Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Chapter 1 B® caw wi Section 1.1 (page 9) ‘ © 03) Vocabulary Check (page 9) L@y O¥ Oi OW Odi « 2. Canesian 3, Distance Formala 4. Midpoias Formula 1. A:(2,6), B:(-6,— ow 3 © 3.4) =5) UL Quadrant IV 13. Quadrant 18. Quadrant If or IV 17. Quadrant I 19. Quadrant I or II @) YT057 (©) (125,35) Be 28.5 27. (a) 43,5) 4 29.) 10,3, JTO9 (by 108+ # Lay ) 10 at. (V5) + (V5) 06.4) $3, 2 = 14.294 = 9) «(mtx it sO (s+ 3x, 91+ 3y9) FG 7) 47. 2/505 = 45 yards 49. $3803.5 million . 51. (0.1), (4,2). (14) 58. (=3,6),(2, 10), 2.4), (— 55. $3.31 per pound; 200157, = 250% TaaldVHOA7& —_Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 59, (a) The number of anists laced each year seems to be 1. @) Yes_(0) Yes__3.@) No_() Yes nearly steady except forthe irs few years Fromsixto 5, z ight ass will be elected in 2008 ets fe ft fe | (&) The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened in 1986. > |? Is ts I Te 61, 1998: $19,384. million: 2000: $20,228 0 milion 2002:_$21,9615 milion ey] crrfosfas “. = 1.12 inches [sat 65. Length of side ~ 43 centimeters area = 800.64 square centimeters 61.) () T= 15w; p= Sw () TS meters x 5 meters () 2002 (©) Answers will vary. Sample answer: Technology now enables us to transport information in many ways other than by mail, The Internet is one example. 9. vimercepts: (42,0) 11, sintercept (8,0 intercept: (0,16) seincercept: (0 43, wintercept (4,0) 18, intercept. 0) intercept: (0,2) intercept: (0,7) 17, winerceps: (0,0), (2,0) 19. sintercept: (6,0) (@) The point is reflected through the y-axis. yrintercep: (0,0) peintercepts:( () The point is reflected through the axis. 2. ; (©) The poiat is reflected through the origin. 73, False, The Midpoint Formula would be used 15 times 175. No. It depends onthe magnitudes ofthe quantities measure. Tb Bc Wd 80 Sham! Bixs2e VT xed 8. MereD Section 1.2 (page 22) Vocabulary Check (page 22) 25, janis symmetry 27. Origin symmetry 1. solution or solution point 2 graph 29. Origin symmety 31 axis symmetry Sinteroepts 4. rans § cic; th. Rr 6 mune49. 3 Intercepts: (0,0), (-6,0) Intercepts: (3,0), (1,0), (0,3) 5 Intercepts: (~3.0), (0.3) Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests — A79 6 $9. BEF +1) OL. e+ + (y= BPS 63. (x — 3)? + (y - 4) = 25 5. Center: (0,0); Radius: § 67. Conter: (1, 69. Center: ($5); Radius: $71, () Answers will vary mm x= By 808 (©) A regulation NFL paying Geld is 120 yards long and Sot yds wide The actual areas 400 square yards. 7. (and) aro 1820) () 65.0 years (#) 2005: 77.0 years; 2010: 77.1 years (6) Answers will vary TualdVHOABO —_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 171, False. A graph is symmetric with respect to the axis if ‘whenever (x, ) is on the grap (x, ~9) i also on te graph. 79. The viewing window is incorrect, Change the viewing window, Answers will vary 81.5 48-7 88205 ws WE og Section 1.3 (page 34) 1m 0 19, mis undefined, intercept: (0,3) “There i no y-intercept. Vocabulary Check (page 34) 4. linear 2, slope 4. perpendicular 6. linear extapelation Laili bi cv di ew 3. parallel 5, rale or ale of change L@ Ly Ly oh bons mes u. y-intercept: (0, 3) 5. 9. psintercept: (0, 4) 13. mis undefined. 18. m= -} T intercept ysintereept: (0,5) “per 29, 31. 33. s 37. 39, mis undefined (.0,6.0,(-1,1) (6-5), (7.-4),(8, -3) 8.0), (-8.2),(-8.3) (4,6), (3,8), (=2, 10) (=), 01,0), (13, 1) y= a= 2 4147. Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests ABT 6. 6. 1. 7B. 8. n. B. 83, 85 87, Perpendicular 67, Parallel @y=2-3 wy @y=-h+} wy @ys0 Wxe- @x=2 Wy=5 @ yax443 Op ys—e+93 Bet 2y-6=0 SL Idrt3y +2=0 xty-3=0 Line (b) is perpendicular to line (), Line (a) is parallel to line (b). (c) is perpendicular line (a) and line (). +o 89, 93, 95, 97, 101, 102. 103. fo Bro 2y-1=0 91. S0r+ 12y+ 139-0 (@) Sales increasing 135 units per year () No change in sales (6) Sales decreasing 40 units per year {@) Salary increased greatest from 1990 to 1992; Least from 1992 to 1994 () Slope of line from 1990 vo 2002 is about 2851.83, (6) Salary increased an average of $2351.83 over the 12 years berween 1990 and 2002 12 feet 99. Vix) = 3165 ~ 1251 b; The slope is ~20, which represents the decrease in the amount of the loan each week. The y-intercept is (0, 200) which represents the original amount ofthe loan, €; The slope is 2, which represents the hourly wage per unit produced. The j-intercept is (0.8.50) which repre sents the initial hourly wage, 4; The slope is 0.32, which represents the increase in travel cost foreach mile driven, The y-intercep i (0, 30) which represents the amount per day for food, TualdVHO‘Ag2 104. 10s, 107. 109. 1, us. us. uy, us. 11. 12. 125, 2. 129. 133. Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests The slope is ~ 100, whic represents the decrease inthe value of the word processor each year, The y-inercept is (0, 750) which represents the initial purchase price of the y= 048251 — 2.2325; yl8) = $6.45; 920) = $7.42 V=—105r + 875 @ y= 1195+ 40571 €b) 8) = 42.07, (10) = 4,308) m= 1795 508s. (@) C= 16751 + 365500 () R= 2% (© P= 1025136500 (@) 1~ 3561 hours @ i th y= 8x4 90 om (@ m= 8,8metes c= 038% + 120 (@) and) : (6) Answers will vary, Sample answer y= U7 Md (@ Answers will vary, Sample answer: The ysintercept indicates thal initially there were —14.1 million subseribers which doesn’t make sense in the context of this problem. Each year, the number of cellular phone subscribers increases by 11,72 million (6) The model is arcurate (© Answers will vary. Sample answer: 196.9 million False, The slope with the preatest magnitude corresponds (o the steepest ine Find the distance between each two points and use the Pythagorean Theorem, No. The slope cannot be determined without knowing the scale on the y-axis. The slopes could he the same Veintescept: initial cost; Slope: annual depreciation @ Bee Bha 1b 135. 3,7 137. No solution 139, Answers will vary Section 1.4 (page 48) Vocabulary Check (page 48) 4, domain: range; Sanction 2. verbally; numerically; graphically; algebraically 43. independent; dependent 4, piecewise-efined 5. implied domain 6, difference quotien 1. Yes 3. No 5, Yes, each input value has exactly one output value. 7. No, the input values of 7 and 10 each have two diferent ‘output values 9. (a) Function () Not a function, because the element 1 sponds to (wo elements, ~2 and 1, in B (©) Function (@) Not a function, because not every element in A is ‘matched with a element in . 111. Bach is a function. For each year there corresponds one and only one circulation. 13, Nota function 15. Function 49, Nota function 21. Function in A com 17. Fanction 23, Not a function 23.) © 2-5 27. (@) 367 © For 2%. @1 25 (32 3a) J) Undefined (©) wai @-1 oft 3@-1 H2 WS wa -7 4 9 ». »]2]-)9 |) | fol. [-2[- 1 at Tos] =a] 3] — a [a o fe fa Bry -2[-1]o]}if2 vols [2 [«h fo 5 4} 4s Shovel 52-1 3,0 $7, Alleal numbers Al eal numbers except 1 = 0 All real numbers y such that y 2 0 663. All eal numbers x such that I< x <1 65. All eal numbers x except x = 0, —21 0. 1. 2 5. n. m. B. 39, o1. 93. 95. 99. All real numbers such that ¢ > 1 except Al eal numbers x such that x > 0 {(=2,4}, (1, 1, (0.0), (1,1) (@.4)) (-2,4), (1,9, (0.2), (1,3),2, sa) = eres 2 76 fly) = exe =} 32,78. Ai) = ev ri) BHhheO BL SxS 3xh +H +3 FO +3 VERS De 3 (@) The maximum volume is 1024 eubie centimeters. o 7 wes 88, aA Yes, Vis a function of x (© V=sQ4-ayocre 12 AIT xo ‘Yes the ball will be ata eight of 6 fet 1990: $27,300 97. (@) C= 1230 + 98,000 1991: $280 () R= 1798 1992: $29,168 1993: $30,648 1994; $32,492 1995; $34,700 1996; $37,272 1997; $40,208 1998: $41,300 1999; $43,800 12000: $45,300 2001: $48,800 2002: $51,300 2400 20 (6) P= 5.68 — 98,000 @R © n> 80 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests ABS. 101. (@) ) 0) b= VE= OE, d > 3000 103, False. The range is [—1,c0) 10S. The domain is the set of inputs of the function, and the range isthe set of outputs 107, (a) Yes. The amount you pay in sles tax will increase as the price ofthe item purchased increases (©) No. The length of time that you study will not neces mine how well you do on an exam. 13. = ay- 11-0 ° 109. us. Section 1.5 (page 61) Vocabulary Check (page 61) 1, ordered pairs 2, Vertical Line Test 3. xeros 4, decreasing 5. maximum 6, average rate of change; secant Todd & even A, Domain: (29, -1},[1, 20) 3. Domain: [=4, 4] In [90 | 100 | 110 | 120 [iso [10 [150 Rin) | 9675] $700 | s71s | $720 | szis | s700 | sors ‘The revenue is maximum when 120 people take the tip, Range: [0, 20) Range: [0,4] 50 (1 (|O @-2 7.) 3 (0 1 @—3 9 Function AL, Nota function 13, Function 18, £6 1.0 02/2 Make 2} 2, . 1. . .. } - we 1. Increasing an (~00, 20) 4| 3, Increasing on (20, 0) and (2, ¢2) Decreasing on (0.2) TualdVHOABA 35. Increasing on (—ce, 0) and (2, 20); Constant on (0,2) 37, Increasing on (1, 20}; Decreasing on (—20, ~1) Constant on (1, 1) 3», 33. Constant on(—29, 02) Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Decreasing on (~e0, 0) 1 2 a. os « 39. \ i Relative minimum: Relative maximum: (,-9) (15,025) of : 91 Relative maximum: (~1.79, 8.21) Relative minimum: (1.12, 4.06) : 37. Inereasing on (0, 20) 6. . Increasing on (—20, 0) 6. |, Decreasing on (0, 02) or. \ 6. \ 1. 5. [1, 06) f(x) < 0 for all x The average rte of change Goms x, = 010 “The average rate of change from x, = 110 ‘The average tate of change ftom x, = 110m, = 3180 ‘The average rte of change fom x, = $10.x, = His ~4 ven: yranissymmeiry 7B. Odd origin symmeiny Bis 2 Sie 18. 5. Neither even nor odd; no symmetry xd 3 3. 1. h= 20 () 30 wats (@) Ten thossands —(b) Ten millions @ (©) Percents (&) The average rate of change ftom 2002 to 2007 is 408.56, The estimated revenue is increasing each year ata fast pace. |. (@) = 16 + 6d + 6 om (6) Average rate of change ~ 16 (@) The slope ofthe secant line is positive. (©) Secant line: 16r + 6 om93, 9, 97, 99, 101, 103, 10s. 16"? + 120 @s © (©) Average rate of change = —8 (@) The slope of the secant line is negative. (6) Secant line: -81 ~ 240 oe @s © (©) Average rate of change ~ —32 (6) The slope ofthe secant line is negative. (e) Secant line: ~321 + 120 oe False. The function f(x) = J eal numbers (@) Even, The grap is a reflection in the x-axis. () Even, The graph is a reflection in the y-axis. (6) Even, The graplis a vertical translation of f (@ Neither. The graph isa horizontal tanslation of f T has @ domain of all @ G4) @ G-4) @ (4.9) 4-9) @ ‘ a © ‘ © Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests ABS. © ‘ o “ Uf) All the graphs pass Uhrough the origin. The graphs of the ‘dd powers of x are symmetric with respect to the origin, and the graphs of the even powers are symmetric with respect to the y-axis. As the powers increase, the graphs become flatter in the interval =1 JT S09, £0 L@ =)? @)e=1_@xt @x wx @ YYRSTA1 (a) VA ad Domains of f and g fsx > —4 Domains of g and f- 2 all real sumbers 3 @xtt ) VP FT Domains of f and g «fall real numbers Domains of ¢ and f- : all real sumibers x such that x 2 0 39.1 Ix- 6) bl +6 Domains of fg fg, and g «J: all real numbers wiles Dorian of gall real numbers Domains of fg: all real aumbers x except x a2 GO 4.@0 m4 47. fo) 8, 0) 1 49. fl) = YE, ga - 4 si. fo) =4, goy=2 +2 xy 83. f) = Ey ato [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Ag Sredie mies pectow) plod + ba) = ad 57. @) ef) 100 7) (©) (5) the population change inthe year 2005 59. (9) (A = MYO) = S31P — 10201 + 1338 (A + Ma) = 1014.96 (A + NS) = 861.84 (A + NU) = 878.64 0) A= MO = 141 = 17.6 + 132 (A — N)@) = 8416 (A= NY) = 81.44 (A= Nyt2) = 123.84 a. 10.20 + 92.7 3.3577 — 25.461 + 379.5 y= 0865 FOIE + 74 (©) yy oy 99 = 2892" ~ 0.851 + 479.5; this amount nts the amount spent on health cae i the United States om = (@) tn 2008, $1298.708 billion is estimated t0 be spent cn health services and supplies, and in 2010, $1505.4 bilion is estimated 63. @ r= ZW) Al) = art (© (4-0) = a2)’: (4-90) represents the area of the cizcalar base of the tank on the squace foundation wit side length x 5. (2) N(TU) = 30(30° + 21 + 20) This represents the mame ber of bacteria inthe food ata function of time. () 1 = 2.846 hours 67. g( f(s) represents 3 percent of an amaunt over $500,000. 69. False (f-g)(s) = 6x + Land (g f(s) = 6x + 6 Th. Answers will ary, 73.375. 7 TualdVHOA92 ~—_Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Tanya 1. ax + 2y 2 19. (@)_flsls)) = fle Section 1.9 (page 99) vi x ast) = a VE= 8) Vocabulary Check (page 99) Vv fen 1. inverse; fanwerse 2, range; domain Biyox 4 one-to-one 5. horizontal -9 Laake 3. PG) a p-8Sh or plyas ae wb tha ma 1B. «9 seen) = (3) = 263) =» 2 21. (@) flel)) = f(VI=R). 2 <9 9- (Vas) = x a(f0)) = 2 - x), x20 T= =F) =x 0 15. @) sign) = 254) ssa) = g(t +1) © ; 17. @ slg) = (YB) ==2». 33. 39, 41 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests ASB. (©) The graph of f~! isthe reflection of the graph of fin the line y = x (@) The domains and ranges of f and f-! are all real umers 48. J) oy 2/4] 5 [8 ofif2[s Yes 31. No “ 38. (6) The graph of fis the reflection of the graph of fin the ine y= x “ font (@) The domains and ranges of f and f-! ae all real / rumbers x such that x > 0 4 ct 48.0 (a) = JE=¥ 08x22 ‘The function has ‘The function does not have oy The function does not have an o © © @ @ Oo) Fe) (©) The graph of f~' is the same asthe graph of f (@) The domains and ranges of f and f-! are all real . /; numbers x such that 0 sx 5 2 a pia ‘The graph of J—* is the reflection of the graph of fin the line y = x The domains and ranges of f and f-! are all seal umber, i) (6) The graph of /~'is the same asthe graph of f (@) The domains and ranges of f and f-! are all real numbers x except x td 49. (2) fra) =P TualdVHOAga 51. ( 33. Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Oy ; (©) The graph of f-! isthe reflection of the graph of fin the line y = x (@) The domain of f and the range of f-! are all real pumbers x except x= 2, The domain of f-! and the all zeal numbers ¥ except x = 1 (©) The graph of f~! isthe reflection ofthe graph of fin the line y = x (@ The domains and ranges of f and JM! are all zea numbers. @ r= So w 79. (3) f74(108,209) = 11 () J represents the year for & given nurnber of house- holds in the United States. (©) y= 1578.686 + 90,183.63 oy 12 90183.63 py ws Taree (©) 7MLN7.002) = 17 (8) £-#(08,209) ~ 11.418; the results are similar. B1. (a) Yes (b) 7 yields the year fora given numberof miles traveled ‘by motor vehicles. (© 72632) = 8 (@) No. f(0) would not pass the Horizontal Line Test. ( = 2550 , ana numbers x except » = $ 133, @) x— Fb) xo 8 Domeins of fg. g.and g +f all eal numbers 135, fla) = x, gle) = x= 5 BT. (a) ( + dt) = ~360 4. 80a,6r — 1112 © ( + (10) = 3330 139. -'G) 143, « “The function has an “The function has an 147. (@) J-') = 26 © : (6) The graph of fis the reflection of the graph of f in the line y = x, (@) Both fand J-! have domains and ranges that are all real numbers, 149. (2) frila) = P= 1, vO oo (©) The graph of f-! isthe reflection ofthe graph of fin the line y = x (@) fltas a domain of [—1, 50) and a range of [0, 20): J! has a domain of[0, oo} and a range of (~1, 2). Jin ISL x24 1G) 1583. @) : 3 ; Yer () The model sa good ft for the acral data 155, Model: m = $f; 32tlometets, 16 kloreers 157, Afactorof 189, = 2 hours, 26 minutes‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A101 161, False. The graph is reflected in the s-ans, silted nine 6 (@ = H—3P=16 Lt y— units tothe lef and thea sifted 13 units downward £ ltr+ 1-9-0 9. (@) de— Ty +44 =0 6) Tet dy S8=0 1 4 1 ve W@-g W-a OTR L. -10s x10 12, (a) 0.204314 o 163, True. If is directly proportional to x, then y = kx, 1/y. Therefore, x is dreely proportional toy. 165. A function front a set Ato a se Bisa relation that assigns taeach element x in the set A exactly one eensenty i the (6) Increasing on (—0.31, 0), (0.31, 20) Decreasing on (—20, ~0.31). (0,0.31) wo (@) Even 13. @) 0.3 Chapter Test (page 123) &) Log (6) Tncreasing on (—20, 2) Decreasing on (2,3) (@) Neither even nar odd 14. @ -5 Midpoint: (2,2); Distance: /35 » 2. = 11.937 centimeters N\ 3. No symmetry 4. yas symmetry \ (©) Increasing on (5, 2) Decreasing on (- (@) Neither even nor odd 15, . 22, -5) TualdVHOA102 —_Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 16, Reflection in the x-axis of y = Ih] 17, Reflection in the saxis, horizontal shift and vertical shift oly = VE 18. (@) 2x — ax = 2 © ~3e @ () 44-12 Ide! + 22x! + 28x — 35 1 eras (©) Bet + 24e = 18x? = 1208 + 68 (0) ~9x + 30 = 16 Ls 2 Lew 9. @) x50 ITA x0 © xo0 oz 20. fn) = YF=B 1, No inverse GP x20 a vos 8 22. 40) wa-By 28.6 6 Problem Solving (page 125) 1. (@) Wy = 2000 + 0.07S (b) W, = 2300 + oss Roth jobs pay the same monthly salary if sles equal 815,000. (@) No. Job 1 would pay $3400 anal job 2 would pay $3300, 3. (2) The function will be even () The function will be odd (6) The function will be nether even nor odd. 5. fl) = ax + ayy pS ays? S18) = a,,(— a)" + it alax) +a, @) 7. (@) 81Z hours (b) 253 miles per hour = 180 (oy Bee + s400 1190 Domain: 0-< x ¢ 42 Range: 0 5 y $3400 ® 3 9. (8) (Fo g)la) = de + 24 (0) (Fog)%G) = 3x 6 © FG) = bi @ (1 f-) = x6 © eA) = 88 FEY S') = YET 1G) = be: (1 f-90) = BY (© Ansosers wil vary. @) (f+) 1. @) } © i © x ©13. Proof, 1 @ oe SU) 2fola le =3]-2[o [1 wrse[s [1 [-s]-s OTF =]o]t «rie [+ [o [2 [6 @ x 4] 3]Jo]s wwf? fr fils Chapter 2 Section 2.1 (page 134) Vocabulary Check (page 134) 1. nonnegative integer; real 3. axis 2. quadkatic; parabola 4, postive; minionum S. negative; maximum © i Vertical shrink Vertical shrink and reflection in the 2-axis ‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A103 @ Vertical stretch Vertical stretch and reflection in the axis ay © : Horizontal shift Horizontal shrink and vertical sbi @ t © Horizontal stretch and vertical shift Horizontal shift 1. 15, ; Vertex: Axis of symmety: axis scintercepts: ( V5, 0) Verex: (0, =4) Axis of symmeuy: yaxis scinterepte (22 V3, 0) TUALdVHDA104 v7, a. 2s. 31 3 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Venex: (-5,-8) Avis of symey x intercep: (=5 Vertex: (4,0) Axis of symmetry: x = 4 seintercept: (4, 0) os 6,0) Verex: (1.6) Axis of symmety: = 1 svintercepts: (1 + V0 Axis of symmetey: x =} No.inercep A mo? Vertex: (3,20) Axis of symmety:x No wistecept Vertex: (4, ~16) Axis of symmeuy: x = 4 svintercepts: (4,0), (12,0) Vertex: (—1, 4) ‘Axis of symmetry: x= “1 -wintereepts: (1,0), (—3, 0) “ Vertex: (4, -5) \ Axis of symmetry: x intercepts: (—4 4 V3.0) -4 Vertex: (4, -1) Axis of symmetry: x = 4 12.0) intercepts: (4 35. a. 41 45, 49. 53 57, 6. 6, 1. 78. 83 85, “ Vertex: (-2, -3) Axis of symmetry: x = -2 af Als imencepi: (2+ ¥6,0) ye? Byes Ness yo + 242 48. f)= G4 2P +5 Sh) = He 3) 47, fla) = ie — SP 6 12 So) =~ + 3) (4,0) 55. 6,0),¢ 7 0), (6,0) Po de3 wet des fea el) Sls) = 2x2 Ts 3 ree) B16 8x(50 - 4) 3 eG) 55,55 @a fc RTs fe ps [~ [3 [2 A | 600 [ 1067] 1400 | 600 | 1667 | 1600 x 2Steay — s8bteet (©) They are identical. To feet 79, 204ixtures SI. $50,000 units (@) $14,000,000; $14,375,000; $13,500,000 (&) 24; $14,400 @ (©) 4299; answers will vary (©) 8879; 2487. @) (©) 69.6 miles per hour 89, True. The eavaton has no rel soutons,so the grap has no siatercepts a1. st) =o(v +B) +8 93, Yes. A graph ofa quadratic equation whose verex is on the axis has only one intercept. 9. ya—betd Oy adres roi, ~4 103, 109 Section 2.2 (page 148) 9.27 105, Answers will vary Vocabulary Check (page 148) 2, Leading Coefficient Test 4, (a) solution: (b) (x ~ a); (€) s-imtercept 6. standard 1. continous 3omn=1 5. touches; crosses 7. Intermediate Value © he Bb 6&e 2d L 5. 9.0) } © IL @ © [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests A105 o ; @ 3 13, Falls to the left, rises to the right AS, Falls to the lft, flls tothe sight 17. Rises to the left, falls tothe right 19. Rises tothe lf, falls tothe right 21, Falls to the lft, falls tothe sight 25, 7 27.) +5 (©) odd multiplicity; number of turning points: 1 o “ 2.3 (@) even muluplicity; sumber of tuning points: 1 o 31 (a) -2.1 (©) odd multiplicity; number of turning points: 1 © 4 a Se, TUaLdVHOA106 ——_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 3. (@) 0,2 V9 45.) (b) odd mullplicity; number of tuming points: 2 © “ () xinte — © x=0, 35. (a) 0.2 (@) The answers in par (6) matel the s-inereepts () 0, odd multiplicity: 2, even muliplicity: number of 47. f(x) = a= 10x49, fla) = x4 + de = 12 tuming points: 2 S1. f(x) = x8 + Sx? + 6x © $_ 53. fla) = x= d= Ox + 36x $5. flx) =a 2x2 ST. fla) = hae 4 |p, 59, f(x) = + 23x LL fe) =P =e 63. fis) = x4 +P = 1S 4 28 10 Lot 65. fs) = x5 + 16x! + 9609 + 25602 + 2564 a @ 023 7. (a) Falls othe lot ss to the right (©) 0, odd muhiplicty; V5, even multiplicity; number (b) 0.23) Answers will vay of toring points: 4 o © . | |, 39. (a) No real zeros (&) number of tuning point: 1 © ——e 69. (3) Rises to the left, rises to the right (b) No zeros (¢) Answers will vary @ ; AL (@) 42,73 () odd multiplicity; number of turning points: 2 © ‘7. (@) Falls tothe lef, rises tothe right (6) 0.3 (© Answers will vary. @ 3 (b) intercepts: (0,0), (3,0) (©) x (@) The answers in pat (c) match the xinterc173. a) Falls to the le, rises to the ()0.2.3 (©) Answers will vary @ . 175. (a) Rises tothe elt, falls tothe right, () ~5,0 (@) Answers will vary © 71. (a) Falls tothe let, rises tothe # (6) 0.4 () Answers will vary @ 79. (a) Falls to the left, falls to the vight (©) £2 (©) Answers will vary © oy 3 31 Zeros: 0,22, ‘odd multiplicity Zeros: ~1 ‘even multiplicity; 3,$, odd multiplicity 85. [—1,0]. [1,2], (2,3), = -0.879, 1347,2532 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 87. (-2, -1),[0.1 wav o1. 97. A107 =1.585,0779 Tw = (6 - (36 - 20) (36 — 2)2 ~l Pf Pl is fe [7 ¥ | 1156 | 2048 | 2700 [3136 | 3380 | 3456 | 3388 6 inches % 24 inches x 24 inches (@) x=6 @ A=-2P + 12x) Y= 3840 + 2504" (6) Oinches < x < 6inches le ‘When x = 3, the volume is maximum at V = 3456, dimensions of gutter ae 3 inches x 6 inches > B inches. (© ‘The maximum valve isthe same (0 No. Answers will vary ‘The model is a good 6 5. Region 1: 259,370 Region 2: 223,470 ‘Answers will vary @ () 115 (©) Vertex: (15.22, 2.54) (@) The results are approximately equal TUaLdVHOA108 —_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 99. False. A fifth-degree polynomial can have at most four turning points 101. True. The degree of the function is odd and its leading coefficient is negative, so the graph rises to the left and falls to the sigh. 103. (@) Vewical shift of wo units: Even (b) Horizontal shit of two units; Neither even nor od (©) Reflection in the yanis; Even (@) Reflection in the x-axis Even (©) Horizontal setch; Even (© Vera sink: Bvea © sb) (b) gh) = 5 Bven 105, (5c = 8)ir* 3) 107. 1; Neither odd nor even, Ads + S)lx 3) 3. 14 VE 17, Horizootal translation four units to the lef of 119. Horizontal teanslation one unit left and vertical translation five units down of y= = 121, Vertical stretch by a factor of 2 and vertical nine units up of y = [x] Section 2.3 (page 159) Vocabulary Check (page 159) 4. dividend: divisor: quotient; remainder 2. improper; proper 4. factor 5. remainder 3. synthetic division 1, Answers will vary 3 * 29, 2 Beh OF bee 48 By wae or = eee = 6x4 = 36r— 36 - 28 35, det + Me — 30 37. JO)= (C= Hoe + =), 39. slr) = (x 41s) = = Shv3) =~ 43. fix) = (x—1 + V3)ae? + (2 + 4S) + (2 + 2S] sl- V3)=0 4. @ 1 4/4 (1954 47.97 2 @IT @ 19949, si. 53, 55, s. 59, a. 6, 6. 6. 69. 1 (ele lx — Vy; Zavos 2,-3.1 (2x ~ Ile ~ 5)fx - 2); Zeros: 4, 5,2 (x + VI)x — VI) + 2); Zeros: — V3, V3, -2 fe Ne — 1 V3)le—1 + V3} Zeros: 1, = V3 1 V3 (a) Answers will ary. (0) 2x ~ ©) fo) = Or e+ e-1) () Answers will vary, (6) (= 1), te = 2) (©) fl) = (= Nee 2ee= He + 4) @)1,2,5,-4 (@) Answers will vary © (0) = N+ NOr~2) nn i \ (@) Answers will vary, (6) (x - V3) © 10) b= Ville + V5}Q~ 1) +VR4 e) (@) Zeros are 2 and 42.236. Ox=2 © sO) = W—Dle— V3le + V3) (a) Zesos ae —2, =0268, and =3.732. x=-2 MOH 0+ Ife (2+ fr 2 - V3) QWeox-at} Meta at —2- (a) and (b) M = —02420 + 12.4304 — 173.4y + 2118 ‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A109. o 7 13 |* Js Je |? |e ‘M00 | 1703 | 1608 | 1531 [ 1473 | 1430 | 1402 7 fo fo fu fe fe mt | ases [1385 | 1992 | 1409 | 1433 Answers will vary (@) 1614 thousand. No, because the model will approach negative infinity quickly. 175. False, —$is a zero off 77. Teue. The degree of the numerator is greater than the gree ofthe denominator. D. v"+ 6x"+9 BL, The remainder is 0 83 c= 210 85. 0,4 + Siva factor off 5 meV 97.28 9 BS 93. 1) 2e 95. fx) =P + Te 3 Section 2.4 (page 167) Vocabulary Check (page 167) L@® Wi OH BY complex numbers; a ~ bi 4. principal square 5. complex conjugates La=-10,6=6 30-65-5448 1.2 -3V3i 95V3i UL H1-6 103 IT 14 3 3V8) 2 14420) as, bY Sei 212530 MD 9 + 40% =10 976-3,45 3-14 V5 6 =25,20 4 VES AS. SI BOW gs | st -s- 1 - s.-}-H 1. + Bi 1. =2V5 61. ~10 ote o. n. 2+ Vii 1 + 6i 1-51. 3153 BB. (@) 2 = 9 + 16i,z, = 20 104 yp Ludo , 4630, O25 or st 85. 16 O16 (16 @ 16 87. False. Ifthe complex number is ea, the number equals its conjugate TUaLdVHOA110 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Section 2.5 (page 179) Vocabulary Check (page 179) 1, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 2. Linear F 4, conjugate 6 Descartes’ Rue of Signs 43. Rational Zero 5. imeducible over the reals 17. lower; upper \torization Theorem 1060 22-8 § 64 Tl 9, 1, 23,25,49,215, 265, a) 28 af a8 28, 123 14 19-2323 M12 (2S. (a) 41, 42,44 © 2 27. (a) +1, 43, © bis 29, (a) +1, 42, 44,48, a wh hy shad 33, 35, a7. 41 43, 45, 41, 53, 37, 59, 61 63, 6. 61. 6. B. 7: 31 85, 87. 91 99, 103. 10s. @ +1 ~#1414 0) £0) = + Dee Ne + VE)e- V3) (03,4, 41418 0) Ga) = xe = He = a(x + Bile - V2) 425-25 39. +4 Hx 174 yt — 1Tx? + 254? + 234 — 22 (@ (2 + 9) — 3) (@) (2 + lx ~ V3) - V3) © (e+ 3G = fe + V3) V3) (@ @ — x= 2? — 2+ 3) () (x= 1+ V3)(x - 1 = V5)? - x +3) © (v= 1+ Vile 1 - Vile—1+ V3) (x-1- Vi) HHS A ELF SL 3H E 2-34 VTL $5. 45; (x + Si)x— Si) 24 V5 (x-2- Villv-2 + 3) £3, 43h (x + 3) — 3) + 3) - 8) hi G1 4-1-1) 2,248 (&- YWae-2+e-2-1) -2.1 4 VBi (e+ Dlx —1 + VEille V5is x + a= 1+ V5 2, £25; (x — 2 Gx + 2i)(x — 22) 31) (= le Doe + Ble — 3) =10-725) 78. R128 4, ti 79. No real zeros Noreal zeros 83, One positive zero One or dee posi zeros Answers wil vary. 89, Answers will vary. Leb Os 9 28 97 @ 10.4 Lb ae oe i : BE @) V= x9 ~ 2)(15 - 28) Domain: 0 4 123, Answers will vary. There are infinitely many possible Tunctions for f. Sample equation and graph: fQ) = - 2 +38 = 1-6 125, Answers will vary. 17. (a) 8D (Oy t= Dax + at + BE 129, -11 +9) 131. 20 + 405 13 138. a. , 9 Section 2.6 (page 193) Vocabulary Check (page 193) 1. rational functions 3: horizontal asymptote 2. vertical asymptote 4. slant asymptote [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 1 1. 13. 17, 21 23, 7. 5. Domain: all real numbers x except = Ant © (@®_|—_ le] le os f-2 |[as 2 fs [oas os [=i |[ar [ao |fio [or 099 [=100 |fior [i100 |[ 100 | oar 0999 | 1000 || .001 [1000 | [1000 | oar (b) Verical asymptote: x = Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 (6) Domain: ll ea numbers x except x= 1 - > [® | [@ | [eo os ts [ss |[s_ [aus oo [=~ | fir [ia | fio [aa 099 [=ua78 | [ior [152s | [too [aoa 0999 [1498 | [ voor [1502 | [1000 [3 (© ericalasympoter orion nyo: y= 3 (©) Domain all el numbers x except Domain al ral numbers x excep» — 0 Venialaympte: x = 0 oszoral symptoe y= 0 Domain all eal umbers x exept x = 2 Yetial amp: « = 2 oriootl asymptote: y = ~1 Domain all el umbers x except x = 4 Vera aympotes s— #1 Domain: al ral numbers x Horiootlasymptete:y = 3 Qo ika We 160 1 we Domain allel mumbecs x except x = #4 erie! asymptote: x =~ horizontal asymptote: y = 0 Dornan’ al real numbes x etcopt x= —1,3 erica asymp: = 3; horizontal asap: y = 1 “rE ‘Vertical asymptote: x = }; horizontal asymptote: y = } (2) Doman allel umbes except x = =2 (&) ntercept: (0.3) (©) Venieal asymptote: x= =2 Hovizontl asymptote: y = 0 TUaLdVHOAI12 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 29, (a) Domain: all real numbers x except @) y-intereept: (0, (©) Vertical asymptote: x = -2 Horizontal asymptote: y o ; ‘1, (2) Domain: all seal numbees + except x () simtercept: (5,0) yeintercept (0,5) (6) Vertical asymptote: x = —1 Horizontal asymptote: y 33. (@) Domain: all real numbers » ) Intercept: (0, 0) (©) Horizontal asymptote: y= 1 35. (3) Domain: all zeal numbers + ( Iatercept: (0,0) @ 37. (a) Domain: all real numbers x except (©) scitercepts: (1,0) and (4, 0) yrintercept: (0, —1) (6) Vertical asymptote: Horizontal asymptote: y = 1 39. (2) Domain: al: (6) sintercept yrintercept (6) Vertical asymptores:x Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 @ : 41, (2) Domain: all real numbers x except (©) Inercept: (0, 0) (6) Vertical asymptote: x = 2 Herizontal asymptote: y (6) Horizontal asymptote: y £12 °Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests AI13 43, (@) Domain: all real numbers x except x () intercept: (0) s-ntercept: (0,4) (©) Vertical asymptote: x = — Horizontal asymptote: y = 1 4, vet agmptte x= 0 7) | =2 [waeet [2 [7 eo] 2 [ume [2 [a] F 45. (@) Domain: all real nambers rexcept 1 = — (© een tte ee only 4 Bite names of pc, te (6) Hitercept: (1,0) aphing bility may not attempt to evaluate the yrintercept: (0, ~1) function where it does not exist () Vertical asymptote: None $1. (@) Domain all real numbers x except Horizontal asymptote: None () s-intercepts: (2, 0), (-2, 0) (6) Vertical asymptote: x = 0 Slant asymptote: y = x @ , ° @ 47. (@) Domain off ll real numbers x except x Domain of g: all eal numbers x (©) x= Ls Vewtcal asymptotes: none 453, (@) Domain: all zeal numbers x except x = 0 © () No intercepts 1 (6) Vertical asymprote: x = 0 x |=3 [2] 18 1 Slant asymptote: y = 2e se) | -4 | -3 | -25 | under: ° @ i ab) | -4 | -3 |-25 ° @ (6) Because there ate only a finite number of pixels, the $5: (@) Domain: all weal numbers x except x = 0 ‘graphing uulty may not artempt to evaluate’ the () No intercepts Tunction whee it does not exist, (6) Vertical asympiote: x = 0 49. (9) Domain of fall real numbers x except x = 0,2 Slant asymptote: y = x Domain of g: ll real numbers x except x = 0 TUaLdVHOAna 1, a. @ (2) Domain: all reat numbers r except r () yeimteroept: (0, -0.2) (©) Vestical asymplote: = —5 Slant asymptote: y= —P + 5 © . (a) Domain: all eal numbers x except x = £1 () Intercept (0,0) () Vertical asyrmptotes: x = 1 ‘Slant asymptote: y = @ (2) Domain: all real numbers x except x = 1 &) y-intereept: (0, =1) {) Vesical asymptote: Slant asymprote: y = x @ (@) Domain: all real numbers x except x = — (©) y-intereept: (0,05) intercepts: (0.5, 0), (1,0) [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 65. o. 69, 1. (a) eae 15. nn. (©) Vertical asymptote: x = -2 Slant asymptote: y = 2x ~ @ Domain: ll real numbers x except Vertical asymptote ‘SHant asympoote: y yaxt2 4 Domain: all real numbers» except x Vertical asymptote: Slant asymptote yorxs3 @ CLO & -1 @ (1,0), (-1,0) +t mxe3 (©) $28.33 milion; $170 million; $765 million (6) No. The function is undefined at p = 100. (@) 333 deer, $00 deer, 800 deer (6) 1500 deer (@) Answers will vary. (b) (4,60) © = 11,75 inches » 5:87 inches79. (a) Answers will vary. () Vertical asymptote: x = 25 Horizontal asymptote: y = 25 © x]30 as [4 [4s |sofss foo y | 150 [75 [667 | 03 [so [ass [ano () Yes. You would expect the average speed forthe round ‘wip to be the average of te average speeds for the two parts of the wip, (0) No. At 20 miles per hour you would use more time in ‘one direction than is required for tke round trip al an average speed of 50 miles per hour ‘1. False, Polynomials do not have vertical asymptotes, 588, Answers wil vary. Sample answer f(a) = 2 85. (x — T(x — 8) #1. = 5 ¥ 2960 = 29 wee nave? 98. Ansowess wil vay. Section 2.7 (page 204) Vocabulary Check (page 204) 1. erica; test intervals 2, ero undefined values BPaR-C () Yer Yer @) No (No @No (Yes aS 13. (00, ~S]U[, 20 18. (~3,2) Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests ATS 17. (3.0) + = vilju[-4 + Vai, <0) Vit 2-1, UG.20) to 23, [-3.2]UB.00) axa} 27, (00,0) (0.3 31. [-2,00) 38. @xe-xe3 @ -2<"<0, Wosrs2 Lsxeo xsd 37. (<0, UD — 38, (00, 1) UL, 26) on eee 49, (-20, -1)U(-8.1) UB, 20) @ osx Wr 2ohms 71, Tove, The test imervas are (~20, ~3),(-3, 1), (1.4), 4,00) 79. (00,4) UL4,00) 81, (+20, -2V 50] U2 v3.00) 83. (@) Wa > Oande < 0, b canbe any real sumber. Ifa > 0 and > 0,b < ~2Vacorb > 2% 0 . , 85. e187 13M 2) 89.2 Ve Verte: (1,3) ° . Axis of symmetry: = 1 Axis of symmeay: x = — Review Exercises (page 208) , rintecens:(1 + 92,0) No xintercept Le © 2 fa) and , Vertical steeteh Vertical stretch and refleetion inthe r-axis ‘Axis of symmetry: x = —$ Axis of symmetry: x = —$ imercepts: (2 aT svimtercepts: (=F18 1. a. 29, 31 33. 35. 31. 39. 4 sa) = Hea LT Fa) @ y A= 100% — x ee 1091 units Falls tothe left alls to the right Rises tothe lf, rises tothe ht =7.$, od sulpliciy; taming point: 1 0,3, ed lily; taming pins: 2 0. even multiplicity, $ od mulplicity toning points: 2 (a) Rises tothe lek, falls o the sight (@) ~ 1 (©) Answers will vary @ (a) Rises tothe right rises tothe left (b) —3,0,1 (©) Answers will vary. @ Answers to Odd.Numbered Exercises and Tests AIT 43, @ [-1,0] @) ~=0900 4. (a) [-1, 0], [1,2] (6) =-0.200, = 1.772 a 45+ 99.5: si t= 58, 6x9 4 Bet = U4 55, 248 — 11x 6 S74) Yes (Yes Yeo @ 59.) —#21() 9 61, (4) Answers will vagy. 0) (+ 7h 661) ©) fl) = (e+ Met De 4) @) -7,-1.4 © 63, (@) Answers will vary. (6) (+ 1), 68-8) (0) fix) = (+ De 4) + 2)le = 3) @ -2,-1.3,4 ©) 65, 642i 11 40 + 651 ne 8.0.2 $881 87. —4.6,227 89, +1, 43,45, +15, +4, +4, 44, M1 H1-3.6 9B 8S A 97, 3x4 Ltn + 17? = Ae + 24 9.4.40 101, 34.247 103. 0, 1, —5; f(x) = x(x - 1lx + 5) 108. —4,2 4 3 g(a) = fe + 4Ple~ 2 39-2459) 10, Twa ono postive zeros, oe negve2er0 109. Answers wil vay 111, Domain: all real numbers x encept.x = ~12 113, Domain: al real mmbers x except x = 6,4 us. un, 119, Vertical asymptote: x = — Horizontal asymplote:y ‘Vertical asymptote: x =~ Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 (@) Domain: all real numbers x except x = 0 (©) No intercepts (6) Vestical asymptote: x = 0 Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 TUaLdVHOA118 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests @ @ 121. (@) Domain: all real numbers x except x = 1 (&) wintereept: (—2, 0) y-interept: (0,2) (6) Vertical asymptote 129. (@) Domain: all veal numbers x except x = 0, 0) acimereept: (1.5, 0) (6) Vestical asymptote: x = 0 Horizontal asymptote: y = 2 Horizontal as 1 a wo @ . 123, (9) Domain: all real numbers x () Intercept: (0,0) 131. (@) Domain: all real numbers x (©) Horizontal asymptote: y= 1 ©) Intercept: (0,0) (©) Slant asymptote: y = 2x @ ; 125, (a) Domain: all real numbers x (b) Invercept (0,0) 4 G toreonal aspmpite y= 0 133, (@) Domain: all zeal numbers x except x = $ (8) yrintercep: (0,05) ‘ @ a-intercepts: (5, 0), (1,0) (©) Vertical asymptote: x = $ Slant asymptote: y = x @ 127, (@) Domain: all real numbers x (b) Intereep: (0, 0) (©) Horizontal asymptote: y = —6 135, $0,50 is the horizontal asymptote of the function.BT. @ fe 139, 143, 147, 499% 149. False. A fourth-degree polynomial can have at mest four ‘zeros, and complex zeros occur in conjugate pais 151, Find the verex of the quadsatic function and write the function in standard form. Ifthe leading coefticient is positive, the vertex is @ minimurn, If the leading coeti cient i negative, the vertex i @ maxiraum, 153, An asymplote of a graph is a line to which the graph becomes asbtranly close as x increases or decreases ‘without bound 4at. [-4, 0]U[4, 20) (12) M8. [=4,-3] 000,20) Chapter Test (page 212) 1. (@) Reflection in the x-axis followed by a vertical translation 3. (a) 50 feet () 5.Yes, changing the constant term results in a vertical ‘tanslation of the graph and therefore changes the ‘maximum height. 4. Rises tothe lef, falls to the right [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 2 10. LL. 2. 14, 15, 16. x1 Yel 62! (ar - Dlx - VI)le Solutions: 4, +.VF @ 3451 7 70) 92-4 xt 9x9 + 280? = 30e J (2) = x4 ~ 6x! + 6x? — Dae =22V3i 13. -2,4,-12 V2 ssintercepts: (~2, 0), (2,0) No y-intercept Vertical asymptote: x = Horizontal asymptote: y asintercept: (-1.5,0) yrintercept: (0, 0.75) Vertical asymptote: x Horizontal asymptote: No sintercept cept (0. ~2) Vertical asymptote: x Slant asymptote: y ° -1 -4 16 A119 TUaLdVHOA120 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Problem Solving (page 215) A. Answers will vay inches x 2 inches x 5 inches (@) and) y x2 + Se 4 1 @) fla) = (e— Br +S =a D+ S () fl) =e = Se? FT a 9. (a * bila — bi) a? ~ abi — abi — BF ae 11. (@ As Ja increases, the graph stretches vertically. For ‘a < 0, the graph is reflected in the x-axis. (©) As [| increases, the vertical asymptote is translated. For b> 0, the graph is translated to the right. For b <0, the graph is reflected in the x-axis and i trans- {ated to the let. Chapter 3 Section 3.1. (page 226) Vocabulary Check (page 226) 4. algebraic 2. transcendental, 3 natu exponentials natural 4. A= at +2) S.A= Pet 1, 9468523, 0.006 $, 1767.767 Td &e Xa Wh 1, of: [2 so[s [2 [1 [os [o2s B. #0) [36 [6 [2 [oer [oons 09 | 0125 [02s [os [a [2 17. Shit the graph of f four units to the righ 19, Shit the graph of five units upward, 21, Reflect the graph of fin the x-axis and y-axis and shift six suite tothe might 2B. A 2s. 4 27. 0472 33. 31. 7166.647 x [2 of: [2 fi) [0.4135 | ose8 [1 [2718 | 7389 Sy [-s [-7 [-» [-3 0) [0055 | 0.149 | 0406 | 1.104 | 3Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A121 aw. 9. » [2 o ft [2 + [0 20 30 0) | 4037 | aa00 [a2 [a736 [6 A | s22.986a9 | saaonise | seaaeaas * +] 30 7 A | st01,504.86 | $309,484.08 * a. 257 68. $3545 > 68, (@) VU) = 10,000298 (&) V(LS) = 100008.47 (©) VQ) = 1,000.059.5 settee 67. (@) 25 grams (6) 1621 grams vw. 2 4. a ° 6.0) 4s © Te Jo [2s [so [7s [iv xnk She Model | 125 | 485 | 8182 | 9619 | 993 4 cw [12 [as [sr [oo [oe A | $3200.21 | $3205.09 | ss207 37 ame wien TA, True, As x —50, fls) > ~2 but never reaches ~2. ” s ‘entinous ‘ e 3s © 7B. fla) = hls) 75. fx) = gla) = hla) A | $5200.28 | sa2i00s | ss2i008 @r<0 @x>0 [i 2 4 A | sastsae | susas0s | sasas. ale 365 | Continsous A | $4551.89 | sasss.te | s4sss.0 57. %. ; + [10 20 30 4 | 817,901.90 | $26,700.49 | $39,841.40 + [0 30 ° , As 1900, fle) 400 A | $59.43639 | $88.558.67 s Asx =00, fla) rab) BL y= 4¥ € UaLdVHDA122 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 39, 85, Answers wil vary x Section 3.2 (page 236) 49, 33, Vocabulary Check (page 236) 57, 1. logarithmic 2 103, natural; € 6. Aaberax Sx Laaot STH Baa 7.36 = 6 9, logs 125=3 AM, Togyy3 = 5 1B. log =-2 18. log,1=0 174 19.0 2.228, 0097225, 1097 27.4. ak Domain: (0, 20) scinterept: (1,0) Vertical asymptote: x = 0 Domain: (0, 60} aeintercept: (9,0) Vertical asymptote: x 7. ° onuain: (~2, 22) eintereept (=1, 0) Vertical asymptote: x = 2 ”. a7. Domain: (0, 20} intercept: (5,0) Vertical asymptote: x = 0 © Hf hd Be BD Aha Be = 250 SLT In200855...=3 55. n.6887...=$ In0.6065...=-05 58. ind=x 61. 2913 =055 68.30 61} Domain: (1,20) scitercept (20) Vertical asymptote: x = 1 Domain: (~c0, 0) seitercept:(—1, 0) Venical asymptote: x = 0 7 Bx=4 Bx (2) 30 years; 20 years (b) $396,234; $301,123.20 (6) $246,234; $151,123.20 (@) x = 1000; The monthly payment must be greater than 1000.8.) B80 IW (©) 681 (@ 623 91. False. Reflecting g(x) about the line y ~ x will determine the graph of f(s) ‘The functions fand ¢ 7.) 2 ‘The functions fand ‘5(3); The natural log function grows ata slower rate than the fourth r09t function, 99. (a) False (b) Tue (e) True (@) False 101) () Increasing: (1, 20) Decreasing: (0,1) (6) Relative minimum: (1,0) 103, 15105. 4300107, L028, Section 3.3 (page 243) Vocabulary Check (page 243) lors _ tnx A. chante 2, EE = BE Re 4a Sb 1@ 2 BE 3 @ PE & fogs ins Toy Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A123 logit gy Ini toe yy tnx o BE oP 20 oR 917-2000 13,0417 18, 2688 A$ 19. -3—Iogs2 DL GIS 23.2 25.) 27.24 28, ~9 ie notin the domain of log, x Mas 3 -$ 387 a2 8. log, 5 + logx AL. dog, x 48. 1 logy 5 47. Inx + Iny + 2In 49. Ine +2Inle~1) SL dogi(a~ 1) ~ 210843 s3.binx—finy 55. 4ins +dny - Sinz 57. 2log,x— 2logyy— $1og5z Sine «aa? 4) z s9.2inx dint? + 3) 6 indy 63. tog,= a 9 65. Logix +4)? 67. log, VE 1 top 18m oT yo log, 32 — log, 4% Property 2 +12); 600B 83. = 3 25624 208 nx Ie. In 1 = 0 89, False, In(y ~ 2) # Inx~ Ind S1. f= 10{log 85.9 91. False. 98. Answere will vary. os. fo) PEE BE 7, 10S 101, € UaldVHOA124 ——_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 103,25 re0 105. xy ays 29. 1.0000 ay" -14 v0 a sor 1b ayy, LE so seo ea , 8, ev 0518 a7, 200) = 14588 Section 3.4 (page 253) Nosoluion 91. 1+ JT Te = 2928 Me 1+ V7 Vocabulary Check (page 253) o3, Nostcn 98.797, ELTA ep 1 se goa 1m, BELL og L@ray Wrry Ox Wx 5 etuneus sos 10s Lew © Ne SNe O) Yo © Yeu apposimat Lf} $0) Yevarponinae ee Yes 2 2 Oe. OMe (es appounae ann 2oass a a tos 107 (9 82ye 6) 1299008 Woetwoaa wet A G8) 30,2) 19-6) 12bunte 0) 98 a Bod-1 an sole. -0sls mL tb ¥= 67, me le ie wilson Bids dns 160 mes 3982 crane a mo Hoty a2 a . on (9 yeas i sels S18 (oy ~100and) ~ Te sang seven an as.14 BZ 220 7, BE -osss 08 : int 2 (Mikes 69.71inces Renae: 64.1 ntes w-ndos sto sis2h atoms (Tor [oa [os [os [io S.ia5 1009 57 nd Late [ees [as [25 [05 [330 99,275 035, Linas ~ 3656 om Todd peat ibe 6 ge 210 on Pa 3 * oN © 1 mae , s (So Avant Ge mote, when te uber of Sess n 2,1 been 2276 mets nd SDE 118g ep ls = Tre by Popry lin econ 53, 04a 121. logy(u ~ ») ~ log, — log,» m False. / po 1,95 ~ log(100 — 10) # log 100 — log 10 = 1 Z|. / was, Yes see eeue 8 - : wa 135 Yes tne date 122, sazor soe wi Time to quadruple: 1 = 4129, 533 133. , 127. 4h| 137, -5.595 Section 3.5 (page 264) Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A125 BL y= cot 43, y = Senette 35. (a) Decreasing due tothe negative exponent () 2000: population of 2430 thousand 2003: population of 2408.95 thousand (©) 2018 37. k= 0.2988; ~ 5,309,734 hits 12,180 years old ox9ar 39. 3.15 hours (b) = 4797 years old 30,788 (b) V= 30,7889" The exponential model deprecates faster, 4. @) 8.0) ¥ Vocabulary Check (page 264) OT 1 3 Ley = chs y = ae V = —si94 + 30.788 | 24,394 | 11,606 2 a bine + blogx V = 30,7880-928%" 23,550 | 13,779 3 orally dstbuted 4 bel, average valve : ! 5. sigmoidal (e) Answers will vay. 45. (a) S(t) = 100(1 — 2°16) oF © 55605 Le he Bb 4a Sa Of > Initial Annual Time to Amount After . Invesment —“eRate Double TO years ae 1. S1000"” 35% Lesyr_Sis1907 ils 9. $750 S9838% —775yr SI8M4.36 ds. 11, $500 110% —63yr $1505.00 s : 13. $037628 45% —IS4yx_— 10.0000 15. $112,087.09 17. (@) 6642 years) 6.330 year (©) 6302 years (@) 6301 years . 1. / rl [4 [6% [8% | 10% | 2% we we 1 27.47 | 1831 | 15.73 | 1089 | 9.16 49. (a) 203 animals (b) 13 years (Ton [ax low [sx |iox | ax © = Horizontal asympioes: y= 0,y = 1000. The + | sae | 2801 | ases| 1427 [25s | 909 ’ Population size will ‘Continuous compounding Halflife Initial Amount Aer (years) Quantity 1000 Years 25. 1599 log 68 27 S715 2268 28 29. 24,100 2.16e 2ie approach 1000 as time SL. (@) 107% = 79,432,823 (&) 1084 = 199,526,231 (©) 10? = 15,849, 53. (a) 20.decibels _(b) 70 decibels (©) 40 decibels (8) 120 decibels 55.95% 57, 464 59, 1.58 x 10% moles per liter 61. 10! 63. 5:00.aae 65, (a) "08 (@) = 21 years: Yes € UaLdVHDA126 (67, Palse, The domain can be the set of real numbers for 8 logistic growth function 469, False, The graph of f(a) isthe graph of g() sifted upward five units 71. @) Logarithmic () Logistic (@) Exponential {@) Linear (@) None ofthe above (2) Exponential B.@ ; V6 © CLD 3 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 7. , 93. Answers will vary Review Exercises (page 271) 1. 76699 3..0.537 5, 1456.529 Le &d Ka Wd AL, Shift the graph of fone unit to the right 13, Reflect fin the x-axis and shill two unis to the lft 18. of: f2 | fe) | 8 [s [42s | 4063 | a01e 7028 | = 18.6118. » [= [e 2[3 Fe) | 4008 [ 408 [42 [5 fo ad ee oo | 325 [35 [a] s[7 Box W425 x= 2 27, 2980958 aL. x 2-1 ofa [2 ni | 272 [165 [1 [ost [037 3. 2.72 | 739 [ 20.08 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A127 38. 4 12 A | $0509.98 | $0035. 43 | s0569.46 | $6692.04 n | 365 Contin A | se704.00 | so70. 8 31. (@) 0.154 (b) 0487 39. (a) $1,069.047.14 (b) (©) ost 7.9 years AL log.54= 3 43, 102.2255... = 08 4.500 47.-3 4.x=70 Sx=—5 435. Domain: (0, 0) -vintereept (3,0) Vertical asymptote: x = 0 ‘53. Domain: (0, 20) -eintereept (1,0) Vertical asymptote: x = 0 57. Domain; (~5, 20) intercept: (9995, 0) 29, 0.183 Vertical asymptote: 59.3118 61-12 63. 2034 65. Domain: (0, 22) intercept: (e™?, 0) Vertical asymptote: 69, S34 inches 71. 1.585 75. log 2+ 2log 3 = 1.255 61, Domain: (20,0), (0,20) 73-2302 77. 2n2 + Ins = 2.996 € UaLdVHDA128 —_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 2. 83. 87. 93, 95. 97. 103. 109, m3, us. us, 127. 1B. 135, 140. 14s. 149, 153. 155, Hog,» Chapter Test (page 275) 14 2logsx 81. 1+ lop? 2inx+2lny tin: 88. Ine + 3) —Inx—Iny 4,1123.690 2, 687291 3,.0497 4. 22.198 log, Sx 89. n= 91 ogy VETS a vl yn pVB=t Fo) | 10 [3162 [1 [o3i6 [or Gri y (@ 05h < 18.000 : © = Vertical asymptote = 18,000 (©) The plane is climbing at a slower sate, so the time a required increases 6 ; (8) 5.6 eminuces x ° 1 2/3 3 99. In3~ 1099 101. 16 Fe) | —0.005 | 0.028 | —0167 | -1 | -6 c= 54598 108, In 12 = 2485107. x = 1.3 in22 int? eee agso un, BA 1760 . n2 = 0.693, 1 5 = 1.609 a 2 a7. * = 1480; 0392 2aa7 fet 1213.650 nL. fe? = 45201 216) 12S. ef = 1 53.598, Nosoluion 129, 0900 1m, f ~ 1643 No sottion 152 yeas 19 e 18139, dia Le 13, y= 20000 2008147, (a) 13.86299% (11,485.98 @ ew J. 1075 watt per square centimeter Tre by the inverse properties band d are negative Gand c are positive “Answers will vary 8.(@) 089) 92 9. 2 4 5.699) «16 | ~6301 | ~6602 ‘Vertical asymploie: x = 0ss DEP Pll [= f(x) | 0 | 1.099 | 1.609 | 1.946 | 2.197 : Tera spt» = 4 a. =e za [ama [ome Visio aye weiss sols 14 128 Eton steglel abeins + Haan 17, (log 7 = 2 log x) — (log y + 3 log z) 18. iogisy nS 20S D mrs -2 2 x= BHA 0757 3 a BEE a4 8 Le 25, Hl = 0.0539 26, BE = 1.597 Bya2msoie Be 2) ali 1 2 4 5 6 [arm | eam | wom | as [ow [Tas ri (103 centimeters 13.8 a comma ie Ageinyer ‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A129. Cumulative Test for Chapters 1-3 41. @) Midpoint: (1,4): Distance: J3T 2 : 3 ; (page 276) (6. For some values of x there correspond two values of y ‘8. (a) Vertical shrink by $ (b) Vertical shift of two units upward (©) Hosizoatal shift of two units fo the left 9. (a) Se= 2 (b) —Be—4 @) Ae? = He x3 @ 10,.@) Ve=T +1) VERT- (© 8 Yeats VT @ oman all real numbers x except x =~. Domain: ll real numbers M.@) 2412) VETO Domain of fg: al eal numbers x such that x 2 — Domain of g «/ al real mmbers 12. @ l= 2 [r-2| Domain of fg and g «fall eal numbers 18. Yes: h-1@) = Hy +2) 14,2438.65 kilowats 1 y= Hears thats 2 1 € UaLdVHDA130 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 18, 27, intercept (0, 6) aeintercepts: (=2, 0), (—3,0) Slant asymptote: y Vertical asymptote: 19, -2, £24; (& + 2) + 2G — 2) 20. =7.0,3,x4a)(x = 3)(e + 7) M4, —} 1 + 3h (x — 4)(2x + Ie 1 + 3-1 - 3) wr-2 22, 5-2-3? wd 4 2-104 am. / 30, Reflect fin the x-axis and y-axis, and shill Unee units to the wight Interval: (1,2); 1.20 at 2S. Intercept: (0,0) \ Vertical asymptotes: x = £3 | S " Horizontal asympice: y= 0 and shift four units upward 32, 199133, -0067 34, LTLT— 35, 0.281 ) + Ine = 4) — din > 4 26. ysintercep (0, —1) iter (0) siincgrs 0 r= BB- 120 Hosni asympot y= 1 39, tn} 1039.1 31n2 = 2079 yme ). 2 = 401.429 ao # () S= 0.2740 ~ 408" + 506The model i «good it forthe data. (@) 65.9 Yes, this isa reasonable answer Problem Solving (page 279) 1 y= 05* andy O00, the graph of e* increases ala greater rate than the graph of 2, 5. Answers will vary 2@ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A131 fo emesee (4) The exponential model is a better fit. No, because the ‘model is rapidly approsching infinity. ne 19. y= (= 1) — He + He de 1 © oe = 17.7 euic feet per minute 2.) 25.) © 252,606' 1.0310) 400,881? — 1464.6r + 291,782 we Answers will vary ‘Answers will vay Chapter 4 Section 4.1 (page 290) Vocabulary Check (page 290) 1. Trigonometry 2 angle 3. coterminal 4. radian 5. acute; obtuse 6. complementary; supplementary 7. degree $ lincar 9 angular 10, A= 419 1. 2 radians —Sradians 8, I radian 7. (@) Quadrant (>) Quadrant I 9. (a) Quadrant IV (b) Quadrant 1 11. (@) Quadrant HT (6) Quadrant It MALAVHOA132 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 13. (@) ) 37. (a) ) 15. (a) b) 405°, — 315° (b) 324°, 396" ; : (ean, 130") 1807 S40 42.) Conptmen 12 Supe 162° us (2) Cousens ene, Sule 65 ~ 48,0 Complement I Supa 10 . ©) Conpemet nme Suplenet 20 Z not OF wok wk 70% 5-4 5. @ 2m @ 20 S.@4w @)-oF Sidon shame "89.0285 4h, 0014 ne a ase 68 337300 wt. 1560 3 Othe sets D8 » ae 1 S300 @) 390007 t To Mose" oy ass ee 2 TG 230") eae 2A. (0) Complement: ¢3 Supplement: 79, Sradions 81. Bradians 83, Fradian © Conpensnt nne; Suppleneat Z 85 Geatns $F Since = 4712 : s9, meer 91 SF squavinses~ 838 arias: 28. (@) Complement: 5 — 1 = 0.57 93, 12.27 square feet 95, 591.3 miles Supplement: # = 1 = 2.14 97, 0071 radian = 4.04 99, fyradian ( Compemen ne, Spleneat w= 24 aL) 728 evens per amt 210 ar ne as es (sto sedan or ante 3) Ouse it @) Qua sus) lost pt mite 38.0 Gunn () Quiet 207250 tans permite a ° (4280/8 et ger inte = 9889 8 ete min 10s, 107. 109. (@) (4007, 10007] radians per minute (©) [2400x, 60007} centimeters per minute A A = 476.390 square meters = 1496.62 square meters False. A measurement of 4 radians corresponds to (wo ‘complete revolutions from the initial tothe terminal side of an angle.[Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 111, False. The terminal side ofthe angle Hes om the a-axis. 113, Increases. The linear velocity is proportional to the radius, 11S, The ar length is increasing. If is constant, the length of the arc is proportional tothe radius (s = 0) Section 4.2 (page 299) Vocabulary Check (page 299) 1. unit cele 3. period 2. periodic 4.odd; even exc A133 a@4 43, 070711 45, 10%78 47, 01288 8. 1340 SI, 14486 5h @) -1 (b -04 55. (@) 0250r289 (b) 182 0r446 5.8) 5. 1 1 7 [t_|F A 7 u. = 5 y [025 [0013s | 01501 | -oonw | oases Bs (b) += 55 (©) The displacement decreases, 5, Fai, sn(~1) ~ ~sia means that the fonction so, nt thatthe sine of negative angle is a nepaive numb 64. @ praxis symmetry (0) sin, = sala — 1) (© cose = 1) = cos, erate) 6 7. 67. 69. a. is undefined. MALAVHOA134 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Section 4.3 (page 308) - ) 3B 5. sng 2B Vocabulary Check (page 308) a csp 2B L@yY ®¥ Ov OH OI OF . 2. opposite; adjacent hypotenuse . ano-2 5 elevation; depression T 1 19. 60 V3 60% 23, 30,2 1. sine exe 7 z 4 ® s wt Ra cos 0=3 sec <2 mavi ot o4 oF weet BIE MOT OF, OF OF 3 sin oi » XB ot »B noi var wo ©2 oF ole wi ot wt tan = & aos © © wt 3-41, Answers will vwy, 43. (@) 01736 (&) 0.1736, 4. (@) 0.2815 (b) 3.5523, 47. (a) 1.3499) 1.3432 49. (a) 5.0273) 0.1989 S1. (a) 1.8527 (b) 0.9817 S cos @ ‘The tangles are similar, and comesponding sides ae $3. (2) 30°=Z_ () 30° =F propetional ° é sin i 5. (a) 60" = tb) 45° = S 1 sind { so o=Z ward cos = i 7 > tan 6 4 s.@o=2 was The tvangles ze similar, and conesponting sides are i proportional 59.303 ot, 2 3 cot 0 63, 443.2 meters; 323.3 meters 68. 30° 67. (a) 371.1 foot (b) 341.6 feet (6) Moving down line at 61.8 feet per second cont Dropping vray at 242 fet per secant 3 69. (%;, »)) = (28V3, 28) - G3, 93) = (28, 283) 3 n@ n. sing= 3 . ory 1 An csv b coro A 25 / 1s 7 (a) The side of the triangle labeled h wll become shorter, 310 © 13. Anate, 6 | 0° [70° [ or | so” 1 Height [197 [ise [173 [153 Angle, 6 [ 40° [30° [ 20° | 10" Height [129 [100 [os [35Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A135 © As 9907450. 1 sin p - eco= 2 6 9 as 2B vB cos = 72 see = 2 5 2 tan 9= =$ cots 2 8/5 aon 9. sing = S25 csc b= 18. cex= 15, Bale, 2+ 2 65. (©) f approaches 0 and ¢ approaches +o0 because the ‘secant isthe reciprocal of the sine “The expressions are equivalent except that when sin x = 0, +y is undefined, . As x90, s(2) 91 As x90, fla) oscillates between I and —1 15. d= Tootsn. m. aL. 3. a7. 39, 93. 95, (a) (@) As the predator population increases, the number of prey decreases. When the number of prey i smal, the number of predatore decreases. (©) C24 months; Re 24 months (@) H: 12 months; L: 12 months () Sommer; winler —(@) I month “True, Fora given value of», the y-coordinate of ese xs the reciprocal of the y-coondinat of sin x [As x approaches 1/2 from the lel, f approaches oo. As x approaches 7/2 from the right, f approacaes ~ on @) 2 07391 () 1, 05403, 0.8576, 0.6543, 0.7935, 0.7014, 0:7640, 077221, 0.7504, 0.7314, .. .; 07391 Tie ‘The graphs appear to coincide on the interval -lsxeLl 1954-1994 91, -In2 = -0.693 = 1.684 « 10" LVEPST = 24851 97.2 Section 4.7 (page 349) Vocabulary Check (page 349) Lyssicle-tsxst 2 y= avons, OS y< [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Alat 19.129 21-085 28, 12528. 032 27,199 29.074 SL 08S 38, 1.29 wa By 3 39, 0 = arcsin => Ra Asymptotes: y = +1 13> 0 The graph of g isa horizontal shift one unit to the right of / m. , 31 : MALAVHOA142 83, 87. 89, 91 93, 95, 97. 99, 101, . ss Asnl whale?) AAA oh AA. PMY ‘The graph implies thatthe identity is tv (@) 6= aesin? (013,025 @u Ce) Beet (6) B= O.As xineroases, approaches 0 (@) 9260") Mateo ©) em arn 3) 140% 310 Sm False, ig notin the range ofthe actangent Domain: (—22, 20) Range: (0, =) [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 103, Domain: (~92. ~1Ju[1, 29) Range: (—9/2, 0) U (0, 2/2] 105, ( (@ 203 107. pop (©) The domains and ranges of the functions are restrict- ced. The graphs of ff) and f- f differ because of the domains and ranges of f and J! tos, 1279288. 117391 _ us wr see Li w= sae g vi AT us. sno Eco “ a0 = ogg = ST wT 117, Bight people 119, (a) $21,253.63 (b) $21,275.17 (©) $21,285.65 (@) $21,286.01 Section 4.8 (page 359) Vocabulary Check (page 359) 1. elevation; depression 3. bacmonie motion 2, bearing1 13. 19. 21 23. 25, 29. a= 3.64 5 c= 11.66 c= 1064 A= 3036 B= T0" Anis b> 5908 24948 991.34 256 inches A= 7208" = 40070 Be 1792 B= 7745" 1999 inches 18, 1072 feet 17. 19.7 fet @ 1 \, be A ! bo) 50(tan 47°40’ — tan 35°) (c) 19.9 feet 22368 feet we @ a= 72 59 20627. 073 mile 54 miles north: 709 miles eat (@) 58.18 natal miles west, 31 . Th aD 35" 48, 294 inches ye V3r a= 122,b=7 Si. d=4sin(n) 53. d= 3009(“%4) 7) @4 04 ©4 WF Ok OH OO Wh Bon se @: oF oF 55. 37. a. 104.95 nautical miles south (©) 836.7" W; distance = 130.9 nautical miles (a) N58°E (b) 68.82 meters S631 W 37, 1933.3 feet ). = 4.28 miles or ~ 17,054 feet Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A143 © [Base | Base 2 ‘Attitude | Arce 8 [8+ t6c0s 30" | 8sinzor | 597 8 [8 * tec0s40" | ssingo" | 727 8 [8+ tocos so" | ssinso | 805 8 [8 * tecos 00" | ssinoo" [ 831 8 [8 + 16c0s70" | 8sin70° | 807 8 | 8 + 16coss0" | ssingo" | 740 8 | 8 + 1600590" | &sin90" | oto \ [Base 1 | Base 2 ‘Altitade [Arca 8 8 + 1660s 56° | Ssin sor | 82.78 8 8+ 1600858" | Ssin se" | 8308 8 8+ 1660859" | Sins” | 83.7 8 8+ 1660s 60° | sin 60" | 3.14 8 8+ t6cos st" | ssinot” | 83.17 8 8+ 1660s 62" | ssin oz | 3.08 83.14 square feet OA 0s Osa 8) @ e = 84.1 square feet when 0 = 60° The answers are the same 65, False. The tower is leaning, so i isnot perfectly vertial and does not form a right angle with the ground 67. No, 8 24° E means 24 degrees east of north, 0. y= de +6 Te y= MALAVHOAlaa Review Exercises 41. 05 radian 3.) () Quadrant () Quadrant I 11, 8378 17. =200535° 2. @) ©) 430", =290" 13, -0589 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests (page 365) 5) (b) Quadrant (©) 250°, = 470" 45, 128571" 19, 478.17 inches sadians per minute () 400m inches per minste 23, Area = (4) 37. = 75.3130 339.28 square inches (32 x. ( 39, 3.2361 4 sin cos @ tan 8 cee sec 8 pt we ao; OF © 49, 06494 $1, 05621 83, 36722 37. 59, a. 6. 55, 71.3 mecersA145 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 93, 95, 69. sin ; tan 0 : csc 8 sec @ 2 cot # “ 97. (a) y = 2sinS28mx — (b) 264 cycles per second n. 99, 101. 8. 7 oa i vl . oe - 2, . pe. sin sss =, oxen = 2 ass 81, sint= 2409 = 2B, cos-2409 = = tan(— 240°) = — V3 107. 83. 0.7508 85. 0.058487, 3.2361 samy to0.fla) > Foe 117, 119, 12412. -0.98 123, - as, 1, -Z ogi 3-045 uns. 2 MALAVHOA146 138. 137. 139, [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 1221 miles, 85.6" False. The sine ot cosine function is often useful for modeling simple harmonic moti False, For each # there corresponds exactly one value of y 141. d; The period is 2m and the amplitude is 3, 143, b; The period is 2 and the amplitude is 2 148, ‘The function is undefined because see @ = 1/e08 @ 147. The ranges of the other four trigonometric fonctions ate (C0, 20) ot (98, IU T1, 20) 149, (a) A= 0477, >0; (6) A= 508, 0 > 0; £0877 >0 5 = 108,8>0 i j- “The area function increases sore rapidly Chapter Test (page 369) “ Br _3n 1.@) we 2 © 2s 2, 3000 radians per minute 3, ~ 709.04 square feet 3vT0 4 ino = 70 vo cos <8 tan = 3 5. 6. 0"= 70" 7. Quadrant HE 8, 150,210" 9, 138,181 1. 1. 2 , M ‘ Pesiod: 2 Not perio 16 a=-28 wn z 19. 310.1" 20, d= 608 wt Problem Solving (page 371) 1. @) HE radians 0 990" (6) = 816423. (a) 4767 feet (b) 3705 feet (6) w = 2183 foot, unos? = 1205 0 5 Even 9. (a) © (7369) E7369) 109369) = 0.945 LL, (@) 3.35,7.35 (b) —0.65 (c) Yes, There is a dilerence of nine periods between the values. 13. @) 405° (b) x= 171 feet: y © = 175 feet (@ As you move closer tothe rock, d must get smaller and smaller The angles @, and 0, will decrease along with the distance y, so d will decrease Chapter 5 Section 5.1 0.631 901 © 6 feet (page 379) Vocabulary Check (page 379) Linu 2cosw 3.colw 4 ese Scot 6 sectu T.cosu 8 csc 9. cosu 10. ~aanw Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A147 ee a= =1 see Gis undefined Id 1a Ib IRE Ie Me Mb Me BE Wa Be 2d 27. csc 0 29. cos BL cosx 3B. sinty Bl Mune BL tsiny AL seep 43. cosu+sinu 45, sinty 47, sin?x 49. sec x SI. sectx 53, sin?x — cos 55. cot xfesex— 1) 87. 1 + 2sinxcosx 59, dcot2x GL, Dese?x 63, 2seex 65.1 +cosy 67. 3(seex ~ tan) S$ UALdVHOAlas. [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests ™TT | 02 04 068 os 10 ak: cosa= 2 91. tnfeot x] 93, Infesersec | 95. (a) exe? 132" — col? 132° = 1.8107 — 0.8107 = 1 97, (@) cos(90" — 80°) 1.6360 0.6360 sin 80" = 0.9848 0 co(Z~ 08) = nos = a71% note AOL Pe Foetal ss) = ana sm hie 0 1, Noted teva cos 8= V7 109, Not an identity because 2A — tan ko cos ko AIL. An identity because sin» = = 1 identity b ok 113. Answers will vary. 15, x — 25 B+ 6x Se uy aaa) 121, 123. Section 5.2 (page 387) Vocabulary Check (page 387) 1. identity 2, conditional equation 3. an A cotu Scot 6 sinu 7. —oseu 8. secu 1-37. Anewers will vary 9. @) © Haentity (6) Answers will vary, 4. @) ® ARAA . Nolan identity (©) Answers will vay, 8. @) ® ML (6) Answers will vay, Identity45. @) Not an identity (6) Answers will vay, 47 and 49. Answers will vary. SL 1 $3.2 55. Answers will vary. 57. False, An identity is an equation that is true forall real values of @ 59, The equation is not an identity because sin 6 AT = cos ” In Possible answer: 7 6.2+(3- Vl 6. —8 +41 6-32 JT on 1 VS Section 5.3 (page 396) Vocabulary Check (page 396) 1. general 2, quadratic, extraneous + 6n,246n 45, 2.678, 5.820 47. 1.087,5.236 49. 0.860, 3.426 SI. 0, 2.678, 3,142, 5.820 53, 0.983, 1.768, 4.124, 4910 55. 0.3398, 0.8481, 2.2935, 2.8018 37, 1.9357, 2.7767, 50773, 59183 = Sm 89, 3,22 arctan S.arcianS +2 61. ela Sm 3 ‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests A149. 60» Fm o7sse Sa 239270 Maximum: (0.7854, 1.4142) Minimum: (5.9270, ~ 1.414 65.1 67. (a) Allzeal numbers x except x = 0 () y-axis symmetry; Horizontal asymptote: y = 1 (6) Oscllates (4) Infinitely many solutions (©) Yes, 0.6366 69, 0.04 second, 0.43 second, 0.83 second ‘71, February, March, and April 73. 36.9°,$3.1° 75. (a) Between = 8 seconds and s = 24 seconds (©) Stimes: 1 = 16, 48, 80,112, 144 seconds 7.@) @) 06 0. The sign of cos{(@/2) depends om the quadrant in which 6/2 lis. 0.38 minute 109, True. 4 sin(—1} cos(—) = 4{=sin.) cos x 0.89 minute Sin wees 1.20 minutes = 202 sins eon) 1.52 minutes 2 sin 2x 1.83 minutes 111, Reciprocal identities: Problem Solving (page 427) 1 sin cot ian 1. G@) cos 9 eo Gece 9 aes o 1 aa 6 coo= sino ‘Quotient identities: tan 28 cot Pythagorean identities: sin! 0 ~ cos? = 1 = tant 9 = sec? 8,1 + colt @ = ese? @ MB, -1< sins Lforallx US. y= 9) +1 ce 117, ~1.8431, 2.1758, 3.9903, 8.8935, 9.8820, Chapter Test (page 423) ) sine 3vB A. sin = = Rl 1 descosece cos 0 cee cot cot seo 0 3. Answers will vay. Su ty = cot 8 S$ UALdVHOA154 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests e Just 8 TF cos 8 (6) Seward; The amplitudes: 6.4 and 1.9 (@) 3652 days mo .5m dn ae u@isrs wBexs9 Ze ja FexentBerere @ osxs EB sxstm 13. (a) sinlu + v +0) ©) tanlu + y +) 1B) (b) 288: mes per second Chapter 6 Section 6.1 (page 436) Vocabulary Check (page 436) b 1 Sef jacsna 4, oblique 2, C= 108", b = 28.28, ¢ = 38.64 C= 120°, = 4.75.6 = 77 5. B= 21.557, C= 122456 = 11.49 B= 60.9", b= 19.32, ¢ * 6.36 1. B= 42°4'g = 22.05, b = 1488 |. A= 10°11, C= 1847194, 6 = 11.03 A= 2557, B= 9.43',a~ 1053 B= 1813.0 = 51°32, ¢ = 40.05 1. C= 88, a= 062, b = 051 9. a. 2 2m. 2». 37. at. B= 48.78", C= 21.267, ¢~ 48.23 No solution ‘wo solutions B= 72.21", C = 49:99, ¢ = 1027 B= 10779", C= 14.21", = 3.30 s .@WbSS b= th Sebe PSS DS Dag Sb ag 0 Tae 10s @ 6S 108b= STG 0) 108 [o [2 [» [s Tears | 60> | we | OY [9H [HE “tases | 2088 [2008 | i809 [ivas [vas diinches) [15 [16 129°| B98" 6 (egrees) sGinehesy | 16.55 [15.37 4658375 square feet 49. $83,336.37 False, For s to be the average of the lengths of the three sides of the tiangle, « would be equal to (a + b + o}/3. False. The three side lengths do not form a triangle. (a) $70.60) 5910) 177 Answers will vary [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests n. B. . coe 8 A155 sec @=1 xe Gis undefined Section 6.3 (page 456) Vocabulary Check (page 456) 1. directed line segmen 3. magnitude 5. standard position 6. unit vector 1 9. 2, initial; terminal 4. vector - multiplication; addition 8. resultant, >. linear combination; horizontal; vetiea . AF. slope sone, =f Mand ¥hive the seme mnguitade nd direction, so thoy are caval y= G,2h|W= VB 8. v= (03,2) IW= VB 9 O.S)/8 5 Kv (16,7 lv| VHS y= (8.o))/v= 1013. v= (9, -12); Iv) = 1s 15, 9 WaLdVHOA156 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 21. (@) B.4) @ (.-2) © -4i+ 1 23. (@ (-5,3) () (5,3) (© (-10,5)53, [yl] = 3: 0 = 60" ST. v= (3,0) (5,5) 67, (10/3 - 50, 10/2) 69. 90° 627 7B, 128"; 398.32 newtons 11.3%; 228.5 pounds . Vertical component: 70 sin 35° = 40.15 feet per second ‘Hexizontal component: 70 cos 35° = 57.34 feet per second 9. Tye = 1TS88 pounds $1, 3154.4 pounds Tye ~ 1305.4 pounds 83, N 21.4" B; 138.7 kilometers per hour 5. 1928.4 foot-pounds 87. True. See Example 1 89. (@) 0°) 180" (6) No. The magnitude is at most equal to the sum when, the angle between the vectors is 0" Answers wil vay 98, (3) or, 3) Sune 97. 63806 99.2 nat tne Whom t 7 6 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A157 Section 6.4 (page 467) Vocabulary Check (page 467) 1. dot product 2, ‘orthogonal jai 5: lov FPO <7 1 = 86 11. (6, 8); vector 18, V3 ~ 1; scalar aSVA 23.6 7-129, & scalar 13, (66, ~66); vector 17. 4; scalar 19. 13 25, 90° 27, 143.13" 29, 60.26" M1. 90° 35. : = 91.33" 39. 26.57", 63.43", 90° 43-20 45, —229.1 51. Orthogonal 41, 41.657, 53.15", 85.28 47. Pcl 49. Neither 53. 484, 14), (10,60) $5. 30,15), 8(-15.2) 57.0 99.(-5.3),5-3) OL HHH Hh 68.32 5, (@) $58,762.50; Ths value gives the (otal revenue U te earned by sling all of the unis 0) 105% (67 (a) Force = 30,000 sind ) 7 lelv ls Ty ® |= Force | 0 | 523.6 | 10470 | 1570.1 | 20927 [ 26147 a [*° |r |[* | 10° Force [ 31359 | 3656.1 | 41752 | 40930 | 2004 (6) 29,885.8 pounds 69, 735 newlon-meters "73. 21,650.64 foot-pounds 75, False. Work is represented by scala TL. 7794 foot-pounds .@ 0-2 0c0<2 WEc0ee 79, Answers wil vay. 81. 12V7 83, -2V6 85. 87.0.8 9 WaLdVHOA158 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Section 6.5 (page 478) Vocabulary Check (page 478) 1 2 trigonometric form; modulus; argument 3. DeMoivee's 4. nth root solute value VB (cos 2.62 + isin 2.62) 7(cos 0 + i sino} VB cos 3.46 + isin 3.48) 1. s{cosE + isin) 9, YT bos 596 + isin5.96) 11, wr 1 ee a . = os JBleos 0.8 + isinds8) — /TBIco8 3.97 + isin 397) Pa 338. tgey ma inert 839. imgney 2.8408 + 0.96431 ao9ss + L710 43. + o7sii ‘The absolute value of each is L 47, 1n{cosZ + isin t 8. Pou" +152) 51. 0.27(c08 150" + 4 sin 150°) 55, cos + isin 5 53, cos 30° + isin 30° 51. A{cos 302° + # sin 302°) 61 [fo22 + sn®2)] Vale? 402) (©) -28 = 2H -u42=2-%1 63 [5050.93 +i sin 0.9] = [2 (9) =-0982 + 2.290% 65, (a) [5{cos 0 + isin Ol] + | VTS (cos 0.98 + i sin0.98)] 5 (0) FFpleos 5.30 + sin S30) = 0769 — 1.1844 lo _ 15, s ) HE Bi 0769 = Lasts [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 61 tgs 1. -4 41 nie 2 81. 608.0 + 14471 <8, 83 Bata 89. (@) V5 (c0s 60° + isin 60") V5lcos 240° + isin 240") © men 87. 3 © 91. «@) ® (©) 18321 1 1.2856, -1.8794 1 0.6840, 03475 — 1.98961 A159 9 WaLdVHOA160 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 99. (@) cos0 + isin (37. Sn) 98. (9 sfeon37 + ssin5Z) ~ ©) tay © 1,0,3090 + 09stt, 0.8090 + 0.5878, 0.3090 - 095111 isin) Sleos w+ isin 2) 98. @) 0.8090 — 0.5878, 101. @) {eos : (cw! = isn’) ) © sige 97. (a) 2(cos 0 + isin 0) ey eo isn?) © 2 2 2(c0s w+ isin) (©) 234,72, -2 (6) 25201 + 1.28414, -0.4425 + 2.7936%, 2.7936 + 0.4425i, — 1.2841 ~ 2.52014,2 ~ 2410s. 107. 109, s(os22 + ssn22) “ m1, 93 13. us. uy. 119. 121, 123, 12s, 121. 129. LBL. ‘True, by the definition ofthe absolute value of a complex. umber Tre. a2) = rynleos(@, + 64) and only ifr, = O andlor r, Answers will vary (@) P* () c08 20+ isin 29 Answers will vary (@) 2(cos 30° + Hsin 30") () BF 2{e0s 150" + 4 sin 150") 2(eas 270° + i sin 270°) B68", b = 19.80, ¢ = 21.36 B= 60'-a = 6501, ¢ ~ 13002 B= APA a= 153,b = 829 16.218. $ 13S, ain 110 + sino Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A161 Review Exercises (page 482) |. C= 14, b= 13.19, 6= BAL A= 2670 = 2489, 6 = 56.23 C= 66", a~ 253, b= 9.11 7. B= 108.4 11.76,¢ = 21.49 9. A= 2041, C= 9.59',0= 2092 1, B= 3948", C= 6552",¢~ 48.24 13.79 15. 335 17. 31.1 meters 19, 31.01 feet 21. A ~ 29.69", B= S241", C = 97,90" 23. A= 2992", B = 86.18". C = 63.90" 25. A= 35°, C = 35°, = 655 27. A~ 45.76", B= 91.28", 0 = 21.42 29, = 43 feet, =126 feet 31. 6iS.imeters 33,980 38. 836 37, [jul = |v] = VGF, slope, = slope, = 3 39.7.8) 4 7,7) 48, (4,45) (a) (4,3) (6) (2-9) (=3,-9) @ (-11,-3) 47. (1.6) (-9.=2) @ (-15,6) @ (17,18) 9. @ T+ W344 | H—3 @ 20445 SL@ +5 OIG OIA @ s+ 15 33. (22,-7) (30,9) ST. -3i+4j 59. 61 + 4j 61. 10./F(cos 1354 + sin 135°3) 63. |= 7:8 60" 68. [vj = VT = 387° 67. Isl] = 3%, 6 = 225 (69, The resultant force is 133.92 pounds and 5.6" from the 85-pound force. ‘71, 422,30 miles per hour 308° 78. 45 75. -2 77. 50;scalar_ 79. (6, —8); vector Ln . a EZ 83, 1605 85. Onhogonal 87. Neither 39, 84.1), B14) 9 X11), 80,1) 93. 48 95, 72,000 foot-pounds 9 WaLdVHOA162 —_—_Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 97. 99, oe 5 103. 6{cos 3 + sin } foe! + isin! 105. (9) 2, = a(cos 22 + isin) 3a 3m of cos 3Z + isin XZ 7 7 vin 28) Jo, 20m ©) 2x22 = 40{c08-S™ s*) + isn?) 109, 2035 ~ 828) 11, 13. us. av¥, 3 o 2 2 0.7765 + 2.8981, ay 0.7765 ~ 2.8981, 2.898 — 0.77551 (@) 2(c0s 0 ~ isin 0) 2.898 + 0.765%, — (©) 2-14 V3i,-1- VR (cos 7 + isin) = 392 , 3%, s(coo% + sain) = 92 2 am a ( 3feo (. loos 5 (cos out119, ‘Tue, sin 90° is defined in the Law of Sines 121, Ts By dfnion w= so = in, 123, False. The solutions to x? — 81 = 0 are x= 2 + 24 and -2- 24 125, 2 + ct = Aho cosa, b= at + cf = Daccos B, 1 B= 2abeos C 127, Aand C 128, Ifk > 0, the direction i the same and the magnitude is k times as great IL < 0, the result is a vector in the opposite ditection and the magnitude is [k| times as great ISL. (@) {cos 60° + isin 60°) () ~o4 {cos 180° + isin 180") -Aleos 300° + isin 300°) 133, 2.2, =4 2» cos(20— m) + i sin(20— 00s 26 ~ isin20 Chapter Test (page 486) 1. C= 88,6 = 2781,¢~ 2998 2. A= 43,6 = 25.75, c= 1445 3. Two solutions B~29.12', C= 12688", ¢ = 22.08 B= 150887, C= 5.126 = 246 No solution 8. A~ 39.96", A= 2343", B = 3357, ¢ = 8646 2082.5 square meters 8, 606.3 miles; 29.1° s-23) 10, (SLE 3038) 17 17 1 (-4,6) 12, (10,4) 40 1502 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A163 16. 135° 17. No 19, = 104 pounds 15. 149% 25015 pounds 18. HIS. 1) (LS) 20, 22) an. -3-9 33 2. 23, 58321 24. + isin) 12) isin22) be isin 82) 25 Cumulative Test for Chapters 4-6 (page 487) L@) : (b 240" Qn o-= @ oo Coy = 2 @ sin(= 120") = - 1 cos(=120") = = 2 tax(- 120") = JF 2.1346" 9 WaLdVHO[Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 5 wu. VT=W 1 Duane 14-16, Anowers will vary 24, 2.cos 6x cos 28 25, B= 26.39", C= 123.61",¢ = 150 26. Bm 5248, C= 9782" a= 508 MB oa =ST.e = 158 38. A 2588-B m2 TPC = 9090" 29. 36.4 square inches 30, 852 square inches i sissy a2 (2 3-5 Lag dt wa —havn2hs,-0 5 2tleo3® + sand”) aon a. 2I{cos22 + isin32) 36, <1 V3 + 1m cos 2 5 jsin 2-14 cos t™ az 1 _ oo + joint = 1B, 38. 3(cosZ + ssinZ) (ou 22 22) 3(c0s 9 + isin a) 39, = 395.8 radians per minute; ~ 8312.6 inches per minate 40. Area = 63.67 square yards 41, Seet 42, 22.6 4B. d= 4c0sZs 44, 32.6% 543.9 kilometers per hour 48, 425 foot-pounds Problem Solving (page 493) 1. 201 feat 3 @ 4 Ba () Station A: 27.45 miles; Staion B: $3.03 miles (6) 11.03 miles; $21.7 B 5) @ VE Gi) VS Gi) 1 yy 1 wt wal wO@al (i) 37 i) VTE a1 wt oot oo S wwe we Gv) wt wl @ @ 25 (i) 52 Git) SVE wl wt oo ie Tow = Hut vw 9. @) ° ‘The amount of work done by Fis equal to the amount of work done by F,, ©) ° ‘The amount of work done by Fis V3 times as great as the amount of work dane by F,Chapter 7 Section 7.1 (page 503) Vocabulary Check (page 503) 1. system of equations 2, solution 3. solving 4. substitution 5. point of intersection 6, break-even (No @ No 3. (@) No) Yer (9) No 5.2.2) 7.2,6,(-1.3) 9. (0.-5) (4,3) 11. (0,0).(2,-4) ©.),0,-2,6.1) 18.65) 17, i) | 21. 8) 29. No stuion 25, (-2.4),0,0) 21. Nosolsion 29. (4,3) BL (EH) 33.02.2140) 38. (4,147) 37. (8-8) 38, Noseluion 41. (4,3), (4,3) (@ Yes (@) No 3) 45, (0.-13).(212,5) 49. (1.2) SL. (=2,0),(8.#) $3. No sottion $5. (0287, 1751) §7. (=1,0), (0,1), (1,0) 39, (4.2), (4-3) 61. 192 units 63. (@ TBI units (6) 3708 units 6.) B weeks © 360 — 24x | 336 | 312 | 228 | 268 meise [a2 foo [7 | 96 s [se [a [s 360 — 24x | 240 | 216 | 192 | 168 2a ise | 1s [152 [150 | 168 (67. More than $11,666.67 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests o. 1. 2. n. D. a1. 85, 89, s1. 93. AI65 5,000 @{ oxy 2,000 |oosx + a08sy @ "22 Decreases; Interest is fixed, (©) $5000 (@) Solar: 0.1429 — 4.461 + 968 Wind: 163711 ~ 102.7 (©) Point of intersection: (10.3, 6.01). Consumption of solar and wind energy are equal at this point in time in the year 2000 (@) r= 103, 135.47 () The cesuls ar the same, but de to the given parameters, 155.47 isnot of significance. (©) Answers will vary, ‘meters x 9 mete Silo False, To solve a system of equations by substitation, you ‘ean solve for either variable in one ofthe two equations and then back-substitate I. Solve one of the equations for one vari the other 2. Substitute the expression found in Step 1 into the olher ‘equation to obiain an equstion in one variable 3, Solve the equation obtained in Step 2, 4, Back-substiute the value obtained in Step 3 into the ‘expression obtained in Step 1 to find the value of the other vaiable 5. Check that the solution satisfies each of the original @ya2 BW y=0 ]y=x-2 2etIy=45—0 8h y—3=0 30r- My = 18 =0 Domain: All real numbers x except x = 6 Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 Venical asymptote: x Domain: All real numbers x except x = 34 Horizontal asymptote: y = 1 Vertical asymptotes: x = +4 175. 9 inches » 12 inches oters x 12 kilometers a terms of LUYaLdVHOA166 —_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Section 7.2 (page 515) Vocabulary Check (page 515) 1. elimination 2, equivalent 3. consistent; inconsistent 4. equilibrium point 122) 34-1) (33) 19. No solution B64) 15.4, a (89 23, Infinitely many solutions: (a 25. (9-8) 2. ( 31. b; one solution; consistent 32. a ifiitely many solutions consistent 33. cj one solution; consistent 34. dno solutions inconsistent (41) 37, (2-1) 39. (6, -3) 550 miles pe hou, SO miles per hour ($0, 10) 47. (2,000,000, 100) 49. Cheeseburger: 310 calories; tes: 250 calories 41. ( SL. @) xt y=l0 (© 20% stwion: ers Soe solution: 3} i Decreases 83. $6000 $8, 400 adult, 1035 student ST y=09e421 Sy =032r441 Ce 63. @) y= de 19 (by 1.4 ushels per acre or. 5. False, Two lines that coincide have infinitely many points of intersection No. Two lines wil intersect only once or will coincide, and if ‘ey coincide the system will have infinitely many solutions. 469. (39,600, 98). tis necessary to change the scale on the axes to see the point of intersection, k= 4 waxes 8 Beck 1 -2exels . -Sexe} 81. In6r 83. 1op,"2 85. No solution 87. Answers will vay. Section 7.3 (page 527) Vocabulary Check (page 527) 1. row-echelon 2, ordered triple 3. Gaussian 4, row operation 8. nonsquare 6. position 1. No (No (@) No. () Yes 3.(@) Noh) No (@) Yes _(@) No -24) 7. G,10,2) 9. (4,-2.2) UW. [x3 +3e=5 yr2en9 ax = 50 Ficst step in prtng the system in row-echelon form 13.12.38) 18. (4.8.5) 17. 6,-2.0) 19. No ation 24 23, (=3a + 10, Sa = 7.4) 27. (a,2a = 2,8).Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A167 BL (1,1,1,1) 38 Nosolution 38. (0,0,0) 5 Mx=4V3/2 of x 37, (9a, —35a, 67a) 39, s = — 161? + 144 yas yey yao 41. 5 = —161° — 321 + S00 vans asl a=o 179, False. Equation 2 dacs not have a leading coefficient of 1. BI. No, Answers will vary 83. [arb y- 2=9 [rtyt 295 x#2y- 250 fx -2 00 1 85, “5 [rttytde= 9 - B yen 3 xtoysde= Dy nana 87. 6.375 89, 80,000 91. LL +i 93.2248 95, 97. (a) —4,0.3 © S1. 6 touchdowns, 6 exira-point kicks, and I fleld goal 53. $300,000 at 8% $400,000 at 9% $75,000 at 10% 55. 250,000 ~ ein cetfcates of deposit 125,000 + $s in municipal bonds 125,000 — sin blue-chip stocks sin growth stocks 57. BrandX 418 59, Vanilla 21b Brand ¥ = 91b Hazelnt = 416 Brand Z = 916 rench Roast = 4 Ib 61. Television — 30 ads . Radio = 10 ads Nowspaper = 20 ads 63. (@) Not possible () No gallons of 10%, 6 gallons of 15%, 6 gallons of 25% (6) 4 gallons of 10%, No gallons of 15%, 8 gallons of 259% 6. Lh 2h 1 10. 0 2 a |s OL y=eax y= a of om 71. (@) y = —0.0075x? + 13x + 20 py Aor | 4858 | 4 | o om © [x] 100 | 120 [1401 ey eye y [as [os [ss “The values are the same. (@) 24.25% —(@) 156 females "3. Touchdowns = 8; Field goals = 2; ‘Two-point conversions = 1; Extre-point kicks = 5 LUYaLdVHOA168 —_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 5057-2 [-1 Jolt y | 5793 [son | 4 [398 [3.358 105. (40,40) 107, Answers will vary. Section 7.4 (page 539) Vocabulary Check (page 539) 1, partial fraction devomposition 2. improper 3. linear, quadratic; reducible 4. basic equation a4 w=15 A, Bete x Bee Mates wa BEC, PE yt 1) x 7) 1 (©) The vertical asymptotes are the same 2000 2000 ja Tt 2000 57.) ders] ©) Ymax (@) Maximum: 4007 Minimum: 266.7F 459, False. The partial Sraction decomposition is A 2B c 61Section 7.5 (page 548) 1. solution 4, solution Vocabulary Check (page 548) 2 graph 3. linear 5. consumer surplus Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A169. 1. 24 29.» No solution la 2 () No () No mystr+2 (©) Yes (@) Yes © Yes @ Yes a7. LUYaLdVHOA170 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests y20 x20, y20 Sfe ty s16 OL f2sxss 6. [yst y20 yeo 65. (a) () Consumer surplus: $1600 Producer surplus: $400 61. @) () Consumer surplus $40,000,000 Producer surplus: $20,000,000 6. 1. B. 18. a1. reper feedy es yo y2o f+ < 20000 : ye aan js B $000 v2 5000 se rN Sse 10) < 750} ye 50 p> (a) (20x + 10y = 300) 15x + 10y > 150 lox + 20y 2 200 ° yeo (©) Answers will vary. 1 (2) y = 19.171 = 46.61 oe (©) Total retail sales Aq + b) = $821.3 bilion ‘True. The figure isa rectangle witha length of 9 units and width of 11 units ‘The graph is a hal-line on the real number ine; on the rectangular coordinate system, the graph is a half-plane.83. (@) (ry! - mx? 2 10) x0 5 (©) The line isan asymptote to the boundary. The larger the circles, the closer the radii can be and the constraint ‘wil all be satisfied. Sd 86.0 Sc Ba 89. 5x) 3y—8 0 OL IRI ITY 1 130 9.x y +18 =0 98. a) yy = 21M +225 yy ~o2me 4 = 21(1.054 7231 3.4 (©) The quadratic model is the best fit for the data, (a) $48.65 Section 7.6 (page 558) Vocabulary Check (page 558) 1, optimization 3. objective 5. vertex 2, linear programming 4. constraints; feasible solutions A. Minimum at(0,0): 0 3, Minimum at (0,0): 0 Maximum at (5, 0}: 20 Maximum at (0,5): Minimum at(0, 0): 0.7. Minimum at (0, 0}: 0 Maximum at(3, 4): 17 Maximum at (4, 0): 20 9. Minimum at (0,0): 0 ‘Maximum at (60, 20): 740 11, Minizaum at (0, 0): 0 ‘Maximum al any point om the ine segment connecting (60, 20) and (30, 45): 2100 Minimum at (0,0): 0 ‘Maximum at (5,0); 30 Minimum at (0, 0):0 Maximum at (0,2): 48 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A171 ano, Mininaom at (5,3): 35, Minimum at (10, 0): 20 No maximum No maximum a. 2. Minimum a (36,0): 36 Maximus at (24,8): 56 27. Maximum at (0, 1): 10 431, Maximum at (3,2) Maximum at (40,0): 160, 25, Maximum at (3, 6): 12 29, Maximum at (0,5) 25 3. ‘The maximum, 5, occurs at any point on the line segment connecting (2,0) and (8,3 “The constraint x $ 10s extraneous, Maximum at (0,7): 14 ‘The constraint 2x + y <4 ‘Maximum at (0, 1):4 LUYaLdVHOAI72 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 39, 750 units of model A 41. 216 units of $300 mode! 1000 units of model B O units of $250 model Optimal pri: $83,750 Optimal profit: $8640 43. Three bags of brand X 45. 0 tax returns Six hags of brand Y 12 audits Optimal cost: $195 ‘Optimal revenue: $30,000 47, $62,500 ype A $187 500 to ype B Opti tun $23,750 49. "Tue The ebjective fonction has 2 maximum value at eny print on the ine sement connecting te wo vee. sL@i2s Wysrs9 Besxo5 Benkty sO eo 2+ ar-13 59, BB yes ans 1059 ax = 2) 63, 4138 = 14550 65, $e27 = 1851 67. (-4, 3, -7) Review Exercises (page 563) 1.(,1) 3 025,0625) 8. (5,4) 7, (0,0).(.8),(-2,8) 9. (4-2) AL, (141, ~ 0.66), (=1.41, 10.66), 13, 2 ©. 1S, 3847 units 17, 96 meters x 144 meters 19. (3,3) 21. (05,08) 28. (0,0) 28. 27. d, one solution, consistent , : : 13. [bor 0) < 2400 2. nt etn tonite Ta + 8) 5 10 2 hamilton conse ee sn (22289). aa. -9 ee = etc Spe hana) dy =e 4x5 yoda b ay 10 hs Bx 14s + 117 we Te. 130) (6) 1952; yes. = A . (©) Consumer surplus: $4,500,000 = Producer surplus: $9,000,000 The model is @ good ft 47, $16,000 at 7% $13,000 at 9% $311,000 at 11%Minimam at (15,0): 2625 No maximum Minisaum at (0,0): 0 Maximum at(S, 8): 47 31 Minimum a (0, 0: 0 Maximor at (3,3) 8 83. Thais 85, Thice bags of brand X 0 permanents Two bags of brand Y Optimal revenue; $1800 Optima cast: $105, 87, False. To represent a region covered by an isosceles tape- 2d, the las two inequality signs should be %. [> 29 [et "| xty any 97. An inconsistent system of line 99. Answers will vay, -1 equations has no solution Chapter Test (page 567) 13,4 2% @-0.(,0,,0 3. (4), 2-2) 4 (3.0, (2,5) Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A173 (1,12), (0.034, 8.619) 7.5) (2=1) 9 (2,-3.1) 10, No solution nL. wa 13. 4, 16, 418, Maximum at (12, 0) 240 Minimum at (0,0): 0 19, 8%: $20,000 20. y 8.5%: $30,000 21. 0 units of model f, $300 units of model It (Optimal profit: $212,000 Problem Solving (page 569) ‘59 a= 8b 4J5,c= 20 (V5)! = (av3) = 208 ‘Therefore, the triangle is aright triangle LUYaLdVHOA174 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests - 2 \ as Ty-8& 4 mo (SEH S—,) eft} lla + 36 13a- 40 \ p[e 2 ot ile +36 a= 40 jfra -1) (©) (-a+3,a—3,a) — (q) Infinitely many co i ed | 3 is. { at 1532 ‘ 03 2 4)lo 3 m0 4) ‘Add 4 times new Row 1 to Row 3, 123 12 8 27. |o -5 -10] @]o -5 -10 3 Look 0 -5 -10 12 3 123 17.@ [r+ys20 wo -s -10] @fo 12 x 23S 2 0 0 o. 00 0 o 10 er 1 Wor 2 loo 0, ” “The maltin isin reduced row-echelon form 29, Reduced row-echelon form ae 31. Not in row-echelon form (6) No, because the total cholesterol is greater than 200 f 1 0 i | J anlligrams per deciliter sfo 1 2 of 3s, 3 (@) LDL: 140 milligrams per deciliter jo Oo 1 a ° HDL: 50 malligrams per deciliter 1 1 0 0 Teta: 190 malign per deiter xfo to] ».|2 (©) (50, 120; 52 = 3.4 « 4 answers will vay. arn ° Chapter 8 [io ss) ap Section 8.1 (page 582) o12 2 t Vocabulary Check (page 582) 45 (xy-y42e= 4 A. matrix 2 square 3, main diagonal yors 2 4, row: column. augmented 6, coeflicient ao 1. rowoquivalenl 8, reduced row-echelon form (6.0,-2) 9. Gaver Jordan climination 47.6.4) 49. (-4,-10,4) $1. 6,2) $3. (=5,6) $5. (-1, 4) $7, Inconsistent 59, (4,-3.2) 61. (7,-3.4) 63, (-4, -3,6) BERD SSxT S242 : 65. (Qa+ 1.30 42,0) nfs 2 61. (4 + Sb = 40,2 — 3b 3a,b,4) 69. Inconsistent “Posi RB ° 71. 0.2 - 4a.) 73. (1,0,4,-2) 75. (=2a,4,4,0) 77. Yes:(=1,1,-3) 19. No 13 a. {o 0 1 a 1 12-1 0 on 283, 85, 89, 91 93, 95, 97. 99, 101, 10s. ax wee-5 $150,000 at 79 {$750,000 at 8% {$500,000 at 10% (@) y= -0004x + 0367" + 5 ® (6) 13 feet, 104 fees) 13.418 et, 103.793 feet (6) The results are similar @) x Sx = y= 600-5 my 45 = 500-1 x = xy 0) x, = 0, 24 = 0, x, = 600, x, = 0, x, = 500, ° 500, x5 Ox False. It ig a2 » 4 matix False. Gaussian elimination reduces a matrix until a row= echelon form is obtained, Gauss-Tordan elimination blaine, Ox 600, x. 500 500, ix until a reduced row-echelon form i (a) There exists a row with all zeros except forthe entry in the last column (@) There ate fewer rows with nonzero enteies than there are variables and no rows asin (@) ‘They are the same. 103. [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Section 8.2 (page 597) ANTS Vocabulary Check (page 597) J oft 3) off 2 4-1 -203 S-4 12 UL 11. (@, (6), and (@) not possible is 09 -3 -1 0 = 1 101, ? 103, 105. Does not exist, Section 8.5 (page 628) Vocabulary Check (page 628) 1, Cramer's Rule 2, collinear ipo BAnath, oy 1) 4 cryptogram by oy 5. uncoded; coded 1.2,-2) &. Notpossible 5. (, 7. (1.3.2) 9 (=21,-1) aL (0, 020 187 I we 2 y= Bory =o 2. y~~3ory——11 29, 250 squre miles 31, Collinear” 33, Not collinear 38. Cllner Miya} Way 0 dea Bx+y-s-0 48, Uncoded: [20 18 15], [21 2 12],[5 0 9], [14 0 18], [9 22 5],[18 0 3],[9 20 25) Encoded: =$2 1027-49 39-34-49 13.27 fog 2 11-7 0-129 Fiat 41 $5 47, ~6 35-09 11 2017 6 16 ~S8 46 19 67 49-5 —41 87 91 207 257 11 5 —a1 40 80 34 76 177 227 |. HAPPY NEW YEAR 3. CLASS IS CANCELED SEND PLANES $7. MEET ME TONIGHT RON Fale. The denominater isthe determing 61, False Ifthe determinant of the ose mati iso, the eysem has ether no solution or infinitely many solutions 63. (6,4) of the coeft- 65. (-1,0,-3) ‘Minimum at (0,0): 0 ‘Maximum at (6,4) 52 Review Exercises (page 632) noer aaet 5/271 2 s 4 2, 23. (0.4.3) ol al @[% 3 fs 7 s 1 (te «| a 31afis maw] 0 [us 65. [$274,150 $303,150] ‘The merchandise shipped to warehouse 1 is worth $274,180 and the merchandise shipped to warehouse 2 is worth $303,150, 67-69, AB ~ Tani BA~ 1 6 -4 1. “53 2-1 <3 6-55 35 1-202 -1 7. 7-15 145 -95 -1 25 -25 15] 1 a su) 83, (36,1) 85.(-6.-1) 87.(2,-1,-2) 9. 61,-1) 91-31) 9% (1-2) 98. 4297. 550 99. (a) My) = 4 Mig = 7, May 2 (0) Cy = 4.02 = -7.C 2 101, (8) My) = 30, Myy = ~12,Myy = —21 Mgy = 20, My, = 19, Myy = 22,Myy = 5 My = -2,My = 19 (6) G, = 30, = 12,6, = -21, Gy, = -20, Cx, = 19, Cy = —22. Cy =5.Cy— 2 Cy 19 103. 130105. 279107, (4,7) 109. (-1,4.5) ML. 16 113. 10118, Collincar HI x-+4=0 119, 2x4 6y- 13 =0 121, Uncoded: [12.15 15]. [11 0 15], [21 20 0}, [2s 12,15 23 9) Encoded: —21 6 0 —68 8 45 102 ~42 —50 ~S3 20 21 99 -30 ~69 123, SEE YOU FRIDAY 128, False. The matrix must he square. 127, The matrix must be square and its determinant nonzero. 129, No. The frst wo matrices deseribe a aystem of equations ‘with one solution. The thd matrix describes a systema ‘with infinitely many solutions IM. A= 42VT0-3 Chapter Test (page 637) ji oo ajo 1 0 oo 1 Anowerst0 OddNumbered xecsesandTests A179 Loon a ot ont 2 0 0 0 oO 30 sa are soins | j 15 3-76 aces 2m) 8-16 9. 8 Mess) eRe kD 1H Unoded: [11 1418} 11 o} 18 18 0}28 15 15) [4 00) Breotat 115 1-59 4 3 11 29 —15 15, 75 liters of 60% solution 25 liters of 20% solution Problem Solving (page 639) “tt a] 1203 “1-2-3 = 33 Lovar-| AAT A represents a counterclockwise rotation (6) AAT is rotated clockwise 90° to obtain AT. AT is then rotated clockwise 90° to obtain 7 8 UaLdVHOweft pers ta 201 waar =[} 23] we@at=|t 7 (6) JOHN RETURN TO BASE lal =0 Chapter 9 Section 9.1 (page 649) Vocabulary Check (page 649) 1. infinite sequence 2. terms 4. recursively, factorial 6. summation notation 7. index: upper; lower 9. nly parial sum 3 finite 8. series 37, 61 6. 1. nD. 89, 95, 103. 107. 109, SI. 28, 24,20, 16, 12 3,4,6,10,18 $8, 6,8, 10, 12,18 81,27.9,8.1 243 $ lita tba hyea me haze Faw 30500 6.90 One L ‘ me S840 M0 Poss a0 ss81 97.8 at ari) “ SE dbl) +9] 93. Dey ‘ 8 3 Bio. -3 (@) A, = $5100.00, A, = $5202.00, A, = $5306.04, Ay = $5412.16, A, = $5520.40, A, = $5630.81 A, = $5743.43, A, = $5858.30 () Ay = $11,01020 () by ~ 605In ~ 182 ©) = LOln? + 268m — 9.5 ffs [s [wo fu [2 fas a, | 311 | 357 | 419 | aa1 | sas | cos b, | 303 | 363 | 424 | ase [ sas | cos ;, [ 308 | 362 | 420 [so | sa [oir ‘The quadeatic model is a better ft (@) The quadratic model; 995LIL, (a) a = $31029, a, = $364.3, a, = $4079.6, a, ~ $H425.3, a, = $46982, a, = 4914.8, 1a, ~ $5091.8, a, = $52457, a, = $5393.2, 4, = $5550.9, ayy = $5735.5, a1, = $5963, ‘diy = $6215, ays = $6615.3 (©) The federal debs is increasing, 113, True by the Propeties of Sums 1S. 1, 1,2,3,5,8, 13,21, 34,55, 89, 144 119, Answers will vary 117, $500.95 121, », 720° 0,320" ~ 328,500 123, 125, 17. mH) = SS, so -15 1 w.o[ $f] [2 ot 9 42 ole a} @ lat at -3 7 4 10 25-10 wm.@] 4 4 1] @f-m-n 3 143 -3 -9 -8) -2 7-16) fis 31 a | 4 2 aslq@ fio 47 a 12 as) [is 222s 133, 26 138, —194 Section 9.2 (page 659) Vocabulary Check (page 659) 1. aithmetic; common 2, 4, = dn + 3, sum ofa finite arithmetic sequence 1, Arithmetic sequence, d = -2 3, Not an arithmetic sequence 5. Arithmetic zequence, d 7. Not an arithmetic sequence 9, Not an arithmetic sequence 11, 8, 11, 14,17, 20 Asitumetic sequence, d = 3 13. 7,3,-1,-5,-9 Arithmetic sequence, d = —4 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A181 15. -1,1,-1,1,-1 Not an arthmetie sequence 1-34) -14.-3 Nolan arithmetic sequence 1. 0,-3n-2 2, a, = ~8n + 108 Bia-2m-x 3. monte 2 a= Bn+i Be a= an ~ 108 31. 5111,17,23,29 38, ~26,-30,-34,~38,-42 35, 2,6.10,14,18 37, ~2.2,6,10,14 39, 15, 19, 23,27,31;d= 4:4, = 4n +11 41. 200, 190, 180, 170, BLLRid= - 7. 57.620 $9. 174 61. 265 65. 10,000 67, 127569, 30.030 71, 355 63. 4000 re ienoon “asisa0 tm ars» 0 . sin000 ($217500 8. DO a 4 sosbike #7450 ea n2ieas 0 31, $1030, ne wa, ao vem [Pe 5 wos 2x0 [sais [sate [sous [sata [sao {81800 | s1600 | s1400 | $1200 | $1000 | s800 (Sil 95. (a) a, ~ 1098% + 17,588 (©) a, = 1114.9n + 17,795; tae models are similar © (@) 2008 $32,960 2005: $34,058 (©) Ansovers will vary, 97. True. Given a, and a,,d = a, ~ a, and a, = a, + (0 Id 99, Answers will vay, 6 UALIVHDA182 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests (6) The graph of y = 3x + 2 contains all points on the line, The graph of 3, a the positive integers. (@ The slope of the line and the common dlifference of +n contains only points arithmetic sequence are equal. 103, 4 105. Slope: 3 107, Slope: undefined; No ysintezcept intercept: (0, ~¥) 109. = Ly = 525-1 Section 9.3 (page 669) ALL, Answers will vary. Vocabulary Check (page 669) 1. geometric; common 2a, = ay"! seme 1. Goometric sequence, r 43. Not a geomettic sequence 5. Geomettic sequence, r = 7. Geometric sequence, r 9. 1. 5. Not a geomeitie sequence 2,6, 18, $4, 162 udhhd Wlweevet xt ps2 a8 21, 64, 32,16, 8,457 a. 138(f)" 37, 43, 41. 53, 4. 67. 2B, B. 89, 97, 99, 101, 103. 107. 109. m1, us. us. 121, 123, 100e*~"; 1006" = S0o(l.o2y'"'; = 108237238, 45,927 50388480 99.a=9 dL ag = -2 a Me ab aed * 8 sil 58.171 §7.43 59, BS 29921311 63, 592647 68, 2092.596 $69. 6400.71. 3750 Ssay- mr. Sota 2 sew 32.1, Undefined, Horizontal asymptote: y = 12 ‘Corresponds to the sum of the series (@) 4, = 1190:88(1.006)" (©) The population is growing at arate of 0.6% per year (6) 134222 million. This value is close to the prediction, (@ 2007 (a) $3714.87 (b) $3722.16 (6) $3725.85 (@) 8372832 (@) $3729.52 STO11.89 105. Answers will vary (a) $26,198.27) $26,263.88 (@) $118,590.12 () $118,788.73 Answers will vary. 113. $1600 = 218182 $3,623,993.25 False, A sequence is geometric ifthe ratios of consecutive 117. 126 square inches terme are the same. Given a real number r between —1 and 1, a the exponent nn increases, r" approaches zer0,128, 2 4 2e AM at + Ge +L 129, x(x = 8)x—8) ISL. Gx + 2-5) 133. m xaos 1s, 30 Ge ae-3 Section 9.4 (page 681) 131. 139. Answers will vary Vocabulary Check (page 681) 1. mathematical induction 2, frst 3. arithmetic 4, second i 5 5, Dak + 2 Tea 7 5.3, Answers will yay. 38.5, n(n ~ 1) 13)" 1 ssc Sho sexo 4.120 8.91 48.97 47.70, 3402 5103.6.9.12 18 Pr derenes:3,3,3.3.3 Second dferences: 00.0.0 Linear sy h12-6-1L-17 Past ierenees =2,—3, Secon difereness — 1,-1.1. Quadratic 55.2.4 16,256, 65.586, 4294967296 Fes ferences 212.240 68280, 429490.160 Second diferences 10,228, 65040, 294.836.4809 2 8.4,= 40 22,2.3,09 (©) A linear model can be used, a, = 22n + 1027 (©) a, = 2.08n + 1039 (@ Part: a, = 142.3; Parte: a, = 141.34 ‘These are very similar 63, True, P, may be false (65. True. Ifthe second differences are all ero, then the first differences ae ll the same and the sequence is arithmetic, 67, ast = 42169, —B 8x? + 24082 — 300 ~ 125) ‘TL (a) Domain: all real numbers x except x = —3 ©) Inercept: (0.0) (6) Vertical asymptote: x = —3 Horizontal asymptote: y [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests B. @ . (@) Domain: all real numbers ¢ except r = 0 (0) eimeercept: (7,0) (6) Vertical asymptote: = 0 Horizontal asymptote: y = 1 @ Section 9.5 (page 688) A183 Vocabulary Check (page 688) 1, binomial coeflicients 2. Binomial Theorem; Pascal's Triangle (n 3.(")..6, 4 expanding 2 binomial . 17. 19. a. 2. 25. xt Arty? = Gry! + dry + 10 31 8.15504 7. 2109. 4950 5613.35 AS at ay a! 4 24a) + 2164? + B64 + 1296 yi = 12yt + ay — 68 204 Srty # 10x92 + 10829? + Say Po = 1Br5e 4 13Sr4e2 + S40r Is? + 1DESrA + 488" +7 243a® — 16204'b + 43200° — 57604%* + 3840ab* — 10246° Be + 1ty + oy? $y! 1 Sy los? to ot 2x! = Day? + 1132 = 26x + 207 305 — 80r'e + 80° — 401% + Lose! — 6 at 6 UaLAVHOA184 ——_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 37. a8 + LOrty + 4Ox'y? + 8Ox!y8 + Bayt + 329% 39, 120x'y> 41. 360x243, 1,259,714)" 45. 32,475.950,000x'y 47, 1,732,104 49. 180 SL. —325,592 $3. 210 35. a2 + 12y5!2 + Say ~ 108k! ~ 8) ST. at — Buy 6 Batya y Dhak + hh ' 1 BSF ht HAeO 6 Theo 6-4 65. 2035-4 8287 67.1 69. 1172 71, 510,568,785 nn 4s silted four units to the lel of els) = + 10a = ate + 48 78.0278 77. 0171 79. (a) fl) = 0.0025" ~ O05? + O88 472.7 ©) # a (© f(0): 33.26 gallons; g(t): 33.26 gallons; yes (0) The tend is for the per capita consumption of bottled water to inerease. This may be due to the increasing concern With contaminants in tap water 81, True, The coefficients from the Binomial Theorem can be ‘used to find the numbers in Pascal's Triangle 83, False, The coefficient of the x"-erm is 1,732,104 and the coefficient of the x*-term is 192,456, 81 a se 87, The signs ofthe terms in the expansion of (x ~ y)" alternate between positive and negative 89-91. Answers will vary mle Section 9.6 (page 698) Vocabulary Check (page 698) 1. Fundamental Counting Principle a 2, permutation BP, 4, distinguishable permutations 5. combinations 6 35 53 78 9390 10 13, 64 15, 175,760,000 17. (@ 900 (&) 648 (©) 180 (@) 600 19. 64,000 21, (@) 40,320) 38428, 24 25.336 27.120 29. Sorm= 6 BL. 1.860480 33, 970.200 35. 15504 37, 120 39. 11,880 41. 420.43, 2520 45. ABCD, ABDC, ACBD, ACDB, ADBC, ADCB, BACD, ADC. CABD, CADB, DABC, DACK, BCAD, BDAC, BAD, CDAB, DBAC, DCAB, BCDA, BDCA, CEDA, DBA, DBCA, DCBA 47. 1,816,214,400 49. 5,586,853,480, 51. AB, AC, AD, AE, AK, BC, BD, BE, BF, CD, CE, CF, DE, DE,EF 58. 324,632 58, (a) 35, 57. (a) 3744 (6) 24 61.5 63. 20 65. (a) 145,107,962 () If the jackpot is won, there is only one winning. number, (©) There are 28,989,675 possible winning oumbers in the state lottery, Which is considerably less than the possible number of winning Powerball numbers (67. False. ILis an example of a combination. 69. They are equal 1-13. Proot 17. No. For some calculators the number is too great TS WS © B 9.4) -4 (0 (0 © 6 59, 292,600 (© 203 BL 830, 83, 35Section 9.7. (page 709) Vocabulary Check (page 709) 1. experiment; outcomes 2, sample space 2 probability” 4. impossible; certain 5. mutually exclusive 6, independent &@) i Hi Ow . complement @ it (UH, 1), (H, 2) (H, 3), (H, 4), (H, 3), (, 6), (7,1), (7, 2),(7, 3), (7,4) (7.5), (7.9)) 3. (ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA) 5. {AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD, CE, DE} nia md ds. wi md 2.3 203 a} BLE Bw) 58% 956 | 04 . Os OF © a 39. P((Taylor wins P((Moore wins) (Jenkins Ox &@i OF OF 7.8 WE OF 4. 047K 31, (@) 09702 (b) 0.9998 (©) 0.0002 Bae OL OF SOx OF OF On as (© The probabilities are slightly better in Buropean roulete 57. True. Two events ae independent ifthe occurence of one has no effect on the occurrence ofthe other 59. a) As you consider successive people with distinct bin days, the probabilities mst decrease 10 take into account the bith dates lteady used. Because the bith dates of people ate sadependeot events, mutiply the respective probabilities of distinc bthdays ©) 38 38 (©) Answers will vary. (@) Os the probability that the birthdays are no distinct, whichis equivalent to atleast two people having the same birhday Tn fro [as [20 [23 [30 [#0 [50 P, [ass | 075 | 059 | 0.49 | 029[ 0.11 | 003 0, [012025] 041] os: | o71[ ose] 97 OB 61, Norealsoluion — 63, 0, 143 6.2 69. -10 65. 4 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A185 1. nm Review Exercises (page 715) LAS KLE 3.72.46108$ 8 0,200" ta-2 9.10 ht 130 a5, 2 6 oH noo wt ans m2 Pa 25, (a) A, = $10,067, A, = $10,134, A, = $10,201, ‘Ay = $10,269, A, = $10,338, A = $10,407, A, ~ $10,476, Ay = $10,546, A, = $10,616. 10.687 $22,196.40 21, Arithmetic sequence, d = —2 29, Arithmetic sequence, d = + 33. 25,2831, 8,37 35. a, BL. 4,7, 10,13, 16 2n — 5 30. ay 3ny = 2y 39, a, = ~Tn + 107 4180 43,88 45, 25.250 47. (@) $43,000 () $192,500 49, Geometric sequence. r = 2 51. Geomeizic sequence, 59, 0, = L00(L 05)"; = 252.695 6.127 63.8 655167. 2485 8. S48545 78 ESD 77. (@) 4, = 120000(07 $20,168.40 79-81. Answers will vary. 83. $,= n(Qn +7) 85.5, -51-Q))] 87.405 "89. 4648 91. 5,10, 15, 20,25 Fist dllerences: $,5,5,5 Second differences: 0, 0,0 Linear 93. 16, 15,14, 13,12 First differences: —1, — Second differences: 0, 0,0 Linear 95.15 97.56 99. 35 101. 28, 103, x4 + 16x! + 96x? + 256x + 256 105, 0° — 15a%b + 904°? — 27084 + 405ab* ~ 24365 107, 41+ 8407 109. 1111, 1000013, 720 MS. 56 117. $149. (a) 439% —) 82% 6 UALIVHD[Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests BeBe Tn ain = 2) 127, True by Properties of Sums 129, False. When equals 0 or 1, then the results ae the same. 131, Tn the sequence in part (a) the odd-numbered terms are negative, whereas in the sequence in part (b), the even numbered terms aze negative. 153, Each term ofthe sequence is defined in terms of preceding BEd 68 LIB 139, 240, 440, 810, 1490, 2740 Chapter Test (page 719) ti aad nan 1 3. 50,61, 725140 4. a, = 08" +14 5. 5,10,20, 40,80 6, $6,100 7, 189 8.4 "9, Answers will vay, 10, x4 + Bey + 2hr'y! + 323 + Gy LL, — 108.864 12.) 72 (by 32844018, @) 330.) 720,720 14, 2600018. 72016, 17. 3908 x 10- 18, 25% Cumulative Test for Chapters 7-9 (page 720) 1. (1,2),(-33) 2-1) 342-3) 4 (1-21) Maxinum at (4,4) 2 Minimum at (0.0): 2 = 0 8, $0.75 mixture: 120 pounds; $1.25 mixture: 80 pounds 12 9 wo.) 2-12 =9) an (-2,3,-) Bane GT ef fc) «(so ff 2] we nf eS Walking shoes: $167.17 mullion 19. (-5,4) 20.(=3,4,2) 24.9 Lut a ws i 24, 920 28. (a) 654 (h) a, = 320414 26, 3.6.12, 24,48 27.828, Answers will vary 29, 24 = 1s) + de? 108: + 8130. 21031, 600 32.70 38, 12034, 453,600 35, 151,200 36,720 37.4 Problem Solving (page 725) 1. 1,15, 1.418, 1414215686, 1414213562, 1414213562 s, approaches JZ 3.0) (©) Mm is od ay = 2, and iseven, dy = 4 © m [1 | 10 | 101] 1000 | 10,001 a [2 (@) Wis not possible to find the value of a, a8 n approaches indi (@) 3,5,7,9,11, 18,15, 1754, = 20 +1 (@) To obiain the arithmetic sequence, find the differences of consecutive terms of the sequence of perfect cubes ‘Then find the differences of consecutive terms of this sequence. (©) 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48; a, = 6n + 6 (@ To ob'ain the arithmetic sequence, find the third sequence obtained by taking differences of conseeutive term in consecutive sequences 108, 132, 156, 180; a, Dn + 36 9. Answers wil vary. 11. (a) Answers will vary. 13.4 1S, (@ -S07I ©) 17,70 () 2.53, 24 tumsChapter 10 Section 10.1 (page 732) Vocabulary Check (page 732) dune 1. inclination 7. 3.2236 8 z . 9. Fradans, 135° 1, Traian, 45 13. 016435 radian, 36.9° 18. 1.0517 radians, 60.3" 17. 2.1112 radians, 121.0° 19, 1.2490 radians, 71.6" 21, 2AL2 radians, 121.0° 23, 1.1071 radians, 63.4" 25. 0.1974 radian, 113° 27. 1.4280 radians, 819° 29, 0.9273 radian, 53.1" 31. 08187 radian, 46.9° 33. (2. )e>(4.4): slope = F (4,4}<9(6,2): slope (6, 2}9(2, 1): slope = 4 (2,1): 42.3% (4,4): 78.7% (6,2): 59.0" (-4, =1)908,2h: slope =F (3,290, 0): slope = 1 (1, 0)¢9(—4, =I): slope = $ ($4, = 1): 11.9"; (3,2): 21.8%; (1,0): 146.3" 2 sv ano Fay a3. SFA ais 45, ws 49. 2VE 51, 0.1003, 1054 feet 55. a ~ 33.69%; B= 56.31" 57. True. The inclination of a line is related o its slope by ‘m= tan 0, If the angle is greater than m/2 but less than 1, then the angle is in the second quadrant, where the tangent function is negative, mw OF 58 310° 59. (a) d Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A187 © 4 om (€) The graph has ahorizon- tal asymptote at d = 0, As the slope becomes larger, the distance between the origin and the line y = mx + 4, becomes smaller and approactes 0. 61, sitercept: (7,0) intercept: (0, 49) . Ta VB @-) y-4 4 63, intercepts: (5 intercept: (0,20) 49) 67. fla) = 3x 69. f00) Vertex: (~ sli + Section 10.2 (page 740) Vocabulary Check (page 740) 1. conic 4, axis 2. locus 5. vertex 3. parabola; directrix; focus 6. focal chord 7. tangent 1. A cite is formed when a plane intersects the top of bottom half of a dasble-napped cone and e perpendicular to the axis of the cane ‘A parabola is formed when a plane intersects the top ot ‘bottom half of a double-napped cone, is parallel othe side ‘ofthe cone, and does not atersect the vertex. Be 6&b 7d BL Ka We 11, Verex: (0,0) 13. Vertex: (0.0) Focus: (0 Focus: (+3, 0) Dizecsix: y= Dineotixs x = 3 01 WaLAVHOA188 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 15. Vertex: (0,0) Focus: (0, Direessix: y 19. Vertex: (=4,2) Direcitix: Focus: (=4, Directrix: x = 0 2, 35. at (= 38 = G1) 17. Vertex: (1, -2) Focus: (1-4) Directrix: y 21. Vertex: (1,1) Focus: (1,2) Diecttix: y ° 0) $1. ay-y+2 6. y + = 106 waits (a) y= gat) Beet (a) 17,500.V miles per how ~ 24,750 miles per howe ) x2 = ~16,400(y ~ 4100) 61. @) 2 = 64» — 75) (b) 693 feet 49, False I the graph crossed the direct, there would exist points closer to the directrix than the focus Th) po3_ op? a Ket AX wea . ‘As p increases, the graph becomes wider. ©) 1, (0.2), 3), 0.4) (©) 4,8, 12,161 4p] (@ Easy way (o determine two additional points on the graph 73. m= FL 75, 61,42, b4 2p 17, th 41, 22,44, 48,216 7. jo)-— 4-18 BLE 83. B= 2367, C= 121.3%,¢~ 1489 $5. C= 897,0= 193,623 87 A= 16398 = 2377, ~ 13984" $9. B= 2462", C= 9038',4 ~ 1088 Section 10.3 (page 750) Vocabulary Check (page 750) 1. ellipse: foci 3. minor axis, 2, major axis: center 4. eccentricity‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A189. Lb Re RG 4f Ba Ge 19. Elise 2. Circle 7. Blipse 9. Circe Center Center (1, ~ Center: (0, 0) Center: (0, 0) Vertices: (—2, Radius: 6 Verices: (45,0) Racine: 5 Foci: (~2.3 i Foti: (©3,0) : “ 3 Beceatticity Beceaticiy: 2 1, Blipse 13. Elipse Center: (— Center: (0, 0) Center: (—3, 5) Vertices: (—3, 7), (=3, Veriees: (0, +8) Verices Foci: (-3,1 26) (=3,10), (=3,0) & Foci: (0, £2) Foci: (—3, 8), (—3, 2) Becentricity Becentiiy: } Becentiiy: $ 25. tip , comer: (3 ' ~ rea (5 % Circle Eccentricity: Come (0.-1) cae ¢ 2. cwe 2. line Conse: (1.1) Cone: (1) Radius: $ ro Eccentricity: $ 12 pe Cone (2,4) eee 3-4). (-1, = Becenticty: 01 WaLAVHOA190 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests aL. ‘ 38. 2 Ceoter: (0.0) contr: ( Venices: (0, /3) Vewies Foci: (0,+V3) 57.) a. } % © Sie * Dom ~ aw “ Ie Jo.19 ~ 9) Apheion: 35,29 astronomical units Pesitetion 0159 astronomical ust 7 (©) The hottom half (67, False. The graph of x°/4 + y* degree of yis 4, not 2 1 is not an ellipse. The 0.0) mlt0= 9) et © he > > fT a [pore aino| naa [aro are [asso = 10,circle @ The shape of an ellipse with a maximum area is a circle, The maximum area is found when «= 10 (verified in part c) and therefore b = 10, go the equa- tion prodiaces a circle, 71. Geomewtic 78. Arithmetic 75, $47 77. 340.15 Section 10.4 (page 760) Vocabulary Check (page 760) 1. hyperbola: foi 2. ranches 3. teansverse axis; center 4. asymptotes 5. Av = G8 + Ds + By + F=0 Lb Re Ba 4d 5, Center: (0,0) 7. Cente: (0.0) Vertices: (1,0) Vertces: (0,5) Foci: (2 V2.0) Foci: (0,+ 106) Asympiotes: y = bx Asymptotes: y Veriees: (3 Foci: (1 V5. Asymrotes ye nt ie‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A191 11, Center: (2, 6) Vertices: b-Be ie ro (2-025) Asymptotes: SI. Parabola $3. Ellipse $5. Parabola 37. Ellipse $9. Circle 61, True. For abypetbola, c? = a! toa, the larger the eccenticity of the hyperbola, ¢ = e/a. 63. Answers wil vary 65. y=1-3 = 2 69, Drs — 6)? TL. 224 + 34x? — 6x + 9) yo -6 23-2) 13. Center: (2,-3) Vertices: (3, ~3) (1,3) Foci: (24 T0,—3) Asymplotes: y= 34 Mx- 2) 15, The graph ofthis 17, Center (0,0) Section 10.5 (page 769) equation is two lines Vestices: ( V3, 0} (V5) Vocabulary Check (page 769) 1. totaion of axes 2 Aw? + Cy + Di’ + By’ F’=0 5 iavasant unde rotation 4, discriminant Asymptotes: y 19, Center: (1, -3) Vertices: (1 Foci: (1, ~3 + 25) Asymptotes yesete-0) wT 41, (3300, -2750) 4s. 45. Cis 1) = 24083 feet 2{ V3 — 1), 0) = (1483, 0) Je 47. Hyperbola 49. Hyperbola 01 WaLAVHOA192 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests OF. OF 31. (2) Hyperbola a3, 2 Oe yy = ht IEE DOE ES H dys = 39. @) Sie = Wt oly’ + 18. ( 17. = 1p = oly © © 45. (2,2),(2,4) 47. (-8.12) 49, (0,8),( 31. 0.4) 838. (1, V3),(1L- V3) 55. No solation 37. (0.4)(-3.0) 459, ‘True. The graph of the equation can be classified by find- ing the discriminant. For a graph to be a hyperbola, the discriminant must be greater than zero. Mk} then the cliscriminant would be less than or equal to zero. = 3172 = 33,69" 61. Answers will vary. Me Wl Wb We Md Me 33. (a) Parabola (5) + VOSS Ao ( y= SED VE Moe = TH 2 © 35. (a) Ellipse t IRR (yy = eo I EB o ‘7. Area = 45.11 square units 7B. Area ~ 48.60 square unitsAnswers to Odd-Numbered Exercises andTests A193 Section 10.6 (page 776) 7.) 20) Vocabulary Check (page 776) 1. plane curve; parametsie; paramet 2. orientation 3. eliminating the parameter L@ ® : The graph of the rectangular equation shows the entire parabola rather than just the right halt The graph of the rectangular equation continues the raph into the second and third quadrants 3) (a) 01 WaLAVHOA194 [Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 28, Bach curve represents a portion ofthe line y = 2x + 1 @ » ‘Maximum height: 146.1 feet, Domain Orientation Range: 5445 fet @ (-20, 20) Leta sight ® [11] Depends on / \ (© 2) Right toler “ les @ G.) Leber 59.0) x= (4667 cos Boy—y=me—x) 27 SO y= 3+ (146.67 sin Oe — 1677 e ©» No 9.x= 61 BL x= 34 4c089 yo-u ya2tdsing 33. x= 4 c08 0 38 v= 45008 — y= JTsino y= Stan 0 , Sle 32.@) BA? xa-rt2y-ahd i B.@ rena O)xa—rt ayaa aed oe Yes MLW XS hyS PHL Oem mr Bys Baars s a 1 / \ BX By HF Ome By / \ 45. a8 Ps a 7 on @ 13" 1, Answers will vay. she a0 bsing ° * a beas 0 4. “ 5 65, True a ZN ae yoPelayaetel VV xaa { yaontloysest - 67. Paatetec equations ae useful when graphing (wo fo sab Sia tions simultaneously on the same coordinate system, Foe Domain: [2,2] Domain: (—c2, 0) cxample, they ate useful when tacking the path of an Range: [-1, 1] Range: (—20, <0) ‘object so tha the postion and the time associated with that 52.) Maximum height: 90.7 feet position ean be deteemined. = Range: 209.6 feet 69.5.2) Th (1,-2.1) . Made : . ome ‘Maxizaum height: 204.2 feat us =< Range: 471.6 feet g / \ : ; . Nowe 3 ‘Maximum height: 60.5 feet Range: 242.0 feet ©Section 10. 7 (page 783) Vocabula 1. pole 3. polar ry Check (page 783) 2. directed distance; directed angle Axes reosd tao yorsing (Vi.8.64), 9. (0,3) 18. (1.1340, a1. 6.22188) 28. (V*2) by u.( -22080) 1. (VEZ). 6.9) 4 2s. (3/73, 0.9828) a7. (Y73,5.6952) 29. (V7, 08571) x1, Z,04900) 33, 37. r= 10 see ALP = 1620 4B. Viv by yd (a8 + ya)? 4 — 552 3 Bra deseo oe ° °. 3cos 8 — sin 8 se Bese 0= 328020 Toot 47.7 =AacosB 49. 2+ y? = 4y=0 0 Sathya 16 So ty- 8h =0 6xty—3y? 61 Hay 40 367-360 ‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests A195 6. or. n. BB. 7. nm. 85, 91. ‘The graph ofthe polar > equation consists of all, ‘ points that are six units from the pole Phy 36 ‘The graph ofthe polar > equation consists of all, ‘ points on the line that make . ‘an angle of m/6 with the 2 positive polar axis : -Virt ayn 0 aS mt 3 ofthe polar , equation is not evident by 4 simple inspection, so convert to rectangular form r=3=0 ‘True, Because ris a directed distance, the point (r, #) can be represented as (r,s: 2am). WWF +O We=e Radius: JET Center: (8) (a) Answwers will vary, (8 (ry 0). Ar 0) and the poe ae cogs. @ = Viger n= I= Ths represents the tance Rete two pins on he tine @= 6, 2 a= VR This the el ofthe Pythagorean Theorem (@ Answers will ay For example Points: (3, 1/6), (4, 1/3) Distance: 2053 Points: (—3, 77/6), (—4, 47/3) Distance: 2053 2 loge + logs ¢~ eee 3~ loey Inxs 2Inie 4) SH. dog, 83. In VL a3) GED) 90-39) Netcolinear 93, Colinear Or UALAVHOA196 —_ Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Section 10.8 (page 791) Vocabulary Check (page 791) 1. 6=% 2 polaraxis 3, convex limagon 4. circle 5, lemniseate 6, candid A. Rose curve with 4 petals 3. Limagon with inner loop 5. Rose curve with 4 petals 7. Polar axis 90-5 A 6= F potar ais, pote 13, Maximum Zero: r when = Zeoir = Owten d= 2 48, Maximum; [| = 4 when = 0, Zero: r = Owhen 6= 2, 2 SF 4, osecm‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests A197 oe 1 57. True. For a graph to have polar axis symmetry, replace A by (7,8) or (=r. = 8 59.00) = © . : Section 10.9 (page 797) Vocabulary Check (page 797) z 1. conic 2 eccentricity; e 3, vertical; right 4@ ii Oi Oi Upperhalfof circle Lower half of ciecle oH Fe oO ¢ = Le Pll circle Left half of circle 61, Answers wil vay 6. @) r= 2-Fosin ocos@) (6) = 2 + c0s 8 (r=24sin@ @ r=2- 10" Rlometes 55 y= 1059 108 Mt = T= 00834 cos 6 * ° Peribelion: 1.2840 > 10 miles ype Aphelion: 1.5486 % 10° miles ses ! h 51.7 = RS = 0.588 ssonomis ui = 59. True, The graphs represent the same hyperbola, 28. Ellipse 2s 61. True. The conic i an ellipse because the exces is ess : . than 1 + 2 24,336 iD 68, Anew wily, 6 hy MSIE in a : : nA . rasyes ° 25 cos? — e 25 sin? @ = Parabola 71. @) Blipse (6) The given polar equation, hs a verical directrix to the left of the pole. The equation, has a vera we Eipse directrix to the right of the pole, and the equation, has a horizontal directrix below the poe ©‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 3 87. 0 (page 801) 3. 1.1071 radians, 63.43" nm 89, 22091, 720 Review Exercises radian, 45° 5, 0.4424 radian, 25.35" 7, 0.6588 radian, 37.75" 9. 2/7 11, Hypesbola 1S, (y — 2 = 12x 17. y= =2e ny @a2E 2.0.0) 1 28, 19. 86 meters (= 2? 7 3B HQy- wet si. 25, The foci occur 3 feet from th center ofthe arch ona ine connecting the tops ofthe pias 27, Center: (—2, 1) 29. Center: (1, -4) Venice Vewices: (1,0), (18) (-2.10),(2,-9) Foci (1, -44 V7) Foci: (-2,1 + V3) ecenrciy: vi Becenticiy Six= 4 a3 Bo Gy 49, Center: (3, -8) Vertices: (7, -3).(- Foci: (3 4 2V3,-8) Asymptotes: yonsed Vertces: (5, =), Foci: (6,1). (-4, 1) Asymptotes: yontade- ‘Tr miles 41. Hyperbola oF A199 48. a, {@) Parabota +404 wy © (@) Parabola ® (CERIO THE = 0) Ts 5 enn 2v8) 2 ae = 22P ale 2 JI) © Or UALAVHOA200 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests a 3 |-2]-1]o 1|2 3 [e[-u[-s[-s[-2[a [a [> 78. (2/3.09828) ste de dnd ds 81, P= 10 e820 $584 yas ; 89. Symmetry: @ = Z polar ais, pole Maximum value of rl: [P| = 4 forall values of @ No zeros of r 55.) 57. @) 91. Symmetry: 6 = 3, polar axis, pole Maximum value of [rl Zeros of r= O when @ 93. Symmetry: polar axis Maximum value of [yf] = 4 when @ Zeros of r: r Owhen @ (7.1.05), (-7, 1047)‘Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests A201 . 113, False, When classifying an equation of the form 98. Symmeny: 0 = Aut By + Cyt Dr = By P=, its graph can fe determined by its icriminan. Fora graph fo be 2 wl parable ts tseiminan B= 4AC, mast equal a, ‘Zeros of r: r = 0 when @ = 3.4814, 5.943: So. if B © 0. then A or C equals 0 ! 1s, Fase. Te followings two sts of parametic equations forthe ie rony-3-% adh yn3- 61 117, 5, The clipe comes more csr and approaches a tice of rads 5 119, (0) Te seed wuld dosble (8) The elliptical eit would be Mater the length ofthe nar acs would be grater . 121, (3) The grap ae he same. a7, Syreny: 0 = 2, pla ass, poe (b) The graphs are the same. bl Chapter Test (page 805) 1. 02783 radian, 159" 2, 08880 radian, 477° ‘Maximum value of | S when @ ls ‘Maximum value of | Zeres of rr = Owhen 8 = Wi aa 4, Parabola: y* = 4lx - 0) Veriex: (1,0) Focus: (2.0) 99, Limagon 101. Rose curve w=2F 5. Hyperbota: 2 + Center: (2,0) 103, Hyperbola 108. Blipse Vere (0,0) 40) : Foci: (2 + V3.0) Asymptotes: y 10. A 0 ai, 7 = TES 11,011.87 miles T= 0937 cos 6 Or UALAVHOA202 —_—_Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests +e n ‘ 6 Bipse: OS i Center: (3.1) Venices: (1,1) (-7, 0) For: (-3 + V7.1) . o Elise 1. : 7. Cirle: (x = 2 + (y= Center: (2.1) Limagon with inser loop Rose euve 20. nswes wi vay Fr eanple:r = & - 39-2642) 21, Slope: 0.1511; Change in elevation: 789 feet 2 22. No; Yes 10. @) 4° . o . Problem Solving (page 809) 1. (@) 1.2016 radians (6) 2420 feet, $971 feet 3.38 = dple + p 5. (a) Since d, + d, < 20, by definition, the outer bound that ‘he oat can travel isan ellipse. The islands are the foci, () Island I: (6,0) Island 2: (6,00) (©) 20:iles; Vertex: (10, 0) oe 4. (00 * 68 7. Answers will vay 9. Answers will vary. For example: 13. Circle15, orn > 1, a bell is produced. Form ¢ —1, aheart is produced, For n = 0, arose curve is produced Appendix A Appendix A.1 (page A8) Vocabulary Check (page A8) 1. rational 2, stratonal 3, absolute value 4. composite 5. prime 6. variables; constants 7. terms 8, coellicient 9, Zeto-Factor Propesty 1) 5.1.2 0) 0.5,1,2 (©) -9.5.0,1,-4,2,-I1 @ -24,-9,5,01,-4,.2,-11 © VE 3.@1 O11 | 131-6 (@ 201, =13,1, =6,0.666 (©) do1o110111 18-22 H15,-1.8.-22 (@ -[-3) 51. -5 = -|5] a=) 55.51 sd 58, [113,356 — $112,700] = s6s6 > $500 0.05($112.700) = $5635 Because the actual expenses differ from the budget by more than $500, there is failure to meet the “budget variance test? . [887.335 — $37,640] = $405 < $500 0.05($37,640) = si8s2 Because the difference between the atual expenses and the budget is exe than $500 and less than 5% of the budgeted amount, there i compliance with the “budget variance Year Expenditures | Surplus or deficit Gnbilions) | Gailions 1960 | $922 30319) wi | si9se 328 @) r9x0 | $5509 338 0 | saa | s2@ amo | sims | $2364) © gES8% -sls3 6. ples [326 ~ 381] = 25 miles Tan 4 ate the erm; Ti the coefficient. Ve, ~8x,and “11 are the terms; V3 and —8 are the coellicients. 4x3, /2, and ~5 ate the terms; 4 and} are the coeticients, O-6 SL @ i w2 wo Commtative Property of Addition Mulipliative Inverse Property ). Distributive Property Multiplicative identity Property V XIGNaddVA204 98, 95, on. 10s. 107. 108, a us. 4s. Appendix A.2 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests Associative Property of Addition Distuibutive Property 1 4 Se FoF ron as 103, Te [2] os] oot | ooo 0.000001, 5,000,000 sin | 5 | 10 | 500 | 50,000 (©) The value of 5/m approaches infinity as n approaches 0, Lod . False, Ila < b, then + > 2, where a # b # 0. (@) No. If one variable is negative and the other is postive, the expressions are unequal, () lu ol = bal + bo ‘The expressions are equal when w aad y have the same sign. If uw and v differ in sign, Ju + vis Tess than Mal + bh ‘The only even prime number is 2, because its only factors ae itself and 1 (@) Negative (b) Negative Yer. fal = ~aifa <0. (page 420) Vocabulary Check (page A20) exponent base sauare root 33 31. 39. aL 4. 45. a. 49, SL. 5s, 5. index; radicand . conjugates (a) = 1252" 2, scientific notation 4, principle mth root 6. simplest form 18 rationalizing power, index Bx BK EX EXE 49° $a) 27h) 8 @1 ®-9 2@# w-1 (a) # ) 4 1B. - 160018. 21125 -M 16 StL OS 2 yt) 3 7 od OF OFF Bal © 10 bs @-2 m2 3. @ a" 5.73 x 10” square miles 8.99 x 107° gram per cubic centimeter 4,568,000,000 ounces 10.0000000000000000001.6022 coislomb (a) $0,000 (b) 200,000 (a) 954.448 (b) 3.077 x 10!” (@) 67,082,039 (b) 39,791 @3 OF B@t wF @-4 2 51.@ 7580) -7225 59, 6. 1. 69, 2B. 45, ”. 85, 91 99, 101. 10s. 07. 108. au. Appendix A.3 (@ 0011 (b) 0.005 G1, (a) 4b) 233K, ONE HR WME wo Be (@) 2B @) MVE) VF TL @) IVE) AVS @ BYzTT &) 18V5r Vit Vi>V5tR 1S > VF Rey 7 ae Ws C267 9st 98,2 97. Exo a ow (9) 28) YR 103, F137 seconds 2 ee ec 7 fo | 203 | sas [7o7] 983 | 1108 | 1282 a 7 [1329 [ i400 [aso Piao [iss | 1as6 ) 1 > 8643 = 1496 ‘True, When dividing variables, you subtract exponents = 1a # 0, using the property = When any positive integer is squared, the units digit is 0 1,4,5,6, or 9. Therefore, 5255 is not an integer. (page A31) Vocabulary Check (page A31) 3. monomial; binomial rinomial 5, Fist terms; Outer terms: Innes terms; Last rms 2. descending 4, ike terms 6. factoring 7. completely factored Ld Re Rb 4a BE Be onde $4 e420 9-154 = UL. (@) ~he + 14r () Degree: 5; Leading coefficient —$ (©) BinomialAnswers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests. A205 13, (@) ~3x¢ 428-5 16 2-4) 16 1168, = 29) (b) Degree: 4; Leading coctficent: — 167. —2x(s + Ir 2) 169. (x + Le +1) (©) Tainomiat AML. Hie + 30-18) 17. Gx + DE? +8) 15. @) 8-1 115, lv — Alu +1) 177. He + ae + 12) () Degree: 5; Leading coefficient: 1 179. (F608) BL. (+ er O=2\e- 4) (© Binomial 183, S(x + 2)lx? — 2x +4) 185, (8 — 43)(23 ~ 603) 17. (@)3 187. 5(1 — 2)°Gx + 2dr +3) () Degree: 0; Leading coefficient: $ 189, (= 20° + De = 5) (© Mone 191. 568 + 1)'(x + 2)°G3x* + 2098 + 3) 19. (@) 4x8 64 +1 198. —14,14,-2.2 198. -11,11,-44,-1,1 (b) Degree: 5; Leading coetticint: —4 197. Two possible answers: 2, ~12 (©) Teiomial 199. Two possible answers: —2, —4 21.) 4x'y 201. (a) P= 22x ~ 25,000 () $85,000 (b) Degree: 3; Leading coflicient 203. (3) 500%? + 1000r + 500 (© Mononiial ®) : 23, Polynomial: —30° + 2s + 8 Orr we [Oe [Ae 25, Not a polynomial because it inchades a tom witha negae S000 +9 | $525.81 | ss30as | ssa080 27. Paynomal~y* 9, ~~ 10 7 ae [3a BL as? =e 2 34 29.78 +L = 3s nas Be 39. —ISet + Se soot + | ss4eor | sssi25 tar 43. 75x + 9x 45. pt 12 (6) The amount increases with increasing r e+ 12 49, 6x? Te 5 205. (@) Veda! 88x + 4680 Satins) S89 100 85. x8 — ay? ST dx 4 12k E959, dx? — 20ny + 25 xem [i [2 [3 GL PAS LSE L | 63, Bx — Dey + 6? 9) view) | sea} ce | 720 65. 16x — 2+ 967. mn? 6m +9 69.8 + Dry by?— 6x +9 TL Ar — 25 207. 44x + 308 209. (a) Ba? + 8x (6) 30K Biv +9 bed ms Th iad + 72x49 79, 2251-16 BLIP 4dr BRIG Hany S7P—2J5x45 9. Me +2) DL = 3) 93. (= Dx 8) 9.4 N= 97 He 8) 99, ix(e + 4x— 10) 101, Her) — 3) 103. (6+ 9)Ge— 9) 108, 2(4y — 3) +3) ibid 407. (4x + $){4x - 4) 109. AIL, Gu + 2)Gu— 29) 113. (2° 7S MS.Q64 17 17 GYD? M9. Get 4) LH aan (v4) 123. = 2968 = 24 8) so 125, (y + —4y + 16) poagaa w27. (21 = Ge + r+ 1) WA > 129. (v= 30) = uv +94) AL (e+ Doe Pe 138. — 3-2) 138. = + 5) - Lo 137. (x= 20)'x= 10) 139, Gx = 2) = 1) oo ML Gr Dix +5) 143, =Ge—2)G2 +1) 2S. 4m(r 1 1) 247. 466-916} 2) M5. (G2 +2) 147, @x= 1x 3) 5 Rr) ¥9.G-90—¥) 151 Ge Dex 1 219.) aR = A1R+ 9) V= 29] (RZ) - 9 153. (+ 2)Gr-+ 4) 155, Gx G+ 2) 21, False, (x! + 1) + 1) = Ide! + ae 3K + 157. Gx 1Se— 2) 159. of + N=) V XIGNaddVA206 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 223, Trea? =P = (a+ Bla 2) 25. mtn 1”. hee et REAP HEAT 9. GE yOM— y9) cere) * a 251, a — y*is completely factored. 18 heo 233, Answers wil vary. Sample answer: x? — 3 Vit Appendix A.4 (page A42) Tay * FO 1 x 6 15 79. @ mine ¢) Amine) ©) 2 =" minutes Vocabulary Check (page 442) > iene) OIG 1. dma 2 ratnepesico 4 comple BMPs 4, smaller 5 equivalent 6, uliference quotient nw ; 2 “OT To [2 [4 [«|[s |» 1. Allreal numbers 3. All nonnegative real numbers tlataolaslalaslas 5. All zeal numbers» suc that x # 2 7. Alleal numbers xsuch thal x 2-19, 3x, x #0 Tie | si7| ais [ 411 | 409 | 407] 406 (b) The model is approaching a T-value of 40. 85. False, In order for the simplified expression to be equivalent to the original expression, the domain of the simplified expression needs to be restricted. If mis even, xP 1 LT mis odd, x 4 1 £87. Completely factor each polynomial in the numerator and in the denominator. Then conclude thal there are no common factors, 12] | ver] 5] 8] 7) Appendix as (page 56) ‘fafa 4 [sfe[z Vocabulary Check (page A56) ‘The expressions are equivalent except atx — 3 431. The copresion cannot be simplified A. equation 2, solve 3. identities; conditional Aoax tb 0 5, extraneous 6. quadratic equation 7. factoring; extracting square roots; completing the square; Quadratic Formula Tentty 8. Conditional equation, Temtty Kéentiy 9 Conitional equation UL 4 1-9 15.5 17.9 19, Nosoluion a4 $35.9 27. No solution, The vtems samo zero. 29. 10 ae 333 380 437, No slution, The varie ied ox. 59, The cror was incomect subtraction inthe numerator. 55 x42 Sales t, eA -10 438. No solution, The solution is extanenss. 3 41. 243, No olution, The solution is extancous 45.0 47, Allseal oumbersx 28s ge -300 Sat 53. 3° 90r—10=0 85.0, -$ BS GLA} 62-6 65. -¥— 67. -a 69. £7 nm.tJT 73, 43V3 =a8 aL 7. 9. 136. 143, 149. 151. 165. 173, 179, 18s, 187. 139. 191, 193, gi maze Lee 2 4-8 88 VT-5.-ViT-6 ra grant oo Saye he 1a 7S 2 be = 07. - ws. 2 un. 2 ot vl us. 1.355, - 14071 0.290, -2.200 bavi as. (2 ot : -3416y2 1672/14 169.1171. 117. 0976, 0.643, 21. 1.689, -0.488 BS14 V2 1916-12 1 2/77 -}om3e4 137.43 189, -6 aL. =3,0 M7. £3.41 va 3-2 WL V3.3 1883, (@) 612 inches () Yes. The estimated height of a male with a 19-inch femur is 69.4 inches. o vu emu length Height, | Female x femur length oo | 158 1478 70 | 19.80 19.28 so | 22 23.77 90 | 28.48 28.26 100 | 32.76 32.75 no | 3708 100 inches (@) x= 100.59; There would not be a problem because it is not likely for either a male or a female to be 100 inches tall (whichis 8 feet inches tall y= 0.251 | 8: after about 28 hours finches x 6 inches x 2 inches 20/3 37.24 = 1155 inches (@ 1998) During 2007 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests. A207 195, 500 unite 197, False. x(3 — 2) = 10 ar—e = 10 ‘The equation cannot be writien in the form ax + b = 0, 199, False, See Example 14 on page ASS, 201, Equivalent equations have the same solution set, and one is derived from the other by steps for generating equiva Jent equations. 2=5,+3=8 Yes, The student should have subsracted 15x from both sides fo make the right side ofthe equation equal to zer0. Factoring out an x shows that there are two solutions x= Oand x= 6. br 18-0 2e-1=0 203. 208, 208. 218. 207. 8 22x + 112-0 ML a=9,b=9 o£ (b) x=0,1 Appendix A.6 (page A66) Vocabulary Check (page A66) 4, solution set 2. graph 3, negative 4, solution set 5. double 6. union A -1Sx<5.Bounded 3, x > LL, Unbounded 5, x < —2, Unhounded Tb &f 9d Wo Me Ibe 13. @ Yes (No (©) Yes @ No 18. (a) Yes (6) No (@) No (@) Yes 17. (a) Yes. (0) Yes. (©) Yes. (@) No wed axed V XIGNaddVA208 —_Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 4005 ses 135 Mo xc n2x>2 65. 67. s 6. . 1. ‘ @ x2 Ors 1 @lsxss @xs-1r27 15.(S,00) 77, 31. All eal number a8 x <3 85. e723 =3.00) 19, (26, Within eight units of 10 #7. y= 1] < 10 Bt ife4 Mxes 93. r> 3.125% 95. x 2 36 97. IMs xs 234 99.) + (oy x2 129 IL @) 1s 110) F>16 103. 105.864 square inclaes = area < 109.464 square inches 105. Might be undercharged or avercharged by $0.19. 107, 137 <1 < 175 109, 20 sh < 80 IIL. False. c has to be greater than zero, 1B. b Appendix A.7 (page A75) Vocabulary Check (page 475) 4. numerator 2, reciprocal 1. Change al signs when distributing the minus sign. 2x Gy +4) = 2x- By 4 '3. Change all signs wen distributing the minus sign 4 st Ie— Gr Te =1 S. zoccurs twice as a factor 7. The fraction as a whole is multiplied by a, not the ‘numerator and denominator separately 9. Je F cannot be simplified AL, Divide out common facters, not common te 22+ cannot be simplified 13, To get rid of negative exponents: ab ab ab bea 415, Factor within grouping symbols before applying exponest to cach factor (2 + 50)! = [ale + S)P = ate + 918Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Tests 17. To add lractions, frst find a common denominater. 34 _ ay tay x yy I gr42 Mawsebis ab 25.2 1 nt M2 ISK B51 Te Se 38 a= advan 8 Basny 45, 440 — 705 + twat 49, Sa eyes -1 5. aye + ay Gx = 2705 ~ 4x + 45) aa Ie + 41.0) x]os [10 [is ]20 + [17 [a | ats a8 x]25 [30 [3s Jao + | 202 | 218 | 236 | 237 () x= 05 mile yVF= I + ae (o BEEBE +O ETE x-16 (67. Add exponents when multiplying powers with like bases. (69, When a binomials square, there is also a mide erm, Gre gy eae Daye gin pane yin 71. The two answers are equivalent and can be oblaned by factoring Box + Hox — SOx — WP*fol2x — 1) +10 = Bax — rar + 4) (2x — 1)*7(3x + 1) Her - 7G. +1) (9 Gx 39% 11) ‘A209 V XIGNaddV