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Regulating Structures For Canal Flows

This document discusses various structures used to regulate water flow in canals. It describes canal head regulators which control the amount of water passing into a canal from a barrage. It also discusses different types of canal drops and falls like ogee falls, rapid falls, and notch falls which lower the water level and dissipate energy. Cross regulators and distributary head regulators are also covered, which control flow through a parent canal and its distributaries. Silt vanes, groyne walls, and skimming platforms help with sediment distribution at off-take points. Canal escapes allow excess water to be released from a canal in situations where accumulation may occur.

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Renz Ryan Dolor
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90 views13 pages

Regulating Structures For Canal Flows

This document discusses various structures used to regulate water flow in canals. It describes canal head regulators which control the amount of water passing into a canal from a barrage. It also discusses different types of canal drops and falls like ogee falls, rapid falls, and notch falls which lower the water level and dissipate energy. Cross regulators and distributary head regulators are also covered, which control flow through a parent canal and its distributaries. Silt vanes, groyne walls, and skimming platforms help with sediment distribution at off-take points. Canal escapes allow excess water to be released from a canal in situations where accumulation may occur.

Uploaded by

Renz Ryan Dolor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REGULATING STRUCTURES FOR CANAL FLOWS

 A canal obtains its share of water from the pool behind a barrage through a structure
called the canal head regulator.

 This is also a regulation structure for controlling the amount of water passing into the
canal (with the help of adjustable gates).

CLASSIFICATION OF REGULATION WORKS

• Canal Drop and Falls


• Cross Regulators
• Distributary Head Regulator
• Canal escapes

Canal Falls
 is an irrigation structure constructed across a canal to lower down its water
level and destroy the surplus energy liberated from the falling water which my
otherwise scour the bed and banks of canal.
Necessity of Canal Falls

 The canal falls are required when the natural slope of the ground along the
canal alignment is steeper than bed slope of the canal.

Types of Falls
1. OGEE FALLS

 The ogee falls was first constructed by Sir Proby Cantley on the Gang canal. This
type of fall has a gradual convex and concave curves with an aim to provide a
smooth transition and to reduce disturbance and impact and reduce dissipation
of energy.

2. RAPID FALLS

 The rapid falls was first evolved by R.F. Croften and first constructed on the
Western Yamuna Canals. Such falls consists of glacis sloping at 1 vertical to 10
to 20 horizontal. The long glacis assured the formation of hydraulic jump for the
dissipation of energy. However, due to high construction cost, this falls are not
more popular.
3. NOTCH FALL
 A trapezoidal notch fall consist of number of trapezoidal notches in high breast
wall called Notch Pier, constructed across the channel. There is a smooth
entrance to the notches. A flat, circular lip projecting down stream from each
notch disperse the water.

 The notches of fall were designed to maintain the normal depth of flow in the
channel upstream of the flow at any two discharge values.

4. VERTICAL DROP FALL

 A crest wall is constructed to create a vertical drop. It is provided to dissipate the surplus energy
of water leaving crest. In cistern a grid of banks of timber placed a few cm to apart to intercept
the falling nappe. This fall is not become popular due to getting clogged with floating debris.
 The Sharda type fall developed on the sharda canal project in U.P is a vertical fall.
5. GLACIS FALL
 The glacis fall utilizes hydraulic jump for dissipation of energy.
STRAIGHT GLACIS: The Flumed fall with straight flacis was developed. There was some problem
with some of this falls. Like one cause of trouble was that even after the formation of hydraulic
jump, there was considerable amount of surplus in water.

CANAL REGULATORS

 These include the cross regulator and the distributary head regulator structures for controlling
the flow through a parent canal and its off-taking distributary.

 They also help to maintain the water level in the canal on the upstream of the regulator.
A typical view of a distributary head regulator and a cross regulator.
CROSS REGULATORS

 It is a structure constructed across a canal to regulate the water level in the canal upstream
itself and the discharge passing downstream of it for one or more following.

 Generally provided downstream of an off taking channel so that the water level upstream of the
regulator can be raised.

 The criteria for the Hydraulic Design of cross regulators for canals as per I.S. code:7114-1973
(reprint December, 1979).

DISTRIBUTARY HEAD REGULATOR

 It is provided at the end of the off-taking canal to control the supplies entering the off-taking
canal.

 The Distributary Head regulator serves to:


1. Divert and regulate the supply into the distributary from the parent channel.
2. Control the silt entering the distributary from the parent channel.
3. Measure the discharge entering the distributary.
4. It helps in shutting off the supplies when not needed in the off taking channel or when off-
taking channel is required to closed for repairing works.

SILT VANES

Silt vanes, or King’s vanes, are thin, vertical, curved parallel walled structures constructed of plain or
reinforced concrete on the floor of the parent canal, just upstream of the off-taking canal.
 refer to IS: 6522-1972 “Criteria for design of silt vanes for sediment control in off-taking canals”

GROYNE WALLS OR CURVED WINGS

• These are curved vertical walls, also called Gibb’s groyne walls, which project out in to the parent
canal from the downstream abutment of the off-taking canal.

• The groyne wall is provided in such a way that it divides the discharge of the parent canal in
proportion of the discharge requirement of the off-taking canal with respect to the flow in the
downstream parent canal.
refer to IS: 7871-1975 “Criteria for hydraulic design of groyne wall (curved wing) for sediment
distribution at off-take points in a canal”

SKIMMING PLATFORMS

 A skimming platform is an RCC slab resting on low height piers on the bed of the parent
canal, and in front of the off-taking canal, and in front of the off-taking canal.
CANAL ESCAPES

These are structures meant to release excess water from a canal, which could be main canal, branch
canal, distributary, minors etc. Though usually an irrigation system suffers from deficit supply in later
years of its life, situations that might suddenly lead to accumulation of excess water in a certain reach of
a canal network may occur due to the following:

 Wrong operation of head works in trying to regulate flow in a long channel resulting in
release of excess water than the total demand in the canal system downstream.

 Excessive rainfall in the command area leading to reduced demand and consequent closure
of downstream gates.

 Sudden closure of control gates due to a canal bank breach.


Weir or Surface escapes

These are constructed in the form of weirs, without any gate or shutter and spills over when
the water level of the canal goes above its crest level.

Sluice or surplus escapes

• These are gated escapes with a very low crest height. Hence, these sluices can empty the
canal much below its full supply level and at a very fast rate.
• In some cases, these escapes act as scouring sluices to facilitate removal of sediment.

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