Presents

Crash Course

STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION

SSC JE – CIVIL 2019
CLASS # 6

Building Materials
A Presentation by
Sandeep Jyani
1
231. The 28 days cube strength of mass concrete using
aggregates of maximum size 5 cm for gravity dams should
be
a) Between 150 to 300 kg/sq cm
b) Between 350 to 600 kg/sq cm
c) Between 150 to 500 kg/sq cm
d) Below 200 kg/sq. cm
231. The 28 days cube strength of mass concrete using
aggregates of maximum size 5 cm for gravity dams should
be
a) Between 150 to 300 kg/sq cm
b) Between 350 to 600 kg/sq cm
c) Between 150 to 500 kg/sq cm
d) Below 200 kg/sq. cm
232. Which of the following refers to the process of proper
and accurate measurement of concrete ingredients for
uniformity of proportion?
a) Grading
b) Curing
c) Mixing
d) batching
232. Which of the following refers to the process of proper
and accurate measurement of concrete ingredients for
uniformity of proportion?
a) Grading
b) Curing
c) Mixing
d) batching
233. What are the dimension of a 35 litre forms for
measuring aggregates by volume?
a) Length 30 cm, breadth 25 cm, height 30 cm
b) Length 39 cm, breadth 25 cm, height 32 cm
c) Length 27 cm, breadth 27 cm, height 48 cm
d) Length 220 cm, breadth 25 cm, height 40 cm
233. What are the dimension of a 35 litre forms for
measuring aggregates by volume?
a) Length 30 cm, breadth 25 cm, height 30 cm
b) Length 39 cm, breadth 25 cm, height 32 cm
c) Length 27 cm, breadth 27 cm, height 48 cm
d) Length 220 cm, breadth 25 cm, height 40 cm
234. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of sample of
concrete is compared in ____.
a) Compression test
b) Split test
c) Tension test
d) Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
234. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of sample of
concrete is compared in ____.
a) Compression test
b) Split test
c) Tension test
d) Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
235. The risk of segregation is more for
a) Water mix
b) Larger proportion of maximum size aggregates
c) Coarser grinding
d) all option are correct
235. The risk of segregation is more for
a) Water mix
b) Larger proportion of maximum size aggregates
c) Coarser grinding
d) all option are correct
236. How many components are mainly used to prepare
concrete?
a) 5
b) 3
c) 2
d) 4
236. How many components are mainly used to prepare
concrete?
a) 5
b) 3
c) 2
d) 4
237. Retarders are used for
a) Construction of high rise building
b) Repair works
c) Cold weather condition
d) Grouting deep oil wells
237. Retarders are used for
a) Construction of high rise building
b) Repair works
c) Cold weather condition
d) Grouting deep oil wells
238. What is the ratio of components is grade M-20 concrete?
A) 1 : 3 : 6
B) 1 : 15 : 3
C) 1 : 1 : 2
d) 1 : 2 : 4
a) Only A
b) Only B
c) Only C
d) Only D
238. What is the ratio of components is grade M-20 concrete?
A) 1 : 3 : 6
B) 1 : 15 : 3
C) 1 : 1 : 2
d) 1 : 2 : 4
a) Only A
b) Only B
c) Only C
d) Only D
239. How many types of machine mixes of concrete are
available?
a) 2
b) 5
c) 6
d) 3
239. How many types of machine mixes of concrete are
available?
a) 2
b) 5
c) 6
d) 3
240. Excess vibration during compaction of concrete can
lead to
a) Bleeding
b) Segregation
c) High strength
d) Air bubbles
240. Excess vibration during compaction of concrete can
lead to
a) Bleeding
b) Segregation
c) High strength
d) Air bubbles
241. Sea water
a) Contains a salinity of about 3.5 percent
b) Corrodes the reinforcement of R.C.C
c) Accelerates the setting time of cement
d) all option are correct
241. Sea water
a) Contains a salinity of about 3.5 percent
b) Corrodes the reinforcement of R.C.C
c) Accelerates the setting time of cement
d) all option are correct
242. If the slump of a concrete mix is 60 mm, its workability
is
a) Very low
b) Low
c) Medium
d) High
242. If the slump of a concrete mix is 60 mm, its workability
is
a) Very low
b) Low
c) Medium
d) High
243. What is standard size of the cubes (mm) which is used
to calculate the strength of concrete?
a) 20
b) 60
c) 70
d) 150
243. What is standard size of the cubes (mm) which is used
to calculate the strength of concrete?
a) 20
b) 60
c) 70
d) 150
244. The lower water cement ratio in concrete, introduces
a) Smaller creek and shrinkage
b) Greater density and smaller permeability
c) Improved frost resistance
d) all option are correct
244. The lower water cement ratio in concrete, introduces
a) Smaller creek and shrinkage
b) Greater density and smaller permeability
c) Improved frost resistance
d) all option are correct
245. To obtain a very high strength, concrete, use very fine
grained.
a) Granite
b) magnetite
c) Barite
d) Volcanic scoria
245. To obtain a very high strength, concrete, use very fine
grained.
a) Granite
b) magnetite
c) Barite
d) Volcanic scoria
246. Tensile strength of concrete is found out using:
a) CTM
b) Gradual tensile test
c) Split tensile test
d) Radial tensile test
246. Tensile strength of concrete is found out using:
a) CTM
b) Gradual tensile test
c) Split tensile test
d) Radial tensile test
247. Compaction of concrete is done to:
a) Place concrete on flat surface
b) Remove air bubbles
c) Place concrete on sloping surface
d) Introduce air bubbles
247. Compaction of concrete is done to:
a) Place concrete on flat surface
b) Remove air bubbles
c) Place concrete on sloping surface
d) Introduce air bubbles
248. The final operation of finishing floors is known as:
a) Floating
b) Finishing
c) Trowelling
d) All are correct
248. The final operation of finishing floors is known as:
a) Floating
b) Finishing
c) Trowelling
d) All are correct
249. Wp and Wf are the weights of a cylinder, containing
partially compacted and fully compacted concrete. If the
compaction factors (Wp/Wf)is 0.95, the workability of
concrete is:
a) Extremely low
b) Very low
c) Low
d) High
249. Wp and Wf are the weights of a cylinder, containing
partially compacted and fully compacted concrete. If the
compaction factors (Wp/Wf)is 0.95, the workability of
concrete is:
a) Extremely low
b) Very low
c) Low
d) High
250. What is the ratio (approximate) of 7 days and 28 days
strength of cement concrete
a) 0.45
b) 0.65
c) 0.95
d) 1.15
250. What is the ratio (approximate) of 7 days and 28 days
strength of cement concrete
a) 0.45
b) 0.65
c) 0.95
d) 1.15
251. The fineness modulus of fine aggregate is
a) 2 to 3.5
b) 3.5 to 5
c) 5 to 7
d) 6 to 8.5
251. The fineness modulus of fine aggregate is
a) 2 to 3.5
b) 3.5 to 5
c) 5 to 7
d) 6 to 8.5
252. LOS angeles machine is used to test the
a) Crushing Strength
b) Impact Value
c) Abrasion resistance
d) Water absorption
252. LOS angeles machine is used to test the
a) Crushing Strength
b) Impact Value
c) Abrasion resistance
d) Water absorption
253. Good Quality sand is never obtained from
a) River
b) Naala
c) Sea
d) Gravel powder
253. Good Quality sand is never obtained from
a) River
b) Naala
c) Sea
d) Gravel powder
254. The flaky aggregate is said to be elongated if its length is
a) Equal to the mean size
b) Twice the mean size
c) Thrice the mean size
d) Four times the mean size
254. The flaky aggregate is said to be elongated if its length is
a) Equal to the mean size
b) Twice the mean size
c) Thrice the mean size
d) Four times the mean size
254. The flaky aggregate is said to be elongated if its length is
a) Equal to the mean size
b) Twice the mean size
c) Thrice the mean size
d) Four times the mean size
255. Grading of sand causes great variation in
a) Workability of concrete
b) Strength of concrete
c) Durability of concrete
d) All of the above
255. Grading of sand causes great variation in
a) Workability of concrete
b) Strength of concrete
c) Durability of concrete
d) All of the above
256. Bulking of sand is
a) Less in fine sand
b) More in coarse sand
c) More in medium sand
d) More in fine sand
256. Bulking of sand is
a) Less in fine sand
b) More in coarse sand
c) More in medium sand
d) More in fine sand
257. For RCC construction, the maximum size of coarse
aggregate is limited to
a) 10 mm
b) 15 mm
c) 20 mm
d) 25 mm
257. For RCC construction, the maximum size of coarse
aggregate is limited to
a) 10 mm
b) 15 mm
c) 20 mm
d) 25 mm
258. Grading of aggregate in a concrete mix is necessary to
achieve
a) Adequate workability
b) Higher density
c) Reduction of voids
d) Better Durability
258. Grading of aggregate in a concrete mix is necessary to
achieve
a) Adequate workability
b) Higher density
c) Reduction of voids
d) Better Durability
259. For a given aggregate ratio, increasing the water cement
ratio
a) Increases the strength
b) Decreases shrinkage
c) Increases shrinkage
d) Does not cause any change in shrinkage
259. For a given aggregate ratio, increasing the water cement
ratio
a) Increases the strength
b) Decreases shrinkage
c) Increases shrinkage
d) Does not cause any change in shrinkage
260. An aggregate is known as Cyclopean aggregate if its size is
more than
a) 75mm
b) 4.75mm
c) 30mm
d) 60mm
260. An aggregate is known as Cyclopean aggregate if its size is
more than
a) 75mm
b) 4.75mm
c) 30mm
d) 60mm
261. Bulking is
a) Increase in volume of sand due to moisture which keeps
sand particles apart
b) Increase in density of sand due to impurities like clay,
organic matter, etc
c) Ramming of sand so that it occupies minimum volume
d) Compacting the sand
261. Bulking is
a) Increase in volume of sand due to moisture which
keeps sand particles apart
b) Increase in density of sand due to impurities like clay,
organic matter, etc
c) Ramming of sand so that it occupies minimum volume
d) Compacting the sand
262. An aggregate is said to be flaky if its least dimension is
less than
a) 2/3 mean dimension
b) 1/2 mean dimension
c) 3/5 mean dimension
d) 3/4 mean dimension
262. An aggregate is said to be flaky if its least dimension is
less than
a) 2/3 mean dimension
b) 1/2 mean dimension
c) 3/5 mean dimension
d) 3/4 mean dimension
263. Coarse sand has a fineness modulus in the range of
a) 2.2 to 2.4
b) 2.4 to 2.6
c) 2.6 to 2.9
d) 2.9 to 3.2
263. Coarse sand has a fineness modulus in the range of
a) 2.2 to 2.4
b) 2.4 to 2.6
c) 2.6 to 2.9
d) 2.9 to 3.2
264. The Resistance of an aggregate to the effect of
hydration of cement and water is called
a) Impact value
b) Soundness
c) Crushing strength
d) Abrasion Resistance
264. The Resistance of an aggregate to the effect of
hydration of cement and water is called
a) Impact value
b) Soundness
c) Crushing strength
d) Abrasion Resistance
265. The bulking of sand occurs due to
a) Air in voids
b) Moisture in voids
c) Surface tension
d) Capillary action
265. The bulking of sand occurs due to
a) Air in voids
b) Moisture in voids
c) Surface tension
d) Capillary action
266. The fineness modulus of an aggregate is roughly
proportional to
a) Average size of particles in the aggregate
b) Grading of aggregate
c) Specific gravity of aggregate
d) Shape of aggregate
266. The fineness modulus of an aggregate is roughly
proportional to
a) Average size of particles in the aggregate
b) Grading of aggregate
c) Specific gravity of aggregate
d) Shape of aggregate
267. The strength of concrete is mainly dependent on
a) Quality of fine aggregate
b) Water cement ratio
c) Fineness of cement
d) Quality of Course aggregate
267. The strength of concrete is mainly dependent on
a) Quality of fine aggregate
b) Water cement ratio
c) Fineness of cement
d) Quality of Course aggregate
268. The resistance of a material to penetration is
a) Toughness
b) Hardness
c) Fatigue
d) Roughness
268. The resistance of a material to penetration is
a) Toughness
b) Hardness
c) Fatigue
d) Roughness
269. The aggregate impact value of the aggregate used in
a) Building concrete is less than 45
b) Road pavement concrete is less than 30
c) Runway concrete is less than 30
d) All options are correct
269. The aggregate impact value of the aggregate used in
a) Building concrete is less than 45
b) Road pavement concrete is less than 30
c) Runway concrete is less than 30
d) All options are correct
270. If aggregates completely pass through a sieve of
75mm, the particular aggregate will be flaky if its minimum
dimension is less than
a) 20.5 mm
b) 30.5 mm
c) 40.5 mm
d) 50.5 mm
270. If aggregates completely pass through a sieve of
75mm, the particular aggregate will be flaky if its minimum
dimension is less than
a) 20.5 mm
b) 30.5 mm
c) 40.5 mm
d) 50.5 mm
271. If fineness modulus of sand is 2.5, it is graded as
a) Very fine sand
b) Fine sand
c) Medium sand
d) Course sand
271. If fineness modulus of sand is 2.5, it is graded as
a) Very fine sand
b) Fine sand
c) Medium sand
d) Course sand
272. For ensuring quality of concrete, use
a) Single sized aggregate
b) 2 sized aggregate
c) Graded aggregate
d) Coarse aggregate
272. For ensuring quality of concrete, use
a) Single sized aggregate
b) 2 sized aggregate
c) Graded aggregate
d) Coarse aggregate
273. The bulk density of aggregate does not depend upon
a) Size and shape of aggregate
b) Specific gravity of aggregate
c) Grading of aggregate
d) Size and shape of the container
273. The bulk density of aggregate does not depend upon
a) Size and shape of aggregate
b) Specific gravity of aggregate
c) Grading of aggregate
d) Size and shape of the container
274. The impact tests are used to determine
a) Ultimate crushing strength
b) Toughness
c) Ductility
d) Tenacity
274. The impact tests are used to determine
a) Ultimate crushing strength
b) Toughness
c) Ductility
d) Tenacity
275. According to IS 382 1963, a good aggregate should be
a) Chemically inert
b) Sufficiently strong
c) Hard and durable
d) All options are correct
275. According to IS 382 1963, a good aggregate should be
a) Chemically inert
b) Sufficiently strong
c) Hard and durable
d) All options are correct
276. What is the maximum height through which concrete
can be poured?
a) 0.1 to 0.6 ,
b) 0.8 to 1 m
c) 0.5 m
d) 2 m
276. What is the maximum height through which concrete
can be poured?
a) 0.1 to 0.6 ,
b) 0.8 to 1 m
c) 0.5 m
d) 2 m
277. The aggregate which is obtained from sea shores or
rivers and produces minimum voids in the concrete is
known as
a) Angular aggregates
b) Flaky aggregates
c) Irregular aggregates
d) Rounded aggregates
277. The aggregate which is obtained from sea shores or
rivers and produces minimum voids in the concrete is
known as
a) Angular aggregates
b) Flaky aggregates
c) Irregular aggregates
d) Rounded aggregates
278. The most useless aggregate is one whose surface
texture is
a) Smooth
b) Granular
c) Glassy
d) Honey combed and porous
278. The most useless aggregate is one whose surface texture is
a) Smooth
b) Granular
c) Glassy
d) Honey combed and porous
279. If aggregates completely pass through a sieve of 75 mm
and are retained on a sieve of size 60 mm, the aggregates will be
known as elongated aggregates if its length is not less than
a) 81.5 mm
b) 91.5 mm
c) 101.5 mm
d) 121.5 mm
279. If aggregates completely pass through a sieve of 75 mm
and are retained on a sieve of size 60 mm, the aggregates will be
known as elongated aggregates if its length is not less than
a) 81.5 mm
b) 91.5 mm
c) 101.5 mm
d) 121.5 mm
280. IS sieve numbers 10mm and 4.75 mm are generally used
for grading of
a) Coarse Aggregate
b) Fine aggregate
c) Both coarse and fine aggregate
d) NOTA
280. IS sieve numbers 10mm and 4.75 mm are generally used
for grading of
a) Coarse Aggregate
b) Fine aggregate
c) Both coarse and fine aggregate
d) NOTA
 Concrete

“Concrete is a composite material composed of

fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with
cement that hardens over time”

Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 103

 Concrete

“Concrete is a composite material composed of

fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with
cement that hardens over time”

𝑀5 → 1: 5: 10 𝑀15 → 1: 2: 4
𝑀7.5 → 1: 4: 8 𝑀20 → 1: 1.5: 3
𝑀10 → 1: 3: 6 𝑀25 → 1: 1: 2

Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 104

 Concrete

II. Strength of III. Non

I. Workability
Concrete Destructive Tests

1. Schmidt
1.Compressive
1.Slump Test Rebound
Strength
Hammer Test

2. Ultrasonic
2. Compaction 2. Tensile
Pulse Velocity
Factor Test Strength
Test

3. Flow Table
Test

4. Vee Bee
Consistometer
Test
Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 105
 I. Workability
✓Workability is the property of concrete by virtue of
which it can be easily mixed, transported, placed,
compacted and finished.
✓It may also be defined as the amount of useful internal
work required to be done in order to achieve the full
compaction.
Workability Depends upon following factors:

1. Water Content:
• Addition of water in concrete doesn’t affect its workability,
moreover it reduces the strength of the concrete due to
increase in water cement ratio.
• In order to increase the workability, cement content is also
to be increased in same proportion as that of water , such
that water cement ratio remains constant.

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 I. Workability
2. Aggregate cement ratio:
• Higher is the aggregate cement- leaner is the concrete
which in turn reduces its workability due to lesser
availability of cement paste to lubricate the aggregates.
• Less is the Aggregate Cement ratio, richer is the concrete
which results in high workability
3. Shape of Aggregate:
• Round shape aggregate has more workability
because it requires less surface area for lubrication.
4. Texture of Aggregate
• Smooth aggregates - highly workable mixture
• Rough aggregates -poor workable mixture
Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 107
 I. Workability
5. Size of aggregates:
• Larger size aggregates result in the formation of high
workable mixture because it requires lesser area to be
lubricated
6. Grading:
• Well graded – High workable concrete
• Poorly graded- Low workability
7. Admixture:
• Addition of plasticizers and superplasticizers result in
formation of higher workable concrete

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Testing of Concrete for Workability

1. Slump Test

2. Compaction Factor Test

3. Flow Test

4. Vee Bee Test

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1. Slump Test:
• Most common method
• Frustum having top diameter
10cm, bottom dimension
around 20 cm, height of 30 cm
• Concrete to be tested in filled in
the mould in four layers where
each layer is compacted 25 no
of times with the help of rod
• Mould is removed immediately
by lifting it in upward direction
which causes the concrete to
subsidize and the subsidence of
the concrete is referred as
slump which may also defined
as difference of the height of
the mould and the top level of
the subsidize concrete.
Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 110
• Higher the value of Slump, more is the workability
• This test is not suitable for the concrete which
process either very high workability or very low
workability.

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 2. Compaction Factor Test:
• This test is used for the concrete
possessing very low workability for
which slump test is not suitable.
• Principle of this test is based upon
finding the degree of compaction
achieved by the standard amount of
work done by the concrete when
allowed to fall from known height
• This degree of compaction is
represented in terms of compaction
factor that represents the density
ratio : Density of concrete obtained
during test to the Density of fully
compacted concrete

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Slump Test and Compaction Factor Test:

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3. Flow Table Test
• This test is done for concrete having
very high workability
• Consists of a circular table and mould
in form of frustum(top dia 17cm,
bottom dia 25cmand height 12cm)
• This mould is then placed on the table
and concrete to be tested is filled in it
in two layers
• It is raised immediately and table is
lifted and dropped by 12.5 mm, 15
times in 15 seconds
• The spread of concrete direction is
measured in at least 6 directions and is
further used to represents the
workability in terms of flow percent.

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4. Vee Bee Test
• This test is used for the concrete
that possessed low workability
having the value of slump limited
to 50 mm.
• In this test mould in the form of
frustum in placed inside the
cylinder and concrete to be
tested is filled in the mould that
is lifted immediately after it is
filled completely.
• The cylinder is then subjected to
vibration and the time required
by the concrete to assume the
cylinder shape is noted which is
further used to represent the
workability in terms of Vee – Bee
Degrees.

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 II. Strength Of Concrete
1. Compressive Strength of
Concrete
• Compressive strength of concrete is measured in
UTM using the mould that may be either be cubical,
cylindrical, trapezoidal or prismoidal in shape.
• Generally cubical mould of size 150 mm is used if
the maximum nominal size of aggregate is greater
than 20 mm and of size 100 mm is used if the
maximum nominal size of aggregate is less than 20
mm.
• If cylindrical mould is used, height to diameter ratio
is kept to be 2:1. Generally height of 30 cm and dia
of 15 cm is used.
• The results obtained from cylindrical mould are
found to be more precise than the results obtained
from cubical mould.
• Strength of the concrete measured using cylindrical
mould is approx 0.8 times the strength obtained
from the cubical mould as the straining effects of
the platens (plates of UTM) is found to be for the
entire height of the cubical mould.
Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 116
 II. Strength Of Concrete
2. Tensile Strength of Concrete
• Tensile, strength of the concrete
is tested indirectly, by noting its
modules of rupture that is
determined by preparing a block
of size 15 cm × 15 cm × 70 cm if
the Maximum nominal size of
aggregate is greater than 20
mm; and of size 10 cm × 10 cm ×
50 cm if the maximum nominal
size of aggregate is less than 20
mm.
• The beam is then placed over
the roller supports and is
subjected to the load at which
its failure takes place that is
further used to find its modulus
of rupture (stress at which
failure takes place)
Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 117
 III. Non Destructive Tests
1. Schmidt Rebound
Hammer
• In this test rebound hammer is used to
analyse the quality of hardened concrete
which consists of spring controlled rebound
mass that slides over the plunger in tubular
housing
• When the release button is pressed,
rebound mass strikes against the surface to
be tested and retracks due to spring force
carrying along the rider with it in backward
direction.
• Displacement of which is noted over the
scale and is termed as rebound number
that is further used to analyse the quality of
structure.
• Higher is the value of rebound number,
better is the quality of the structure. The
results obtained from the test are
dependent upon various factors such as

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2. Ultrasonic Pulse velocity test
• This test deals with the
measurement of time of travel of
electronically generated mechanical
pulse through the structure to be
tested that is further used to analyse
its quality.
• The mechanical pulse is generated
with the help of Electro Acoustic
Transducers and detected with the
help of Transmitter that is further
used to analyse the time of travel
and the velocity of pulse through the
structure so as to represent the
quality of structure.

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 MORTAR
• The term mortar is used to describe the paste obtained
by addition of water in the Mixture of binding material
like cement or lime and aggregates like sand.
• The binding material used for the preparation of mortar is
also termed as Matrix and the aggregate used is also
termed as adulterants.
Qualities of Sand

Functions of Sand

Qualities of Good Mortar

Types of Mortar

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 Qualities of the sand to be used for
Mortar
• It should be free from the presence of organic
matter and vegetative matter.
• It should be chemically inert.
• It should not consist of chemical salts that absorb
the moisture from the atmosphere.
• It should be well graded.

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 Functions of sand in Mortar
1. Bulk : Sand in Mortar does not impart strength to it
but helps in adding Bulk or volume which makes the
mortar more economical
2. Strength: Sand helps in adjustment of the strength of
the mortar that is achieved by increasing or decreasing
its proportion in mortar
3. Surface Area: Sand Subdivides the base of binding
material into number of layers thereby increases the
surface area over which mortar can be spread
4. Shrinkage: Sand in mortar helps in reducing the
shrinkage during the setting process thereby prevents
its cracking and increases the durability of the
structure.

Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 122

 Qualities or Good Mortar
1. The mortar should not affect the durability
of the construction units in which it comes
in contact with.
2. It should be capable of bearing the design
stresses.
3. It should be capable of resisting the
penetration of water to the structure, that is
it should offer higher water tightness.
4. It should be cheap, durable and easily
workable.

Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 123

 Types of Mortar
• Depends upon type of construction

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