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Che 122 - 1 Long Exam Reviewer: University of The Philippines Chemical Engineering Society, Inc. (Up Kem)

This document is a reviewer for a chemical engineering exam that covers topics like: 1) Energy balances for closed and open systems, including work, kinetic energy, and heat transfer 2) Mass balances for open systems 3) Evaluating state functions and properties of pure fluids and ideal gases 4) Calculating different types of processes like isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic, and polytropic processes.

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Errol Saluta
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110 views2 pages

Che 122 - 1 Long Exam Reviewer: University of The Philippines Chemical Engineering Society, Inc. (Up Kem)

This document is a reviewer for a chemical engineering exam that covers topics like: 1) Energy balances for closed and open systems, including work, kinetic energy, and heat transfer 2) Mass balances for open systems 3) Evaluating state functions and properties of pure fluids and ideal gases 4) Calculating different types of processes like isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic, and polytropic processes.

Uploaded by

Errol Saluta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of the Philippines Chemical Engineering Society, Inc.

(UP KEM)
ChE 122 – 1st Long Exam Reviewer

ENERGY BALANCE FOR A CLOSED SYSTEM: Non-ideality causes work to be irreversible. When work
is done on the system (+W), irreversibility increases the
magnitude of this work. When work is done by the
system (-W), irreversibility decreases the magnitude of
The left side of the equation contains properties of the this work. The signs of work are retained for both cases:
system: kinetic energy, potential energy, and internal
energy. The right side of the equation contains external
forces that bring about a change in energy. Joule’s
experiments verify that energy can also be transferred in
the form of work and not just heat.
ENERGY BALANCE ON OPEN SYSTEM
STATIONARY CLOSED SYSTEM

where: n is in [mass/time] and ∆U (from steam tables) is MASS BALANCE ON OPEN SYSTEM
in [energy/mass].

WORK
1. Shaft Work, value given directly in [energy/time]
2. Expansion or Contraction Work or PV-Work:
EVALUATING STATE FUNCTIONS

Constant-Pressure

PV-Work for a process is therefore the area under the Constant-Volume


curve when that process is plotted in a PV-diagram. To
calculate PV-Work for steam as working fluid, a
numerical integration using values from the steam table PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS
is a possible solution.

Using the ideal gas assumption (invalid for steam):

SPECIAL CASE: IDEAL GAS

Ideal gas assumption: no molecular interaction (Z=1)


such that the Virial Equation of state reduces to:
This integral can be easily evaluated at constant
temperature. The above equations are used to calculate
for the reversible work.
The consequence of which is the functionality of both U
and H in temperature ONLY such that the following
equations hold even if the process is non-constant in
pressure or volume:

However, ∆U and ∆H cannot be readily equated to


heat in these cases.
University of the Philippines Chemical Engineering Society, Inc. (UP KEM)
ChE 122 – 1st Long Exam Reviewer

The heat capacities are easily calculated:


Monoatomic
Diatomic

PROCESS CALCULATIONS FOR IDEAL GASES


(4) Polytropic Process
(1) Isothermal Process

(2) Isobaric Process

Polytropic processes can model all preceeding


processes for the following equivalent values of γ:

(3) Isochoric Process

(4) Adiabatic Process

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