William Words Worth

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William Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth was born on April


7, 1770, in Cockermouth, Cumbria,
England. Wordsworth's mother died
when he was eight--this experience
shapes much of his later work.
Wordsworth attended Hawkshead
Grammar School, where his love of poetry was
firmly established and, it is believed, he made his
first attempts at verse. While he was at
Hawkshead, Wordsworth's father died leaving
him and his four siblings orphans.

After Hawkshead, Wordsworth studied at St.


John's College in Cambridge and before his final
semester, he set out on a walking tour of Europe,
an experience that influenced both his poetry and
his political sensibilities. While touring Europe,
Wordsworth came into contact with the French
Revolution.

This experience as well as a subsequent period


living in France brought about Wordsworth's
interest and sympathy for the life, troubles and
speech of the "common man". These issues
proved to be of the utmost importance to
Wordsworth's work. Wordsworth's earliest poetry
was published in 1793 in the collections An
Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches.

While living in France, Wordsworth conceived a


daughter, Caroline, out of wedlock; he left France,
however, before she was born. In 1802, he
returned to France with his sister on a four-week
visit to meet Caroline. Later that year, he married
Mary Hutchinson, a childhood friend, and they
had five children together. In 1812, while living in
Grasmere, they grieved the loss of two of their
children, Catherine and John, who both died that
year.

Equally important in the poetic life of Wordsworth


was his 1795 meeting with the poet, Samuel
Taylor Coleridge. It was with Coleridge that
Wordsworth published the famous Lyrical Ballads
in 1798.

While the poems themselves are some of the


most influential in Western literature, it is the
preface to the second edition that remains one of
the most important testaments to a poet's views
on both his craft and his place in the world. In the
preface Wordsworth writes on the need for
"common speech" within poems and argues
against the hierarchy of the period which valued
epic poetry above the lyric.

Wordsworth's most famous work, The Prelude


(1850), is considered by many to be the crowning
achievement of English romanticism. The poem,
revised numerous times, chronicles the spiritual
life of the poet and marks the birth of a new
genre of poetry.

Although Wordsworth worked on The Prelude


throughout his life, the poem was published
posthumously. Wordsworth spent his final years
settled at Rydal Mount in England, travelling and
continuing his outdoor excursions.
Devastated by the death of his daughter Dora in
1847, Wordsworth seemingly lost his will to
compose poems. William Wordsworth died at
Rydal Mount on April 23, 1850, leaving his wife
Mary to publish The Prelude three months later.

A Selected Bibliography

Poetry

An Evening Walk (1793)


Borders (1795)
Complete Poetical Works (1971)
Descriptive Sketches (1793)
Ecclesiastical Sketches (1822)
Intimations of Immortality (1806)
Lines Written Above Tintern Abbey (1798)
Lyrical Ballads (1798)
Memorials of a Tour of the Continent (1822)
Miscellaneous Sonnets (1807)
Peter Bell (1819)
Poems (1977)
Poems I-II (1807)
Selected Poems (1959)
The Excursion (1814)
The Poetical Works (1949)
The Prelude Or Growth of a Poet's Mind (1850)
The Recluse (1888)
The River Duddon (1820)
The Waggoner (1819)
The White Doe of Rylstone (1815)
Upon Westminster Bridge (1801)
Yarrow Revisited (1835)

Prose

Letters of Dorothy and William Wordsworth


(1967)
Letters of the Wordsworth Family (1969)
Literary Criticism (1966)
Prose Works (1896)
Prose Works (1974)
The Love Letters of William and Mary Wordsworth
(1981)

Essays

Essay Upon Epitaphs (1810)

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