Liquid Desiccant

Engineering Reference Guide

Reliable, high efficiency desiccant dehumidification systems

1
2
 Table of Contents
General Description .......................................................................................................2

Operating Principle………….......................................................................................... 3

Performance Estimating -- Sample Problem ................................................................. 4

Performance Curves .......................................................................................... 7

Engineering Data Tables ...................................................................................10

Equipment Drawings

Small Packaged Unit ........................................................................................ 12

Conditioners ......................................................................................................14

Regenerators .................................................................................................... 22

Heat Exchanger Schematics ........................................................................................25

Control and Piping Schematics ................................................................................... 27

Installation Notes ....................................................................................................... 29

Sample Specifications ................................................................................................. 32

1
 Kathabar Dehumidification Systems
Kathabar Dehumidification Systems, Over the last 75 years, the design of
Inc., the world leader in industrial Kathabar equipment has been
humidity control, has manufactured continually evolving. Advances in heat
dehumidification equipment for more and mass transfer technology and
than 75 years. The name "Kathabar," advances in construction materials have
which is derived from Greek words been incorporated. New product lines
meaning clean or pure air, describes have been developed to serve the
what Kathabar equipment does best. changing needs of industrial,
The primary use of Kathabar is to institutional, and commercial users as
provide precise and energy efficient air well as to reflect changes in the cost and
temperature and humidity control. availability of energy.
Kathabar maintains the process or Energy cost and availability issues have
space at the required condition resulted in the development of the Twin-
regardless of weather or process Cel air-to-air enthalpy recovery system.
variations. The "bacteria-free" benefit of Today, KDS offers you the unbiased
Kathabar is an added feature to choice between liquid and dry desiccant
temperature and humidity control. systems to best meet your needs.

Kathapac FRP Series

The latest product of this design evolution, the Kathapac FRP Series, is designed to
provide additional values for all dehumidification applications. This completely
corrosion-resistant line of dehumidification equipment utilizes an external heat
exchanger with extremely efficient packing for greater longevity and performance
than previous designs. Its values and benefits include the following:
 Simple, accurate control of performance
 Large airflow capacity
 Simple integration
 Low utility consumption
 Low maintenance cost
 Improved air quality
 Insensitivity to airborne contamination
 Long equipment and desiccant life

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 FIGURE 1
Kathapac System Schematic

Operating Principle
 Kathapac systems operate on the principle of chemical absorption of water vapor
from air. The absorbent or desiccant solution used, Kathene®, is a water solution of
lithium chloride salt. Kathene solution is non-toxic, will not vaporize, and is not
degraded by common airborne contaminants.
 The ability of Kathene to remove or add water vapor from the air is determined by
the temperature and concentration of the solution. The concentration of Kathene
can be adjusted so the conditioner delivers air at any desired relative humidity
between about 18% and 90%. For a given Kathene concentration, lower solution
temperatures enable the conditioner to deliver cooler, dryer air.
 The diagram above shows the basic elements of a Kathabar system. In operation,
air to be conditioned is cooled and dehumidified by contacting Kathene in the
conditioner. By continuously circulating the desiccant through a heat exchanger,
energy is extracted from the air and transferred to a coolant. The amount of heat
extracted by the Kathabar dehumidifier is modulated by controlling coolant flow
through the heat exchanger.

3
 Kathapac Performance Estimating
Sample Problem Design Data
Outside air requirements 1,000 SCFM
Outside air summer design 95°F DB, 78°F WB
Space maintained conditions 75°F, 30% R.H. 39 Gr/Lb
Internal sensible load (including fan heat) 450,000 BTU/Hr
Internal latent load 325,000 BTU/Hr
Maximum diffusion temperature difference 20°F
Available coolant 45°F chilled water
Available heat source 200°F hot water

A. Determine conditioner leaving air temperature and airflow

Leaving temperature = 75°F maintained - 20°F diffusion = 55°F
Airflow = 450,000 BTU/Hr ISL = 20,833 SCFM
20°F diffusion x 1.08

B. Select conditioner size from Engineering Data Table, page 10

Unit size 2000 will accommodate 20,833 SCFM

C. Determine maximum diffusion humidity difference

Difference = 325,000 BTU/Hr ILL = 22.9 Gr/Lb
20,833 SCFM x .68

D. Determine conditioner leaving air humidity

Leaving air humidity =
39 Gr/Lb space maintained - 22.9 Gr/Lb diffusion difference = 16.1 Gr/Lb

E. Check conditioner leaving air temperature and humidity to be sure that the desired
performance falls within the conditioner performance envelope

Desired performance is 55°F, 16.1 Gr/Lb per Psychometric Chart, page 16, at a
leaving air temperature of 55°F the conditioner can deliver air as dry as 11 Gr/Lb
Therefore, conditioner can meet desired performance

F. Determine air temperature and humidity entering conditioner

1,000 SCFM outside air @ 95°F DB, 78°F WB, 118 Gr/Lb
20,833 SCFM - 1,000 SCFM = 19,833 SCFM return air @ 75°F, 39 Gr/Lb
Mix air temperature = 75°F + 1,000 SCFM (95°F - 75°F) = 76°F
20,833 SCFM
Mix air humidity = 39 Gr/Lb + 1,000 SCFM (118 Gr/Lb - 39 Gr/Lb) = 42.8 Gr/Lb
20,833 SCFM
Therefore, air enters at 76°F, 42.8 Gr/Lb

4
G. Determine maximum coolant supply temperature that will achieve the desired
conditioner performance
Air enters conditioner at 76°F 42.9 Gr/Lb
Air leaves conditioner at 55°F, 16.1 Gr/°Lb
Air temperature depression = 76°F - 55°F = 21°F
Air humidity depression = 42.8 Gr/Lb - 16.1 Gr/Lb = 26.7 Gr/Lb
See Air to Coolant Approach Curves (see Figures 3 and 4, page 7)
With Kathapac FV, approach = 7.8°F
Maximum coolant supply temp. = 55°F - 7.8°F = 47.2°F
With Kathapac FH, approach = 10.4°F
Maximum coolant supply temp. = 55°F - 10.4°F = 44.6°F
Therefore, Kathapac FV Conditioner can provide desired performance with 45°F
chilled water

H. Determine the design moisture removal (MR) load on the conditioner

Air humidity depression = 26.7 Gr/Lb
Airflow = 20,833 SCFM
20,833 SCFM x .643 x 26.7 Gr/Lb = 358 Lbs/Hr (MR)
1,000 SCFM

I. Determine regenerator capacity

Lbs/Hr/Ft²
Air leaves conditioner @ 55°F, 16.1 Gr/Lb (25% R.H.)
Kathapac Regenerator Capacity Curve (see Figure 6, page 8)
Therefore, with 200°F hot water and 25% R.H. air, regenerator capacity = 40 Lbs/Hr/
Ft²

J. Calculate minimum regenerator face area required to handle design moisture

removal load
358 Lbs/Hr - 9.0 Ft² min. face area
40 Lbs/Hr/Ft²

K. Select regenerator having sufficient face area using Kathapac Regenerator

Engineering Data Table, page 10
Per table, select a 10 FP Regenerator with 10 Ft² face area

L. Determine regenerator load using design moisture removal and face area of
selected regenerator
358 Lbs/Hr = 35.8 Lbs/Hr/Ft²
10 Ft² Face

M. Determine regenerator heat requirements at design load, using Kathapac

Regenerator Heat Requirements (see Figure 8, page 9)
Regenerator load = 35.8 Lbs/Hr/Ft²
Conditioner leaving humidity = 25% R.H.
Conditioner leaving temperature = 55°F
Therefore, 2,075 BTU/Lb x 358 Lbs/Hr MR = 743,000 BTU/Hr regenerator heat input

5
N. Determine conditioner cooling load at design conditions as follows:
Calculate sensible cooling loads
20,833 SCFM x 1.08 x (76°F - 55°F) = 472,500 BTU/Hr sensible load
Calculate latent cooling load using design moisture removal and Kathapac Conditioner
“L” Factor (see Figure 5, page 8)
Regenerator load = 35.8 Lbs/Hr/Ft²
Conditioner leaving humidity = 25% R.H.
Conditioner leaving temperature = 55°F
Therefore, “L" Factor = 1,320 BTU/Lb
358 Lbs/Hr x 1,320 BTU/Lb = 472,600 BTU/Hr latent load
Total cooling load = 472,500 BTU/Hr + 472,600 BTU/Hr = 945,100 BTU/Hr (78.8 tons)

FIGURE 2
System Flow Diagram

6
 Kathapac Performance Curves
FIGURE 3
Kathapac FV Air to Coolant Approach

FIGURE 4
Kathapac FH Air to Coolant Approach

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 Kathapac Performance Curves
FIGURE 5
Kathapac Conditioner “L” Factor

FIGURE 6
Kathapac Regenerator Capacity

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 FIGURE 7
Pressure Drop through Kathapac Conditioners

FIGURE 8
Kathapac Regenerator Heat Requirements

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 Kathapac Small Packaged Unit
Conditioner and Regenerator Engineering Data
Kathapac Small Packaged Units (SP Series)
Conditioner Regenerator
Unit Weight, Lbs
Airflow Airflow E.S.P.
Unit
Air Nom. Air Nom. Nom.
Size Avail.
Min. Max. Face Pump Inlet Outlet Face Fan Pump Operating
in. Shipping
CFM CFM Sq. Ft. HP SCFM ACFM Sq. Ft. HP HP
W.C. Normal Max.

240SP 1,500 3,000 6 1.5 630 830 2.0 1 1.9 1.5 2,400 3,300 4,400
400SP 2,500 5,000 10 1.5 950 1,260 3.2 1.5 2.0 1.5 3,300 4,400 5,900
600SP 3,750 7,500 15 2 1,480 2,000 4.7 3 2.0 1.5 4,400 5,800 8,000

Conditioner Units
Airflow Kathapac FV (Vertical) Kathapac FH (Horizontal)

Air Unit Weight, Lbs Unit Weight, Lbs

Unit Nom. Nom.
Min. Max. Face Operating Operating
Size Pump Pump
CFM CFM Sq. Ft.
HP Shipping HP Shipping
Normal Max. Normal Max.

240 1,500 3,000 6 2 1,300 1,950 2,600 - - - -

400 2,500 5,000 10 2 1,600 2,200 3,000 - - - -
600 3,750 7,500 15 3 3,100 4,300 4,300 - - - -

800 5,000 10,000 20 5 2,000 3,900 7,000 5 2,500 4,400 7,600

1200 7,500 15,000 30 5 2,500 4,800 9,200 5 3,000 5,400 9,800
1600 10,000 20,000 40 7.5 3,000 5,700 11,400 7.5 3,500 6,400 12,000

2000 12,000 24,000 48 10 4,800 8,500 13,000 7.5 5,600 10,000 14,000
2500 15,000 30,000 60 10 5,600 10,500 15,500 10 6,600 11,700 16,500
3000 18,000 36,000 72 15 6,400 12,000 18,000 10 7,600 13,700 19,500
4000 24,000 48,000 96 15 7,900 15,000 22,500 15 9,400 17,200 24,500
5000 30,000 60,000 120 20 9,400 18,000 27,500 15 11,500 19,800 29,000
6000 36,000 72,000 144 20 10,800 21,000 32,500 20 13,100 23,300 34,000
7000 42,000 84,000 168 25 12,400 24,000 37,000 20 15,000 27,300 40,000

Regenerator Units
Airflow Unit Weight, Lbs
Air Nom. E.S.P. Nom.
Unit
Inlet Outlet Face Fan Avail. in. Pump Operating
Size Shipping
SCFM ACFM Sq. Ft. HP W.C. HP
Normal Max.
1.5FP 475 630 1.5 1.5 2.4 1.5 650 800 1,100
3FP 950 1,200 3 1.5 2.0 1.5 900 1,100 1,600
6FP 1,900 2,500 6 3 1.6 2 1,200 1,650 2,300
10FP 3,160 4,200 10 5 2 5 2,100 3,300 5,000
15FP 4,700 6,300 15 7.5 2 5 2,700 4,000 6,200
20FP 6,300 8,400 20 10 2 7.5 3,400 4,800 8,000
30FP 9,500 12,600 30 15 2 10 4,600 6,400 11,000
40FP 12,600 16,800 40 20 2 15 5,800 8,500 14,500

ENGINEERING DATA NOTES

1. Nominal horsepowers listed are for typical installations. Actual horsepowers may be higher or lower
depending on performance requirements.
2. Normal operating weight should be used for sizing vibration isolators, if required.
3. Maximum operating weight should be used for structural calculations.
4. All weights are approximate.
5. All regenerators are furnished with FRP exhaust plenums.

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 Kathapac Equipment Pictures

Kathapac Conditioners

3000 FV 4000 FH

Kathapac Regenerator Kathapac Small Packaged (SP) Unit

6 FP 240 SP

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 Kathapac Small Packaged Unit
FIGURE 9
240 SP Kathapac Unit
INLET PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK ENTERING THE INLET
PLENUMS MUST BE DESIGNED FOR A
MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 15 FT/MIN.
2. INLET PLENUMS MUST EXTEND A MINIMUM
OF 36 INCHES FROM THE UNIT TO PROVIDE
ADEQUATE ROOM FOR MAINTENANCE.

UNIT COND. NOMINAL E.S.P.

SIZE FAN FAN AVAIL. @
HP CFM NOM.CFM
240SP 5 2,400 3.4” WC

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.

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 Kathapac Small Packaged Unit
FIGURE 10
400 & 600 SP Kathapac Units
INLET PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK ENTERING THE INLET
PLENUMS MUST BE DESIGNED FOR A
MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 15 FT/MIN.
2. INLET PLENUMS MUST EXTEND A MINIMUM
OF 36 INCHES FROM THE UNIT TO PROVIDE
ADEQUATE ROOM FOR MAINTENANCE.

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) COND. NOMINAL E.S.P.

SIZE FAN FAN AVAIL. @
A B C D E F HP CFM NOM.CFM

400SP 119 125 48 30 12 1 7 1/2 4,000 2.0”WC

600SP 163 132 72 45 14 1 1/4 10 6,000 2.0”WC

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.

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 Vertical Kathapac Conditioner
FIGURE 11
240 FV Kathapac Conditioner
INLET AND DISCHARGE PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK LEAVING THE DISCHARGE
PLENUM MUST BE DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM
VELOCITY OF 1000 FT/MIN.
2. DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE ONE-HALF
INCH LARGER THAN THE OUTLET OPENING.
DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST EXTEND A
MINIMUM OF 36 INCHES FROM THE UNIT TO
PROVIDE ADEQUATE ROOM FOR
MAINTENANCE. LARGER PLENUMS MAY BE
REQUIRED TO MEET THE DUCT VELOCITY
CRITERIA IN NOTE NUMBER ONE ABOVE.

UNIT NOMINAL NOMINAL NOMINAL E.S.P.

SIZE PUMP FAN FAN AVAIL. @
HP HP CFM NOM.CFM

240FV 2 5 2400 2.0” WC

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

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 Vertical Kathapac Conditioner
FIGURE 12
400 & 600 FV Kathapac Conditioners

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL NOMINAL NOMINAL E.S.P.

SIZE PUMP FAN FAN AVAIL. @
A B C HP HP CFM NOM.CFM
400FV 74 14 1/2 48 2 5 4,000 2.0”WC
600FV 98 16 1/2 72 3 7 1/2 6,000 2.0”WC

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING. DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. FAN AND FAN DRIVE SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

15
 Vertical Kathapac Conditioner
FIGURE 13
800 through 1600 FV Kathapac Conditioners
INLET AND DISCHARGE PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK ENTERING THE INLET PLENUM MUST BE
DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 1500 FT/MIN.
DUCTWORK LEAVING THE DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE
DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 1000 FT/MIN.
2. DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE ONE-HALF INCH LARGER
THAN THE OUTLET OPENING. INLET AND DISCHARGE
PLENUMS MUST EXTEND A MINIMUM OF 36 INCHES FROM
THE UNIT TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE ROOM FOR
MAINTENANCE. LARGER PLENUMS MAY BE REQUIRED
TO MEET THE DUCT VELOCITY CRITERIA IN NOTE
NUMBER ONE ABOVE.

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP FAN
A B C D E F HP HP
800FV 55-1/2 88 60 3 18-5/8 20-5/8 5 15
1200FV 85-1/2 118 90 3 24-5/8 24-3/4 5 15
1600FV 115-1/2 148 120 3 28-3/4 28-7/8 7-1/2 25
2000FV 147-1/2 180 150 4 28-3/4 28-7/8 10 25

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. HOUSING AND PUMP TANK SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. OPTIONAL FANS WITH ADAPTERS FOR MOUNTING ON UNIT DISCHARGE.
5. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

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 Vertical Kathapac Conditioner
FIGURE 14
2000 through 7000 FV Kathapac Conditioners
INLET AND DISCHARGE PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK ENTERING THE INLET PLENUM MUST
BE DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 1500
FT/MIN. DUCTWORK LEAVING THE DISCHARGE
PLENUM MUST BE DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM
VELOCITY OF 1000 FT/MIN.
2. DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE ONE-HALF INCH
LARGER THAN THE OUTLET OPENING. INLET AND
DISCHARGE PLENUMS MUST EXTEND A MINIMUM
OF 36 INCHES FROM THE UNIT TO PROVIDE
ADEQUATE ROOM FOR MAINTENANCE. LARGER
PLENUMS MAY BE REQUIRED TO MEET THE DUCT
VELOCITY CRITERIA IN NOTE NUMBER ONE ABOVE.

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP
A B C D E F HP
2000FV 89 3/4 132 1/4 32 1/2 4 96 46 1/2 10
2500FV 113 3/4 156 1/4 32 1/2 4 120 46 1/2 10
3000FV 137 3/4 180 1/4 32 1/2 4 144 46 1/2 15
4000FV 185 3/4 232 1/4 36 1/2 4 192 52 1/2 15
5000FV 233 3/4 280 1/4 36 1/2 6 240 56 1/2 20
6000FV 281 3/4 328 1/4 36 1/2 6 288 56 1/2 20
7000FV 329 3/4 376 1/4 36 1/2 6 336 56 1/2 25
NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. HOUSING AND PUMP TANK SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.
5. FAN ADAPTERS AND FANS ARE AVAILABLE FOR 2000 THROUGH 3000FV UNITS.

17
 Notes

18
 FIGURE 15
Kathabar Psychrometric Chart

19
 Horizontal Kathapac Conditioner
FIGURE 16
800 through 1600 FH Kathapac Conditioners
INLET AND DISCHARGE PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK ENTERING THE INLET PLENUM MUST BE DESIGNED
FOR A MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 1500 FT/MIN. DUCTWORK LEAVING
THE DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM
VELOCITY OF 1000 FT/MIN.
2. INLET AND DISCHARGE PLENUMS MUST EXTEND A MINIMUM OF
36 INCHES FROM THE UNIT TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE ROOM FOR
MAINTENANCE. LARGER PLENUMS MAY BE REQUIRED TO MEET
THE DUCT VELOCITY CRITERIA IN NOTE NUMBER ONE ABOVE.

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP
A B C HP
800FH 60 3/4 93 1/4 60 5
1200FH 90 3/4 123 1/4 90 5
1600FH 120 3/4 153 1/4 120 7 1/2

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. HOUSING AND PUMP TANK SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

20
 Horizontal Kathapac Conditioner
FIGURE 17
2000 through 7000 FH Kathapac Conditioners
INLET AND DISCHARGE PLENUM NOTES
1. DUCTWORK ENTERING THE INLET PLENUM MUST
BE DESIGNED FOR A MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF
1500 FT/MIN. DUCTWORK LEAVING THE
DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE DESIGNED FOR A
MAXIMUM VELOCITY OF 1000 FT/MIN.
2. DISCHARGE PLENUM MUST BE ONE-HALF
LARGER THAN THE OUTLET OPENING. INLET AND
DISCHARGE PLENUMS MUST EXTEND A
MINIMUM OF 36 INCHES FROM THE UNIT TO
PROVIDE ADEQUATE ROOM FOR MAINTENANCE.
LARGER PLENUMS MAY BE REQUIRED TO MEET
THE DUCT VELOCITY CRITERIA IN NOTE NUMBER
ONE ABOVE.

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP
A B C D E F HP
2000FH 96 3/4 139 1/4 221/2 96 4 38 1/2 7-1/2
2500FH 120 3/4 163 1/4 22 1/2 120 4 38 1/2 10
3000FH 144 3/4 187 1/4 32 1/2 144 4 46 1/2 10
4000FH 192 3/4 235 1/4 32 1/2 192 4 46 1/2 15
5000FH 240 3/4 287 1/4 36 1/2 240 4 52 1/2 15
6000FH 288 3/4 335 1/4 36 1/2 288 6 56 1/2 20
7000FH 336 3/4 383 1/4 36 1/2 336 6 56 1/2 25
NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. HOUSING AND PUMP TANK SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

21
 Kathapac Regenerator
FIGURE 18
1.5 through 6 FP Kathapac Regenerators
NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS
REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT
TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY
BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP FAN
A B C D E F G HP HP
1.5FP 41 37 10 15 12 9 3/4 9 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2
3FP 56 37 12 30 12 17 1/4 9 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2
6FP 62 50 16 36 16 20 1/4 14 2 3

22
 Kathapac Regenerator
FIGURE 19
10 & 15 FP Kathapac Regenerators

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP FAN
A B C D E HP HP
10FP 46 3/4 79 1/4 42 22 26 5 5
15FP 70 3/4 103 1/4 49 26 38 5 7 1/2
NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. HOUSING AND PUMP TANK SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

23
 Kathapac Regenerator
FIGURE 20
20 through 40 FP Kathapac Regenerators

UNIT DIMENSIONS (INCHES) NOMINAL NOMINAL

SIZE PUMP FAN
A B C D E F G H J K HP HP

20FP 57 1/2 90 22 1/2 51 21 48 30 3 38 1/2 32 1/2 7 1/2 10

30FP 87 1/2 120 22 1/2 51 32 60 36 4 38 1/2 47 1/2 10 15

40FP 117 1/2 160 32 1/2 57 32 60 42 4 46 1/2 62 1/2 15 20

NOTES
1. A CLEARANCE OF TWO FEET MINIMUM IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE ACCESS.
2. ALL PIPING, DUCTWORK, AND CONDUIT TO RUN CLEAR OF ALL ACCESS DOORS.
3. HOUSING AND PUMP TANK SHIP SEPARATELY.
4. TOWER AND SUMP ARE PERMANENTLY BONDED AND SHIPPED AS ONE PIECE.

24
 Kathene Solution Cooler Piping Schematic

NOTES
1. HEAT EXCHANGER VENT TO BE LOCATED AT HIGH POINT OF KATHENE SUPPLY LINE.
2. USE THREE-BOND SEALANT ON THREADS IN KATHENE PIPING.
3. KATHENE PIPING AND FITTINGS ARE CPVC OR FRP.
4. ALLOW AT LEAST THREE FEET OF CLEARANCE ALONG ONE SIDE OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOR MAINTENANCE
ACCESS.

25
 Kathene Solution Heater Piping Schematic

NOTES
1. USE DRIP LEG FROM STEAM MAIN WHEN:
A . STEAM SUPPLY TO CONTROL VALVE EXCEEDS 50 FEET.
B. STEAM SUPPLY IS BRANCHED FROM SIDE OR BOTTOM OF MAIN.
C. STEAM SUPPLY IS LOWERED AND THEN LIFTED BETWEEN STEAM MAIN AND CONTROL VALVE OR
LOWERED AND STOPPED BY CONTROL VALVE.
2. USE PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE WHEN STEAM SUPPLY PRESSURE EXCEEDS 30 PSIG.
3. WHEN CONDENSATE RETURN LINE IS OVERHEAD, A CONDENSATE RECEIVER AND PUMP MUST BE USED.
4. USE DRIP LEG AHEAD OF HEATER WHEN PIPE RUN FROM CONTROL VALVE EXCEEDS 50 FEET OR WHEN STEAM
SUPPLY IS LOWERED AND THEN LIFTED BETWEEN CONTROL VALVE AND HEATER.
5. SERVICE HAND VALVES ARE REQUIRED IN KATHENE SUPPLY AND DISCHARGE LINES IF HEATER IS INSTALLED
AT AN ELEVATION LOWER THAN THE REGENERATOR PUMP TANK.
6. SEE COOLER PIPING SCHEMATIC FOR INSTALLATION DETAILS OF PRESSURE GAUGE AND THERMOMETER.
7. ELEVATE HEATER TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT HEIGHT FOR 12 INCHES VERTICAL CONDENSATE DROP AND PITCH
OF GRAVITY RETURN LINE TO CONDENSATE PUMP OR RETURN MAIN.
8. VENT VALVE TO BE LOCATED AT HIGH POINT OF KATHENE SUPPLY LINE.
9. HEATER KATHENE PIPING AND FITTINGS ARE FRP.
10. USE THREE-BOND SEALANT ON THREADS IN KATHENE PIPING.
11. ALLOW AT LEAST THREE FEET OF CLEARANCE ALONG ONE SIDE OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOR MAINTENANCE
ACCESS.

26
 Kathene Control and Piping Schematic
Gravity Equalized System

LEGEND
BT Bubbler Tube - Used in TT3 Conditioner Leaving Air
conjunction with LCP to pneumatically Temperature Transmitter - Senses air
sense solution level in the pump tank. temperature leaving the conditioner and
FM Flow Meter - Measures and sends a proportional signal to TC3.
controls the transfer of concentrated V3 Conditioner Solution Cooler
solution from the regenerator to the Valve - Receives a modulating signal
conditioner. from TC3 and controls the coolant flow
LCP Level Control Panel - Senses entering the solution cooler.
solution level and provides on/off V4 Regenerator Solution Heater
functions such as high level, low level Valve - Receives a modulating signal
and water makeup. Also provides from LCP and controls the heating
modulating control to maintain a media flow entering the solution heater.
constant solution level in the pump tank. V5 Water Makeup Valve - Receives
TC3 Condi ti one r Le avi ng Ai r an on/off signal from LCP and allows
Temperature Controller - Receives a makeup water to enter the conditioner
proportional signal from TT3 and sends pump tank.
a modulating signal to operate coolant
valve V3.

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 Kathene Control and Piping Schematic
Pump In/Pump Out System

LEGEND
BT Bubbler Tube - Used in TT3 Conditioner Leaving Air
conjunction with LCP to pneumatically Temperature Transmitter - Senses air
sense solution level in the pump tank. temperature leaving the conditioner and
FM Flow Meter - Measures and sends a proportional signal to TC3.
controls the transfer of concentrated V3 Conditioner Solution Cooler
solution from the regenerator to the Valve - Receives a modulating signal
conditioner. from TC3 and controls the coolant flow
KV7 Conditioner Pump Out Valve - entering the solution cooler.
Receives a modulating air signal from V4 Regenerator Solution Heater
the LCP-1 and controls the solution flow Valve - Receives a modulating signal
to the regenerator pump tank. from LCP-2 and controls the heating
LCP Level Control Panel - Senses media flow entering the solution heater.
solution level and provides on/off V5 Water Makeup Valve - Receives
functions such as high level, low level an on/off signal from LCP-1 and allows
and water makeup. Also provides makeup water to enter the conditioner
modulating control to maintain a pump tank.
constant solution level in the pump tank.
TC3 Condi ti one r Le avi ng Ai r
Temperature Controller - Receives a
proportional signal from TT3 and sends
a modulating signal to operate coolant
valve V3.
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 Kathapac Installation Notes
The following equipment is normally  Post-conditioning module, which
supplied by Kathabar: may contain afterheat coil, aftercool
 Kathapac conditioner coil, final filters and controls,
 Conditioner fan (3000 and smaller complete with appropriate access
units) doors and access plenums
 Kathene solution cooler  Factory packaging of Kathabar
 Kathapac regenerator with fan conditioner and regenerator, which
 Regenerator exhaust plenum may include mounting of all
 Kathene solution heater & control components on a curbed FRP
valve platform, factory installation of
 All hand valves in Kathene solution Kathene piping, power wiring and
piping controls, and single-point
 Kathene solution transfer meter connections for utilities
 Electric control panel  Factory insulation of conditioner,
 Level control panel regenerator, and optional modules
The following items are required for a Pre-Installation Storage
complete system installation but are not Equipment should be protected from the
normally supplied by Kathabar: weather prior to installation. Indoor
 Conditioner fan (4000 and larger storage is preferred. If indoor storage
units) cannot be arranged, the equipment
 Interconnecting ductwork with should be set on blocking and securely
access doors for servicing covered with tarpaulins. Kathene
eliminators and diffusers solution must be stored in an area
 Interconnecting Kathene solution having a minimum temperature above
piping (except SP units factory freezing.
piped) Rigging and Handling
 Conditioner coolant piping and Kathapac equipment should be lifted
control valve only from the bottom of the unit. When
 Regenerator steam or hot water lifting lugs or eyes are provided, they
piping should be used for lifting by crane. If
 Makeup water piping and control lifting lugs are not provided, slings
valve should be used. Spreader bars must be
 Interconnecting electrical wiring used to prevent equipment damage. If
(except SP units factory wired) the equipment must be laid on its back
 Insulation or side during movement, Kathabar
 Sound attenuator and vibration Engineering should be consulted for
isolation, if required advice to prevent equipment damage.
The following optional equipment can be Equipment Location
supplied by Kathabar: Conditioner and regenerator units need
 Transfer interchanger not be installed in the same location,
 Preconditioning module, which may and may be located wherever
contain inlet air louver, air filters, convenient. Units may be installed
winter preheat coil, summer precool outside if adequate freeze protection is
coil and controls, complete with provided for water, steam and
appropriate access doors and condensate piping and weatherproof
access plenums insulation is provided as needed.

29
The Engineering Data Tables should be recommended plenum and ductwork
used to obtain the operating weights of sizes.
the conditioner and regenerator units for Regenerator Exhaust Ductwork
structural design. Conditioner and Because the regenerator exhaust air is
regenerator units should be set on a hot and humid, the regenerator exhaust
level concrete floor, housekeeping pad, ductwork should be made of fiber-
or piers. If piers are to be used, contact reinforced polyester (FRP). The
Kathabar for recommendations on pier material should be rated for continuous
size and location. Before the duty at 180°F. Duct joints should be of
equipment is set in place, the floor watertight construction. Long horizontal
should be sealed with an epoxy duct runs should be pitched slightly in
sealant. To facilitate startup and the direction of airflow, and should
normal maintenance procedures, the incorporate low-point condensate
equipment should be surrounded by drains.
curbing. A floor drain should be located Kathene Solution Piping
inside the curbing and near the The conditioner piping should be CPVC
conditioner pump tank. If the equipment or FRP. If the design Kathene
cannot be surrounded by curbing, piping temperature in the conditioner is below
should be run from the safety drain freezing, FRP pipe should be used
connection to a floor drain or a suitable because CPVC pipe becomes brittle at
container. low temperatures. Only FRP piping is
Adequate area should be provided recommended for the regenerator.
around the conditioner, regenerator, and Black iron, galvanized and stainless
heat exchangers for maintenance. steel pipe must not be used for
Recommended maintenance access Kathene piping. CPVC piping should
areas are shown on the equipment be Schedule 80, Type IV, Grade 1,
drawings. 4120, in accordance with ASTM
Plenums & Ductwork Standard 1784. FRP piping should be
Kathapac units are provided with Fibercast Centricast III EP, Smith Green
flanges on the air openings for duct Thread, or other equivalent epoxy resin
connection. Inlet and outlet plenums pipe and fittings with an interior
should be bolted to the flange with a corrosion barrier and rated for
gasket between the connection. continuous service at 225°F with
Closed-cell foam gasketing at least chloride brines. Valves in the
one-fourth inch thick is recommended. conditioner Kathene piping should be
Access doors, for servicing diffusers made of CPVC or thermoplastic-lined
and eliminators, must be provided in cast iron with non-metallic disc.
the inlet and outlet plenums. See the Consult Kathabar Engineering for more
equipment drawings for recommended detailed materials and construction
access door size and location. Inlet information.
ductwork must be designed to allow Thermowells in the Kathene piping
uniform distribution of the air across the should be titanium (available from
entire opening. Kathabar). Stainless steel thermowells
Outlet plenums and ductwork must be must not be used.
designed to allow adequate room for All pipe fittings should be socket fittings,
servicing the eliminators and to provide and all connections with valves and
proper airflow through the equipment. other components must be flanged.
See the equipment drawings for Threaded fittings and connections

30
should be avoided because the pipe is outside, weather protective covering
significantly weakened, and threaded should be applied.
joints in non-metallic pipe are difficult to The outer casing of the conditioner
make leak-tight. Red rubber or and regenerator must not be
neoprene full-face gaskets are penetrated with insulation fasteners.
recommended in flanged connections. The use of contact cement or other
The piping must be supported so that no adhesive is recommended for insulation
stress is placed on connections to the fastening. Contact the insulation
Kathapac equipment. Pipe supports and manufacturer for adhesive
anchors may require closer spacing recommendations for an FRP substrate.
than with metal pipe. All piping should be pressure tested for
Piping should be installed at least two leaks before insulating.
feet away from all maintenance access
openings and belt guards.
If the Kathene piping cannot drain
completely by gravity, low-point drains
with lined metal or non-metallic hand
valves must be provided.
Kathene pump discharge piping must be
arranged to allow removal of the pump
from the pump tank. The pump
discharge piping should incorporate a
90° elbow or a vertical spool piece at
least four feet long so the pump can be
lifted vertically from the tank.
Insulation
To prevent surface condensation
(sweating) and minimize coolant use,
conditioners should be insulated
whenever a coolant other than cooling
tower water is used. The entire unit
including Kathene and coolant piping
should be insulated. Flexible rubber,
rigid foam plastic, or other non-
permeable, vapor-tight insulation
material is recommended for
conditioners. When the equipment is
installed outside, an ultraviolet and
weather protective coating should be
applied to the insulation.
Regenerators need not be insulated
unless heat gain in the equipment
location is a concern.
Steam or hot water piping should be
insulated with at least two inch thick
rigid plastic faced fiberglass or equal.
Kathene solution piping should also be
insulated if required for personnel
protection. If the equipment is installed
31
 Kathapac Sample Specifications
General constructed of vinylester FRP. Internal
The humidity conditioning system shall parts shall be made of non-metallic
be of the liquid desiccant type, as corrosion proof materials. The
manufactured by Kathabar. conditioner and regenerator Kathene
The system shall be capable of circulating pumps shall be of the
simultaneous air cooling and sealless magnetic-drive type, with
dehumidification, as described in the wetted parts made of glass-filled
P e rf o rm a n ce se ct io n of this PVDF or glass-filled polypropylene.
specification. The system shall The conditioner fan shall consist of a
automatically, fully modulate the usage galvanized steel housing containing a
of conditioner coolant and regenerator steel, forward-curved fan, and motor
heat to match the system cooling and and drive. The fan housing shall be
dehumidification loads. Heresite coated on the inside and
The desiccant solution, Kathene, shall painted with a prime and finish coat of
consist of a water solution of lithium industrial enamel on the outside. The
chloride salt. The solution shall be conditioner fan shall be shipped loose
stable and non-toxic and shall not exist for field mounting.
in the vapor phase in the conditioned The regenerator fan shall consist of a
airstream. The manufacturer shall vinylester FRP housing, glass-filled
provide the end user with analysis and polyamid backward-inclined wheel and
recommendations for maintenance of inlet cone, and direct-drive motor. The
the desiccant solution six times yearly fan shall be factory-mounted on the
free of charge for the life of the regenerator.
equipment. The conditioner Kathene cooler and
The humidity conditioning system shall regenerator Kathene heater shall be of
consist of separate conditioning and the plate-and-frame type, with steel
regeneration units, providing complete frame, carrier bars and tiebolts,
separation of conditioned and titanium plates and nitrile or EPDM
regeneration airstreams. The gaskets. The solution heater shall be
manufacturer shall guarantee that there supplied with the heating fluid control
will be no cross leakage of conditioner valve. The control panel shall consist
and regenerator airstreams under any of a NEMA 12 FRP enclosure
circumstances. containing fused disconnect, motor
Equipment starters for all motors supplied with the
SP UNITS equipment, start/stop buttons, system
The equipment supplied shall consist of status indicator lamps and PLC
a conditioner, conditioner fan, controller with alphanumeric display
conditioner Kathene cooler, regenerator, and keypad user interface. The panel
regenerator fan, regenerator Kathene shall be factory mounted on the
heater, control panel and base platform. conditioner unit.
The conditioner and regenerator shall All the above equipment shall be
each consist of a water-tight housing mounted on a FRP-clad structural
containing the sump, inlet air diffuser, steel base. All Kathene piping shall be
Kathene-to-air contact surface, Kathene factory-installed using FRP and CPVC
distribution system and mist eliminator pipe and fittings. All wiring between
system. The housing shall be the control panel, motors and controls

32
shall be factory-installed using PVC plenum and fan shall be shipped loose for
conduit. All FRP components shall contain field-mounting.
additives to achieve a U.L. class 1 flame The regenerator shall be supplied with a
spread rating. The exterior surfaces of all fan and fan box assembly consisting of
FRP components shall be pigmented and housing, forward-curved fan, motor and
UV stabilized for exposure to direct drive. The fan shall be made of steel. The
sunlight. fan box shall be made of galvanized steel,
ALL OTHER EQUIPMENT with interior surfaces Heresite coated and
The major items of equipment shall exterior surfaces painted with a prime and
consist of a conditioner unit, a conditioner finish coat of industrial-grade acrylic
Kathene cooler, a regenerator unit, a machine enamel. The fan and fan box
regenerator Kathene heater, an electrical assembly shall be shipped mounted on
control panel and a level control panel. 6FP and smaller regenerators. The fan and
The conditioner and regenerator units shall fan box assembly shall be shipped loose
each consist of a watertight housing for field mounting on 10FP and larger
containing the sump, Kathene-to-air regenerators.
contact surface, Kathene distribution The regenerator shall be supplied with a
system and mist eliminator system. 240 vinylester FRP discharge plenum with
through 600FV conditioners and 1.5 eliminator access door, duct attachment
through 6FP regenerators shall be collar and condensate collection ring. The
mounted on a FRP-clad platform along plenum shall be shipped loose for field
with sealless magnetic-drive Kathene mounting.
pump having all wetted parts made of The conditioner Kathene cooler and
glass-filled PVDF or polypropylene. All regenerator Kathene heater shall be of the
other units shall be supplied with a plate-and-frame type, with steel frame,
freestanding pump assembly with tank, carrier bars and tiebolts, titanium plates
vertical sealless Kathene pump and and nitrile or EPDM gaskets. The Kathene
motor, full-flow filter screen and bypass heater shall be supplied complete with
polishing filter. The pump shall be made heating fluid control valve. The heat
with a titanium shaft and hardware and all exchangers shall be shipped loose for field
other wetted parts of vinylester FRP. Unit installation.
housings and pump tanks shall be made of The electrical control panel shall consist of
vinylester FRP, with additives to achieve a safety interlock relays and circuitry, motor
U.L. class 1 flame spread rating. All starters for all motors supplied with the
internal parts shall be made of nonmetallic equipment, hand-off-auto switch, start-stop
corrosion-proof materials. All external FRP buttons, and system status indicator lamps,
surfaces shall be pigmented and UV all contained in a NEMA 12 enclosure with
stabilized for exposure to direct sunlight. lockable, fixed disconnect. The panel shall
The conditioner shall be supplied with a be shipped loose for field installation.
discharge air plenum with mist eliminator The level control panel shall consist of
access door, and a fan box assembly safety interlock pressure switch, unit
consisting of housing, forward-curved fan, pressure drop indicator, bubbler tube
and motor and drive. The fan shall be supply pneumatics, P/I transducer, I/P
made of steel. The discharge air plenum transducer, and PID single -loop
and fan box shall be made of galvanized microprocessor-based controller, all
steel, with interior surfaces Heresite contained in a NEMA 12 fiberglass
coated and exterior surfaces painted with a enclosure. The level control panel shall be
prime and finish coat of industrial-grade shipped mounted.
acrylic machine enamel. The discharge air
33
 Equipment Performance and
Utilities Requirements
The Kathapac system specified herein shall provide the following design performance
when furnished with the specified peak utilities:

Design Performance

Conditioner airflow: ____SCFM, ____" W.C. Pressure Drop

Conditioner fan: ____" T.S.P., ____" Available E.S.P.
Summer inlet conditions: ____°F DB, ____°F WB ____Gr/Lb
Summer delivered conditions: ____°F DB, ____°F WB ____Gr/Lb
Summer coolant: ____GPM of ____°F ____, ____°F T.R., ____Ft. P.D.
Winter inlet conditions: ____°F DB, ____°F WB ____Gr/Lb
Winter delivered conditions: ____°F DB, ____°F WB ____Gr/Lb
Winter heat requirements: ____Lbs/Hr ____psig Steam

Regenerator airflow: ____SCFM, ____" W.C. Pressure Drop

Regenerator fan: ____"T.S.P., ____" Available E.S.P.
Summer inlet conditions: ____°F DB, ____°F WB ____Gr/Lb
Summer heat requirements: ____Lbs/Hr ____psig Steam
Or ____GPM of ____°F ____, ____°F T.R., ___Ft.
P.D.

Summary of Peak Utilities

Coolant: ____Tons of ____°F ____

Summer heat: ____Lbs/Hr ____psig Steam
Winter heat: ____Lbs/Hr ____psig Steam
Control air: 20 psig, Instrument Quality
Electrical characteristics: ____V, ____Ph, ____Hz

Electrical total connected load:

Conditioner fan: ____HP
Conditioner pump: ____HP
Regenerator fan: ____HP
Economizer pump: ____HP

34
Notes

35
Notes

36
Notes

37
 673 Ontario Street
Buffalo, NY 14207
1-888-9KATHABAR
[email protected] / www.kathabar.com
38