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    Solenoid

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    Joyjeet Barman
    A solenoid is an electromagnet that generates a controlled magnetic field through a tightly wound coil. The magnetic field inside an infinitely long solenoid is homogeneous and does not depend on distance from the axis or the solenoid's cross-sectional area. The magnetic field lines inside point in the positive z direction and outside point in the negative z direction. The magnetic flux density outside a solenoid is practically zero since the field lines must form closed loops and the volume outside is much greater than inside.

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    Solenoid

    Uploaded by

    Joyjeet Barman
    126 views3 pages
    A solenoid is an electromagnet that generates a controlled magnetic field through a tightly wound coil. The magnetic field inside an infinitely long solenoid is homogeneous and does not depend on distance from the axis or the solenoid's cross-sectional area. The magnetic field lines inside point in the positive z direction and outside point in the negative z direction. The magnetic flux density outside a solenoid is practically zero since the field lines must form closed loops and the volume outside is much greater than inside.

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    solenoid working and experiment

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    solenoid

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    A solenoid is an electromagnet that generates a controlled magnetic field through a tightly wound coil. The magnetic field inside an infinitely long solenoid is homogeneous and does not depend on distance from the axis or the solenoid's cross-sectional area. The magnetic field lines inside point in the positive z direction and outside point in the negative z direction. The magnetic flux density outside a solenoid is practically zero since the field lines must form closed loops and the volume outside is much greater than inside.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    126 views3 pages

    Solenoid

    Uploaded by

    Joyjeet Barman
    A solenoid is an electromagnet that generates a controlled magnetic field through a tightly wound coil. The magnetic field inside an infinitely long solenoid is homogeneous and does not depend on distance from the axis or the solenoid's cross-sectional area. The magnetic field lines inside point in the positive z direction and outside point in the negative z direction. The magnetic flux density outside a solenoid is practically zero since the field lines must form closed loops and the volume outside is much greater than inside.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    SOLENOID

    A solenoid is a type of electromagnet, the purpose of


    which is to generate a controlled magnetic field through
    a coil wound into a tightly packed helix. The term was
    invented in 1823 by André-Marie Ampère to designate a
    helical coil.
    INSIDE OF A SOLENOID
    The magnetic field inside an infinitely long solenoid is
    homogeneous and its strength neither depends on the distance
    from the axis, nor on the solenoid's cross-sectional area.
    This is a derivation of the magnetic flux density around a
    solenoid that is long enough so that fringe effects can be
    ignored. In Figure 1, we immediately know that the flux density
    vector points in the positive z direction inside the solenoid, and
    in the negative z direction outside the solenoid. We confirm this
    by applying the right hand grip rule for the field around a wire. If
    we wrap our right hand around a wire with the thumb pointing in
    the direction of the current, the curl of the fingers shows how
    the field behaves. Since we are dealing with a long solenoid, all
    of the components of the magnetic field not pointing upwards
    cancel out by symmetry. Outside, a similar cancellation occurs,
    and the field is only pointing downwards.
    Now consider the imaginary loop c that is located inside the
    solenoid. By Ampère's law, we know that the line
    integral of B (the magnetic flux density vector) around this loop
    is zero, since it encloses no electrical currents (it can be also
    assumed that the circuital electric field passing through the loop
    is constant under such conditions: a constant or constantly
    changing current through the solenoid). We have shown above
    that the field is pointing upwards inside the solenoid, so the
    horizontal portions of loop c do not contribute anything to the
    integral. Thus the integral of the up side 1 is equal to the
    integral of the down side 2. Since we can arbitrarily change the
    dimensions of the loop and get the same result, the only
    physical explanation is that the integrands are actually equal,
    that is, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is radially uniform.
    Note, though, that nothing prohibits it from varying
    longitudinally, which in fact it does
    OUTSIDE OF SOLENOID
    A similar argument can be applied to the loop a to conclude that
    the field outside the solenoid is radially uniform or constant. This
    last result, which holds strictly true only near the center of the
    solenoid where the field lines are parallel to its length, is
    important as it shows that the flux density outside is practically
    zero since the radii of the field outside the solenoid will tend to
    infinity.
    An intuitive argument can also be used to show that the flux
    density outside the solenoid is actually zero. Magnetic field lines
    only exist as loops, they cannot diverge from or converge to a
    point like electric field lines can (see Gauss's law for magnetism).
    The magnetic field lines follow the longitudinal path of the
    solenoid inside, so they must go in the opposite direction outside
    of the solenoid so that the lines can form a loop. However, the
    volume outside the solenoid is much greater than the volume
    inside, so the density of magnetic field lines outside is greatly
    reduced. Now recall that the field outside is constant. In order for
    the total number of field lines to be conserved, the field outside
    must go to zero as the solenoid gets longer.
    Of course, if the solenoid is constructed as a wire spiral (as often
    done in practice), then it emanates an outside field the same way
    as a single wire, due to the current flowing overall down the
    length of the solenoid.

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