gravities using a hydro eter I
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UJnive al hydrometer
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4 off ydrometer Jars
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HYOP.OM !'!iE R JA R
-g";1A1NmG 1.. 1ah10

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LABORATORY
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PROCEDURE:.. I
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METHOD:
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\"'" (a) r\\\ one hydrometer jar wi-c\, sufficient water to ftoat the hydrometer
_':~i<:. and check that the scale ri'.?.:kinq correspondi'pg to. depth of immersion
i.·J.t ·· , reads 1.00 \
·. j_' . \' · (b) Fi\\ three hydrometer jars v, h:h thE: liquids to1be tested with sufficient
\l '1,. \ , \ of the liquids to float the hydrcrricter and no~ for each liquid the scale '

1.r 1\\ \ \ ,
1 reading. \ .
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tjt-- 1\\ · \
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1 NOTE~ It is suggested that the liquids should be.those to be l!ISed in Experiment 2 i \


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icit \' \ \ \ for determining the viscosity ot :\qu'.ds: an enginf oi\,1glycerol, and castor
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:1rif.,"r.'~\\\\\ '· \\ '\"i oil. \ I \

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"' - ••i ' I· \

>\\\ \ \ RESU TS: \ II .


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it~1:1H\ \\ ~ rom tr\c Pressure _ _ mm ofHg \ '\ 1·.

ti-. ,~\\, I\ · I \
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4\;· :\~ \ i '., "femp rature 23 °C \


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3l_ ':: , ·1
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Liquid Scale Readh-19 :: Spech1c GJavity, S
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H: t
t
\ Water 1-o O
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,: l h
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l \ ' 01~s e t ·
Kero.serle l O,lB
o.q,z
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)· ·I\• :\• ' .

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Since \ dens1'ty of 1·1gu1'd = Q
s= (Eqn 1)
'\ . :, 1
-r. 1 ~ 1 \ density of water Pw i
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. t· ~- ➔JI
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. ...~• Pi _,
- Is·Pw '
;.- ; ." \ 1
\ gm 1 6 3 kg
)\ '· . Ji
: ' -:' i·
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A ·
nd P'' = - = -x
w ml 10 3
lO = 10 - .
m'
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F:
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Liquid
Water
_gm/ml
1- 00
kq/m3
1 , 000
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EXP.ERIMENT a: Determining Specific Gnvit" 1'--/n,J '.? 1J~T1..!l~e Ma;-,omete;-
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l . D(!C77ON: i•
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A manometer is a tube usually bent in a form of a u, contai ing of known specific


ravit:yl, the surface of which moves propcrtionally to chang s of pressure. It is used
t , me~sure pressure.

he th~ e types of manometer are open type, differential pe and piezometer. The
open type manometer has an atmospheric surface in one l~g and is capable of
~ easu ing gage pressures. A differential type manometer i without an atmospheric
~~rfac and capable of measuring only differences of press re. A piezometer is the
~jmple form of open manometer. It is a tube tapped into wall of a container on
cpndui for the purpose of measuring pressure. The fluid in the container or conduit
rises i this tube to form a free surface.

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Tio be . ble to get the specific gravity cf tile kercserie using the :iianometer. 'I
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Mano J eter

h.aoRA TORY PROCEDIJ.'?.E:

1. ~et up the manometer. .• · -.:

2. Place water to the tube.


3. Place kerosene after you places the water.
4. Record the reading of the pressure heaci. ·
s. !Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the succeeding tria:.
6. !Solve for the specific gravity.
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REPdRT; I •

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1. What is the use of manometer?!
2. Differentiate the three types of manomec2t. . . ~
, 3. Given the height of the fluid coll,;rnn, h;-= 20m, f!•, 1d density, p::: Skg/ m-'.
,Calculate the manometer pressure.

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t'~ _.., . --· -·-. ·-

L -- ·-· - - - -- ----------
-
- - - ---- - --------- -- - - - -· -
t=- FINAL DATA SHEET-- -
f- DATE: Septe~ 4 , 2019
NA!'-1E · Mart Elo ,ne s.
l-- DO L OJAN,

SUBJECT & Sl:::CTION ;;.-·:=


SEAT NO. - -- -
· =AO~-~
::.: - W~ -J=E__±f::~M
= -==========
--· - __ __GRQUP. NQ ._ _3.:::....--- - - --

1 EXPERIMEN7"NO. 2
i MEASUREMENT OF DENSITIES AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES

I , D- D,esel , K - Kero -s ene , C - Coo l-..,n c,

GROUP
,____N_O.
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TRIAL
NO.
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YH,o
(kN/ m3)
0 ,1

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hw
(~)
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hk
(m)
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sk
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1-~~---L.
1l
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l . t ttt 2
9 B1

q 01 .
-
/ 0 - 181

--, ----- ---·- -·-


/___~ _2_10
- _ _l_ C _ .. ____ 9 8! _ _ /--~~2~_4__ ___ - - ~ :__2~1- __ _,_ ___ o~-- ··- · 1_ _ -- ~ ~~04 __ _- -;
"'-
v


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o . fc.54 ____ _
o . ,eqS

t --- --- -- -- 1 o q,a1 f o-205____


0 -208 - - - ~ oo ______L_ J ·_ 'a_~-~- ______ /
2 -- - 21,;-- --9 -s -1 -- _ ~~ ?~~ __ _ __ o. 2e~ ______ 1_ oo ___ c .7_q3 _______ I ! ___
-c-:-_ s~.=-.J -
1
--- t~
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3
1 o
2 "
L..s
q.e,
q e1- -
- o 219
0 . 090
0 . 135
o a1s
c, . 1"'5
o . ·1~0 - .
1-eo _ _ __ ' _ o-'o'ob_ ___ /
1 . oo
1-
o-as1 {
oo- --- -- - --o-1q4 _____.
- ---·--- j... · - - · -- - - ---- - - - -- · - - - - -- - --- - - ---,

- ----- --
4

,
3 C
: ~ - - -99
- ~ - -- -i---
9 -~1

:1, - ~:: ;:
0 - 105 0 -115

~-; :~
1.oo
: :: -- ---1---- ~r_- -__-
0 - 913 '

C

1 o
_ _2 K
3 C

-- __
9 - ~1
9 -81
Cf -e1 ___ _
0 .1 91
0 -13B
o.1e?
0 . 1 91
0 - 1~3
-~ - 22.s
1-00
1.00 =7
1 .0:0-- -- ·
~

0
.<a
o -<oo
91

4
7
- - -- ·-,
I 3
~
q 81 0 24a - - --- ·· - - - -- - - ----- - -
/
C.
:. () : . 0 - 27 1 '.-~~---.L___ 0 -90.S -·--- I1

.- ..... -- .... ---·- . ___ ·----- - --- -


,.

JO
.~ .::- - : :.

-----.__-·----:~__:±:____. : ~ ~ -I~~-l
5. . ..'_:., .:;__: .

~; ~-; ~:.~--~-~1./1:·... 1-/.·-·.";·:_


._.:.\')/;y '\

_ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ ;__..:c__:..:...;=:.:
·-=··· --- -- - - -·· -•- . -

-
·-- - - --·- - ·· i ;:;. ~- •
, • I:.) .
- .. _...
V• l ·f
- -_- -
....., .. _,..;, ---1 ~oG--·-·-- ·-- · ------O··.lo3"9 -·· ··-
6 2 K 9 -01 0 -204 0 : 2-55 1 - oo 0 - 705

3 C 9 -'()1 0 - 10.5 0 - 145 1 - oO 0 . 913

True Value:

Average Sk:

Percent .OE Error:

. - · - - - - -- - --- - - - ·· --< -• - · - -·~ • ------ - ... - - ·- · · · · "'-

, ..
.•' ..
f

. -- ·-·-·- ------------ ,, . -- -~-- ·.

11 ·----. ,:__ '


. - - ~v: 7 -~ - . -- ..~--..: ~ - --· · ---· ....._.. _,,__ ;... --------- ------- --·- -- - __,
.!.;.~- '._..-_..f••
. , .. · .-;_"'· ,
-.
\ -

Materials used:
1.00o

UOo HYDROMETER • \-\~drorntter \S an


l,2oo

uoo \ns,rumen, used ~o measure ;he -spe-


t.ljOO ci-fic 9rovi1~ or re\atwe densi11 01
\·,quids. l\'ldrorneie.r s are usu a\\ y
made of g\oss and consists of
. a Dj\indr,ca\ stem arid a bu\ b
wei9n1ed wi1n .a heovy motena\ 10
maKe n f\oa, upright.
U-\UBE M~NOME1ER
measures the oifference rn air O(
\iquid pressure b~ compor,ng \t
lo an ou\s,de source.
'
GRI\DUA1EO CYLINDER• used to
hold \he \iqu,d 10 be measured...

I
Sample Comp..t to+,on :
A. Defer-m,'0ing Spec,•fic 6ravi"fy <AS1n9 q l-lydrome+er

fL . _ Sfw ; fw:: 1. OCXJ k9 lrn{j

fo,ese/ , 0-86 ( 1,CXX) k.9/l'h~) {


., / •·· ~~iesel _: 880 k9!rn~ /

B. Defer-m ine Speei"fic Grav ity lAsi'n9 a U- tube . MonofYleter

For o ;e&el = f P=O

~L"' dwhl\l - q.a1 kt-J/rn3(o.oqo)


~ - (0 -105)

.-. l\"1, • 8. 41 /..N /ms

SG :e. '61..lo'r,); 8-41 kN/rri?> I CJ-B1 kN /m 3


r.·. SG = o.857 /

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· INTRODUCTION:
Densit1 i'5 o ph~'3i° cal property of mq tter -fhoi
e)(presses a relo tion-ship of mQo\S to vo/u rne. The more

ma-s-s on otuect contQ,n,s r'n o ._gi'ven 1Space , 1he rnore

det)Se ,t. 10.


Speci_fic Grav;ty , ol\So ca/led relative .den-s,ly, ,·s
'
1he rqtio cf -fhe den13;ty of a .sub6tqnce io that of o

oton dQrd .substance.

Both den.si+y and .spe c,'f, c grQvi° ty of : o moteri"QI rem-

ains the same V1J1thout regard to hoV\J rriuch of tf1ot fYlater,·cl)

,-s pre'5ent . There fore , they ore i'ntensive property.


1he usual ·6tandard of cornpcir i'son for liqw'd 1-s v\Joter,

v-ihich has a den1Sity of 1, OCO kg/ rn 3 .

Bvoyqncy 16 rntimci te lt reloted ro \Spec,·f,c grav,t'{

and density · If a oub<Stonce hoG 1Spe6f1 c grav ity 1ess +hon


'
+hot of flu i'd , tt will f loat on thcd flu i ct -
Q
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A"1on9 1he devices U6e to rneo,sure spe6fi'c grovd8, I
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h'ldrometer and \J - t\Jbe rno()orne..ter ,·\$ UE;ed i'n +hi~ ·

e,,<perrmen+ .
OBJECi\VE;
Tne objec1ive of lhis e'Y-perimen\ is to
ob1ain the specific grovi1y or fluids spec1fi-
ca11y diesel . kerosene ana cooking oil using
hyctrome1er ond trianorne1er ano 10 see 1he
Te\a\ionsh1\l density and specific gravi1y

CONCLUSION

In th is ey, pen rneni , specific gra\J i-


fas of three -f\uios • diesel Kerosene and
cooking oil were success fu\\~ . oO\ai ned di re-
c1 \y and inctir ec\\~ 1..1slng h~drome\ er and
manometer respeCii\le\y llsin9 %nome\tr, jusl
ge\ \ne he(g\11 ot 1he \"\qu"ic\ · and wa1er and
use 1he summa-tioo of pressure ,o get H- ·
qu·id 's s 9ecif ic \i\1eigh;.
The re\a1icmship 01 specitic 9t0'i ii\}
and densit~ 'NUS found. 1o 9et 1nt s~ec,·t\c -
gravi,y of f\u\d us,f\9 densi1~ ju st ge, .
·1ne ra~io of f\u,d densi1~ . D\Jer deriS\1'/
of \Na\er. \f the 1Speci1ic grovit"} of tY\e
\,quid is grea1er ·than one, i1 rneons ,1 ,-s
r
I denser thqn wo1er and \nee Vet\SC\
I
\\ is seen thai specific gravity and
I density of a fluid is cons1an1 In .s1andard
concli1ions regard \Qss of ihe amount of the
subs\ance lherefore ii is an in1rinsic pro-
~er\y and can be ucsed 10 iden1ify un Known
~ubsta-nce.

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APPL! CA1tONS TO EN61t-JE£RING :

Spe.cd'ic Grav,t)' ha-s rnon-1 ether appf,cations :

gernolo9 1-st13 use rt to d, -s tingui'5h 1S1rnilor gems ·, chetni·s t,


io check on t he progre-ss of reachons and the progre,ss

of reoe,fton.s • ond auto rnechon;cs


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fo ie-st bqtter-'{ flu,d

cmd anh - freeze . It 1-s also the bas, s of method ihrou9h -

out h 1-& tor1 io Concen1rote ores .

Jn Civ;I Er\91neer1ri9 . specific grovit)' of ihe ..sorl

helps you to find ou ➔ ihe den-sdy . poro\Sd'/ , vo,d rai10 and

degree of \S01urahori . All ihe'5e f()cfors help ,n delerfY11n1n9

.~he 9uolit'( of soil , l"-Jhe ther ,t ,s good to be used for


con.struc11on purposes or not .

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