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Migraine: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta Jurusan Keperawatan Prodi Profesi Ners

Thank you for the information doctor and nurse. I hope the patient can recover soon. Doctor: You're welcome. I hope so too. Let's support his treatment and lifestyle changes. Nurse: Yes, education and compliance are important for managing migraines. Wishing the patient all the best. Patient: Thank you all for your help and care. I appreciate the advice and will do my best to follow the treatment plan.

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Tasya Syafhira
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36 views8 pages

Migraine: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta Jurusan Keperawatan Prodi Profesi Ners

Thank you for the information doctor and nurse. I hope the patient can recover soon. Doctor: You're welcome. I hope so too. Let's support his treatment and lifestyle changes. Nurse: Yes, education and compliance are important for managing migraines. Wishing the patient all the best. Patient: Thank you all for your help and care. I appreciate the advice and will do my best to follow the treatment plan.

Uploaded by

Tasya Syafhira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MIGRAINE

OLEH

KELOMPOK 3 :

1. ELIS TRI WULANDARI P27220019265


2. HADEZ MAHENDRA P27220019272
3. HENDRI KRISTIYAWAN P27220019273
4. RENI SETIOWATI P27220019298
5. RINI NUR PALITA P27220019301
6. TASYA SYAFHIRA APRILIA P27220019309
7. TRIAN FAJAR JULIANDA P27220019310

KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA


POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN SURAKARTA
JURUSAN KEPERAWATAN
PRODI PROFESI NERS
2019
MIGRAINE

A. DEFINITION
A migraine is a throbbing painful headache, usually on one side of the
head, that is often initiated or "triggered" by specific compounds or
situations (environment, stress, hormones, and many others). They occur
more often in women (75%, approximately) and may affect a person’s
ability to do common tasks.

B. MIGRAINE SYMPTOMS
Migraine symptoms, throbbing pain, usually on one side of a person's
head, can be intense enough to cause a person to be unable to do simple
tasks or to work. The headache pain may radiate toward the eyes,
forehead, or temple and make a person develop nausea, vomiting, vision
problems, and sensitivity to normal light or mild exertion.

C. TYPES OF MIGRAINES INCLUDE


1) Migraine with aura
For many people with migraine, the auras act as a warning, telling them
that a headache is soon to come. The effects of an aura can include:
 confusing thoughts or experiences
 the perception of strange, sparkling or flashing lights
 zig-zagging lines in the visual field
 blind spots or blank patches in the vision
 pins and needles in an arm or leg
 difficulty speaking
 stiffness in the shoulders, neck, or limbs
 unpleasant smells
 visual disturbance
 loss of sensation
 difficulties with speech
When migraines with aura affect vision, the patient may see
things that are not there, such as transparent strings of objects.
They may also not see parts of the object in front of them or even
feel as if part of their field of vision appears, disappears, and then
comes back again. People experiencing an aura may describe the
visual disturbance as similar to the sensation that follows being
exposed to a very bright camera flash.

2) Migraine without aura


More commonly, a person will experience a migraine without any
sensory disturbance leading up to the attack. Between 70 and 90 percent
of migraines occur without an aura.
Other types
There are other types of migraine related to specific syndromes or
triggers, including:
a) Chronic migraine: This refers to any migraine that triggers
attacks on over 15 days of the month.
b) Menstrual migraine: This is when the attacks occur in a
pattern connected to the menstrual cycle.
c) Hemiplegic migraine: This causes weakness on one side of
the body for a temporary period.
d) Abdominal migraine: This is a syndrome that connects
migraine attacks to irregular function in the gut and abdomen.
It mainly occurs in children under 14 years of age.
e) Migraine with brainstem aura: This is a rare type of
migraine that can trigger severe neurological symptoms, such
as affected speech.

D. TRIGGERS

The cause of migraines is not yet known. It is suspected that they result
from abnormal activity in the brain. This can affect the way nerves
communicate as well as the chemicals and blood vessels in the brain.
Genetics may make someone more sensitive to the triggers that can cause
migraines. However, the following triggers are likely to set off
migraines:

 Hormonal changes: Women may experience migraine symptoms


during menstruation, due to changing hormone levels.
 Emotional triggers: Stress, depression, anxiety, excitement, and
shock can trigger a migraine.
 Physical causes: Tiredness and insufficient sleep, shoulder or neck
tension, poor posture, and physical overexertion have all been
linked to migraines. Low blood sugar and jet lag can also act as
triggers.
 Triggers in the diet: Alcohol and caffeine can contribute to
triggering migraines. Some specific foods can also have this effect,
including chocolate, cheese, citrus fruits, and foods containing the
additive tyramine. Irregular mealtimes and dehydration have also
been named as potential triggers.
 Medications: Some sleeping pills, hormone replacement therapy
(HRT) medications, and the combined contraceptive pill have all
been named as possible triggers.
 Triggers in the environment: Flickering screens, strong smells,
second-hand smoke, and loud noises can set off a migraine. Stuffy
rooms, temperature changes, and bright lights are also possible
triggers.

E. TREATMENT

There is currently no single cure for migraines. Treatment is aimed at


preventing a full-blown attack, and alleviating the symptoms that occur.
Lifestyle alterations that might help reduce the frequency of migraines
include:
 getting enough sleep
 reducing stress
 drinking plenty of water
 avoiding certain foods
 regular physical exercise
Some people also find that special diets can help, such as gluten-free.
Consider seeking further treatment if the above changes do not relieve
the symptoms or frequency of migraines. The treatment of migraine
symptoms focuses on avoiding triggers, controlling symptoms, and
taking medicine.

F. MEDICATIONS

Migraines are often managed through a course of medication. There are


many different types of migraine medication, including painkillers.
Painkillers should be taken early in the progress of a migraine rather
than allowing the headache to develop. Over-the-counter (OTC)
medications effective for treating migraines include:
 Naproxen
 Ibuprofen
 acetaminophen
Other painkillers, such as aspirin with caffeine and acetaminophen, can
often stop the headache or reduce pain.
Many painkillers are available to buy online, including naproxen,
acetaminophen, and aspirin with caffeine. Always speak to a doctor
before taking new medication.
Conversation

One day, Mr / Ms. X came to the hospital to check him. It was the first
time he felt that something was not well with his body. He often felt recurrent
headache, head was spinning, nausea, vomiting. so she came to the hospital
near his home.

Nurse and Patient Conversations

Nurse: Good morning Mr/Mrs may I help you?

Patient: Good morning nurse, I feel good, my head was spinning.

Nurse: What did you last meal?

Patient: I last ate rendang and pickles

Nurse: Okay, I'll check your blood pressure

Patient: Yes please, thank you

Nurse: Mr / Mrs result your blood pressure 150/100 mmHg, and I will take you to
the doctor's office for further examination

Doctor, Nurse and Patient Conversations

Nurse : Excuse me, doctor

Doctor : Yes, please have a seat

Patient : Thank you

Doctor : Is there anything I can help ?

Nurse : Doctor, This is a paper on results of the patient’s blood pressure.

Doctor: Wow, blood pressure is above normal and what do you feel now?

Patient : I feel headache recurrent, head was spinning, nausea, vomiting.

Doctor: I'll do X-rays on the part of your head.

Patient : All right doctor

A few hours later

Doctor : From the results of X-rays and other tests you have migrai.
Patient : Is it true doctor.

Doctor : First I will give you medicine ibuprofen 3x1/day (pain reliever) and I
would advise you to adjust your lifestyle such as:

1. Consuming foods such as bananas, avocados, vegetables - leafy greens


2. Exercise routine
3. Drink warm ginger
Patient : Well doctor, I will do it

Doctor : Please you come again next week if you feel there is no change.

Patient : Well the doctor thank you very much

Doctor : You are welcome

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