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01 Pengantar Database

This document provides an overview of database systems and concepts. It discusses basic concepts like data, fields, records and files. It also describes database management systems, their components and functions. Finally, it discusses database models and the different types of relationships in conceptual models. The key topics covered are basic database concepts, DBMS components and functions, and database modeling.

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47 views10 pages

01 Pengantar Database

This document provides an overview of database systems and concepts. It discusses basic concepts like data, fields, records and files. It also describes database management systems, their components and functions. Finally, it discusses database models and the different types of relationships in conceptual models. The key topics covered are basic database concepts, DBMS components and functions, and database modeling.

Uploaded by

imam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Systems

An Introduction

Trisita Novianti
Industrial Engineering Dept.

Contents

1. Basic Concept of DBMS (Database Management Systems)


2. Process Modeling
– Model Driven Analysis
– Logical Model
– Data Flow Diagram/DFD
3. Data Modeling
– Entity Relationship Diagram/ERD
– Making Tables
– Making Fields
– Making Records
– Making Primary and Foreign Key
– Logical Relation
– Data normalization
4. Query Language
5. Exercises

1
Highlight

1.1 Basic Concept


1.2 Database Management Systems
1.3 Database Model

1.1 Basic Concept

Data Fakta yang berupa data mentah yang masih Kurang bermakna
jika tidak diorganisasikan dengan cara yang lebih logis. Unit
data terkecil yang data dikenali computer adalah karakter,
seperti huruf A, angka 5, simbol ? > * +.
Field Sebuah karakter atau sekelompok karakter (alphabetic atau
numeric) yang mempunyai arti yang lebih spesifik. Contoh:
Nama mahasiswa, IPK, NIM
Record Satu atau sekumpulan field yang terhubungan secara logis
yang mendeskripsikan seseorang, sebuah tempat, atau
sesuatu yang lain. Contoh: record mahasiswa bisa berisi nama,
alamat, nomor telpon, tanggal kelahiran, IP, dll.
File Sekumpulan record yang saling terkait. Contoh: sebuah file
bisa tediri dari record-record semua mahasiswa yang saat ini
belajar di TI Unijoyo.
4

2
1.2 Database Management Systems

• The database represents a change in the way end user data


are stored, accessed, and managed.
• Logically related data are stored in a single data repository.
• DBMS makes it easier to eliminate most of the file system’s
data inconsistency, data anomalies, and data structural
dependency problems.
• DBMS stores not only the data structure, but also the
relationships.
• Not the difference between a database and a DBMS

3
4
• The Database System Components
– Hardware
• Computer

• Peripherals

– Software
• Operating systems software

• DBMS software

• Applications programs and utilities software

• The Database System Components


– People
• Systems administrators:

• Database administrators

• Database designers

• Systems analysts and programmers

• End users

– Procedures
• Instructions and rules that govern the design and use of
the database system
– Data
• Collection of facts stored in the database

5
• Types of Database Systems
– Number of Users
• Single-user

• Multi-user

– Scope
• Desktop (Single user)

• Workgroup (Used by a department, number of users < 50)

• Enterprise (Used by the entire organization, users in 100s)

• Types of Database Systems


– Location
• Centralized (Database located in a single site)

• Distributed (Database distributed across multiple sites)

– Use
• Transactional

– Data integrity, consistency and operational efficiency are


important
• Decision support

– Historical, aggregated data

– Used for managerial decision making

• Data warehouse

– Used for decision support

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• DBMS Functions
– Data Dictionary Management
• Data dictionary stores definitions of the data elements and
their relationships (metadata).
• It removes structural and data dependency from the
system.
– Data Storage Management
• DBMS creates data storage structure and relieves the
programmer from the task of defining and programming
physical data characteristics.

• DBMS Functions (cont.)


– Data Transformation and Management
• DBMS transforms data from its logical format to its
physical format and vice versa.
– Security Management
• DBMS provides user security and data privacy within the
database.
• Data security is especially important in multi-user
database.

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• DBMS Functions (cont.)
– Multi-User Access Control
• DBMS ensures that multiple users can access the database
concurrently and still guarantees the integrity of the
database.
– Backup and Recovery Management
• DBMS provides backup and recovery procedures to ensure
data safety and integrity.
– Data Integrity Management
• DBMS promotes and enforces integrity rules to eliminate
data integrity problems.
• Ensuring data integrity is especially important in transaction-
oriented database systems.

• DBMS Functions (cont.)


– Database Access Languages & Application Programming
Interfaces
• The DBMS’s non procedural query language simplifies
data access
• Data Definition Language (DDL) is used to define the
database structure
• Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used for accessing
and manipulating data
• DBMS also provides interfaces to application programs
written in procedural languages such as COBOL
(Common Business Oriented Language), C, etc.

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• DBMS Functions (cont.)
– Database Communication Interfaces
• DBMS provides communication interfaces so that
the database can be accessed through a network

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1.3 Database Model

A database model is a collection of logical constructs used to


represent the data structure and the data relationships
found within the database.

Two Categories of Database Models


– Conceptual models focus on the logical nature of the data
representation. They are concerned with what is represented
rather than how it is represented.
– Implementation models place the emphasis on how the
data are represented in the database or on how the data
structures are implemented.

Three Types of Relationships in Conceptual Database Models


– One-to-many relationships
– Many-to-many relationships
– One-to-one relationships

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