Discrete random variables MS

4  2
1. (a) P(X = 2)    A1 N1 1
14  7 

1
(b) P(X = 1) = (A1)
14
2
k
P(X = k) = (A1)
14

setting the sum of probabilities = 1 M1

2
1 4 k
e.g.   = 1, 5 + k2 = 14
14 14 14

 k
2
9 
k2 = 9  accept   A1
 14 14 

k=3 AG N0 4

(c) correct substitution into EX   x P( X  x ) A1

 1   4   9 
e.g. 1    2   3 
 14   14   14 

36  18 
EX    A1 N1 2
14  7 
[7]

7
2. (a) (i) A1 N1
24

(ii) evidence of multiplying along the branches (M1)

2 5 1 7
e.g.  , 
3 8 3 8

adding probabilities of two mutually exclusive paths (M1)

1 7   2 3 1 1  2 5
e.g.       ,       
3 8   3 8 3 8  3 8
13
P(F) = A1 N2
24

IB Questionbank Maths SL 1
 1 1
(b) (i)  (A1)
3 8
1
A1
24

(ii) recognizing this is P(E│F) (M1)

7 13
e.g. 
24 24
168  7 
  A2 N3
312  13 

(c)
X (cost in euros) 0 3 6
1 4 4
P (X)
9 9 9

A2A1 N3

(d) correct substitution into E(X) formula (M1)

1 4 4 12 24
e.g. 0 ×  3  6 , 
9 9 9 9 9
E(X) = 4 (euros) A1 N2
[14]

3. (a)
3, 9 4, 9 5, 9
3, 10 4, 10 5, 10
3, 10 4, 10 5, 10
A2 N2

(b) 12, 13, 14, 15 (accept 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15) A2 N2

1 3 3 2
(c) P(12) = , P(13) = , P(14) = , P(15) = A2 N2
9 9 9 9

IB Questionbank Maths SL 2
 (d) correct substitution into formula for E(X) A1
1 3 3 2
e.g. E(S) = 12 ×  13   14   15 
9 9 9 9
123
E(S) = A2 N2
9

(e) METHOD 1
correct expression for expected gain E(A) for 1 game (A1)
4 5
e.g.  50   30
9 9
50
E(A) =
9

amount at end = expected gain for 1 game × 36 (M1)

= 200 (dollars) A1 N2

METHOD 2
attempt to find expected number of wins and losses (M1)
4 5
e.g.  36 ,  36
5 9

attempt to find expected gain E(G) (M1)

e.g. 16 × 50 – 30 × 20
E(G) = 200 (dollars) A1 N2
[12]

3
4. (a) (i) P(B) = A1 N1
4

1
(ii) P(R) = A1 N1
4

3
(b) p A1 N1
4

1 3
s , t A1 N1
4 4

IB Questionbank Maths SL 3
 (c) (i) P(X = 3)
1 3
= P (getting 1 and 2) =  A1
4 4

3
= AG N0
16

1 1 3  3 
(ii) P(X = 2) =  +  or 1   (A1)
4 4 4  16 

13
= A1 N2
16

(d) (i)

X 2 3
P(X = x) 13 3
16 16

A2 N2

(ii) evidence of using E(X) = ∑xP(X = x) (M1)

 13   3 
E(X) = 2   3  (A1)
 16   16 

35  3 
=  2  A1 N2
16  16 

(e) win $10  scores 3 one time, 2 other time (M1)

13 3
P(3)  P(2) =  (seen anywhere) A1
16 16

evidence of recognizing there are different ways of winning $10 (M1)

 13 3 
e.g. P(3)  P(2) + P(2)  P(3), 2  ,
 16 16 
36 3 36 3
  
256 256 256 256

78  39 
P(win $10) =   A1 N3
256  128 
[16]

IB Questionbank Maths SL 4
5. (a) For summing to 1 (M1)
1 2 1
e.g.    x 1
5 5 10
3
x= A1 N2
10

(b) For evidence of using E(X) = ∑x f (x) (M1)

Correct calculation A1
1 2 1 3
e.g. 1 2   3  4
5 5 10 10
25
E(X) = (  2 .5 ) A1 N2
10

1 1
(c)  (M1)
10 10
1
A1 N2
100
[7]

6. (a) For summing to 1 (M1)

eg 0.1 + a + 0.3 + b = 1
a + b = 0.6 A1 N2

(b) evidence of correctly using E( X )   x f (x) (M1)

eg 0  0.1 + 1  a + 2  0.3 + 3  b, 0.1 + a + 0.6 + 3b = 1.5

Correct equation 0 + a + 0.6 + 3b = 1.5 (a + 3b = 0.9) (A1)
Solving simultaneously gives
a = 0.45 b = 0.15 A1A1 N3
[6]

IB Questionbank Maths SL 5
7. (a) For using  p 1 (0.4 + p + 0.2 + 0.07 + 0.02 = 1) (M1)

p = 0.31 A1 N2
(b) For using E(X) =  xP  X  x  (M1)

E(X) = 1(0.4) + 2(0.31) + 3(0.2) + 4(0.07) + 5(0.02) A1

=2 A2 N2
[6]

8. (a) three correct pairs A1A1A1 N3 3

e.g. (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), R2G4, R3G3, R4G2

1 2 2
(b) p= ,q= ,r= A1A1A1 N3 3
16 16 16

(c) let X be the number of times the sum of the dice is 5

evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g. X ~ B(n, p), tree diagram, 5 sets of outcomes produce a win
one correct parameter (A1)
e.g. n = 4, p = 0.25, q = 0.75
Fred wins prize is P(X ≥ 3) (A1)
appropriate approach to find probability M1
e.g. complement, summing probabilities, using a CDF function
correct substitution (A1)
243 12 1
e.g. 1– 0.949…, 1 , 0 . 046875  0 . 00390625 , 
256 256 256

 13 
probability of winning = 0.0508   A1 N3 6
 256 
[12]

9. (a) evidence of using ∑pi = 1 (M1)

correct substitution A1
e.g. 10k2 + 3k + 0.6 = 1, 10k2 + 3k  0.4 = 0
k = 0.1 A2 N2

IB Questionbank Maths SL 6
 (b) evidence of using E(X) = ∑pixi (M1)
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.  1  0.2 + 2  0.4 + 3  0.3
E(X) = 1.5 A1 N2
[7]

10. (a) Using E(X) =  x P(X = x) (M1)

0

3 6 1
Substituting correctly E(X) = 0 ×  1  2 A1
10 10 10
= 0.8 A1 N2

(b) (i)

A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for each complementary pair of
probabilities,
4 2 3 2 4 1
i.e. and , and , and .
6 6 5 5 5 5

IB Questionbank Maths SL 7
 2 1 2
(ii) P(Y = 0) =   A1
5 5 30
 4 2 2 4
P(Y = 1) = P(RG) + P(GR)       M1
 6 5 6 5
16
= A1
30
4 3 12
P(Y = 2) =   (A1)
6 5 30
For forming a distribution M1

y 0 1 2
2 16 12
P(Y = y)
30 30 30

N4

2  1
(c) P(Bag A) =   (A1)
6  3
4  2
P(Bag B) =   (A1)
6  3
For summing P(A ∩ RR) and P(B ∩ RR) (M1)
1 1 2 12
Substituting correctly P(RR) =    A1
3 10 3 30
= 0.3 A1 N3

P ( A  RR )
(d) For recognising that P(1 or 6 │ RR) = P(A│RR) = (M1)
P ( RR )

1 27
=  A1
30 90
= 0.111 A1 N2
[19]

IB Questionbank Maths SL 8