Given- Ht of wall above GL-5.

5, sbc- 170kn/m2, bottom thickness of stem

density of soil(gama)-18kn/m3, phi- 30, mu- 0.5,
M20 Fe415 moment= force* perp dist, => Pa*h/3 =
(0.5*1/3*18*6.2*6.2)* (6.2/3), => M=
Data to determine- stem ht, bottom, top, width, 283.3kn-m
length, depth of foundation, width of base, toe
slab, Pa, Pb, uplift press (Pmax, Pmin), fos factored moment Mu= 1.5*M= 357.48
against overturning, against sliding. Mu= 0.138*fck*bd2= 357.48*10^6=
Step1- coeff of earth press 0.138*20*1100*d^2, => d= 359.89=450(by
adding conc cover on both sides)
Ka= 1-sin(phi)/1+sin(phi) where phi=30 given,
therefore Kp=1/3 and Kp= 1/Ka= 3 Width of heel slab= 4-1.2-0.45= 2.35m

Step2 – dimension of wall Load type, hori load, perp dist from A
normal abt A
Let length of wall be 1m, ht of RW= ? ht of wall=
5.5, Active earth press, Pa= 0.5 Ka* gama*h*h=
134.67, H/3= 6.7/3=2.23,
Depth of foundation= ht of wall under GL, width 134.97*2.23=300.31
of toe and heel, width of base slab.
Uplift press=> R should be at the middle
A) Depth of foundation= ht of wall under third of the base
GL
Moment due to resultant force= summation
2
Df= SBC/gama (1-sin(phi)/1+sin(phi)) => V* Xbar= Mr-Mo, xbar= Mr-Mo/Summation
1701/18(1/3)2= Df=1.04 or 1.2mts V

b) base width(b)= root over(3P/2gama), P= 923.49-300.31/368.21= 1.69,

active press of wall due to backfill e(eccentricity= B/2-xbar= 0.31m

Pa=Ka(gama)H, 1/3*18*total ht of RW= Pmax<SBC and Pmin>0

1/3*18*(5.5+1.2)= Pa=40.2kn/m2
Pmax= P/A+ M/Ƶ,=> P= summation V=
Pa= 0.5*Ka*(gama)* h*h, where, Ka=1/3, 368.26, A=b*1=b=4, M=P*e= 368.28*0.3, Ƶ=
gama= 18, h=6.7 => Pa= 134.67 bd^2/6= 1*4^2/3=8/3

Putting all values in (b) b= 3.35 =>4 approx, Pmax= putting all values we get Pmax=
138.86kn/m <SBC so SAFE
Width of toe slab= 1/3*b (as per middle
third rule), => 1/3*3.35= 1.2 approx Pmin= 49.25kn/m >0 so safe

B=4 and toe width-1.2 Fos angst Overturning,

Mr/Mo=923.49/300.31=3.075.1.5 safe
c) thickness of base width= H/12 to H/15, =>
h=6.7 let us take thickness of base width=
0.5m
 FOS angst slipping, sliding force= 211.13, 1.57>1.5 so safe
Resissting force= 134.6, => 211.13/134.6=

D=13mD=13m =9.33
H=5mH=5m 1⋅5=325×1031000x+t(9⋅33−1)×2585⋅08
6at=1.5N/mm2 =195⋅13mm
6st=130N/mm2 t≈200mm
1) Volume of tank = πR2HπR2H 5) Vertical reinforcement
D=13m
100mm=0.3
∴R=6.5m∴R=6.5m 200mm=?
V=π×6.52×5 450mm=0.2
V=663.66m3 ∴Astmin=0.271
2) Hoop tension 0.271100×1000×200
=542mm2
T=Lrw×H×D2 use 12 mm ϕϕ bar
T=10×5×132 Spacing=π4×122542×1000
T=325 KN = 208.67 mm
3) Horizontal reinforcement
≈200mm
Ast=T6st provide 12mm ϕϕ bar @ 200mm c/c
Ast=325×103130 6) Design of base slab
Ast=2500 mm2
use 24 mm ϕϕ bar Assume thickens of base slab = 300 mm
Spacing=π4×2422500×1000
= 180.95mm ≈175mm provide 24mm ϕϕ @ 175mm 300 mm - 0.242 %
c/c
Ast=0.242100×1000×300
Astp=π4×242175×1000 =726mm2
= 2585.08mm2 use 16mm ϕϕ bar
4) Calculation of thickness Spacing=π4×162726×1000
= 276.95 mm
6at=T1000x+t(m−1)Astp
m=280/3 6cbc ≈250mm
but 6cbc=30/3=10 provide 16 mm ϕϕ bar @ 250mm c/c
∴280/3×10
 1. Design of Bunkers with Rectangular or Square
Bottom
The main structural elements that constitutes a bunker are shown in figure-2. They
comprise of

o Vertical walls

o Hopper Bottom

o Edge Beam (At the top level)

o Supporting Columns

Fig.2: Structural Elements of a bunker

Step 1: Design of Vertical Walls

Based on Rankine’s Theory, the lateral pressure applied on the vertical wall can be given
by the formula
Where, Pa = Lateral pressure intensity that is acting at a height of ‘h’.
L = Length of the bunker

B = Breadth of the bunker

a = Angle of surcharge (The material slope as shown in figure-3)

= Angle of rupture

w = density of the material stored in the bunker

Fig.3: Representation of angle of surcharge (?) and pressure component acting on

walls (p).

This pressure pa is acting in the direction parallel to angle of surcharge. So, the pressure
that is applied on the vertical walls are the horizontal component of pa. Let it be p as
shown in figure-3.

Design Moments:
a) Negative Moments at the supports
b) Positive Bending Moment at the center of longer sides (AB or CD)

c) Positive Bending Moment at the center of shorter sides (BC or AD)

Direct Tension:
a) Tension in long walls

b) Tension in Short walls

Effective depth:
The effective depth is given by the formula

To resist maximum bending moment adequate thickness should be provided. The

reinforcement details are provided for the vertical walls based on the maximum bending
moments and the direct tension design values.

The reinforcement obtained from above equation (Ast), is arranged in the horizontal
direction. Minimum distribution reinforcement is provided in the vertical direction.
Minimum cross section of 300mm x 300mm edge beams are provided at the top, to
facilitate attachments used by conveyor supports.

Step 2: Design of Hopper Bottom

The hopper bottom is designed for direct tension caused due to:
a) Self weight of the material
b) Self weight of sloping slab

Fig. 4: Sloping slab in the hopper subjected to direct tension

Fig.5: Sloping Slab in Hopper Bottom Subjected to bending

From figure-4 and 5,

wt = weight of material
Calculation of Direct tension

Where, is the angle between the horizontal and the sloping slab.

Calculation for Bending Moment

To determine the maximum moments at the supports and the center of the sloping slab,
we need to determine the normal pressure intensity which is the sum of normal pressure
due to material weight and the self-weight of the slab
a) Due to material weight
If w = density of the material
h= average height at the center of the slope of bottom
L = Effective span at the center of the slope, as shown in figure-5
Then, Normal pressure intensity for depth h is

hence after rearranging,

b) Due to self-weight of slab

Let Wd be the self-weight of slab
Its normal component with respect to plane of slab is given by,

Hence total normal pressure intensity is given by,

Hence,

Maximum Negative Bending Moment at Supports

Positive Bending Moment at the Center

2. Design consideration of Bunkers with Circular

Bottom
For design of bunkers with circular cross section, vertical walls are subjected to a hoop
tension along the diameter of the bunker. The value of hoop tension is given by the
formula

Th = 0.5ph .D
D = Diameter of the bunker
ph = horizontal component of pressure at a depth h from the top
The reinforcement details are provided to resist the hoop tension for this a minimum
thickness of 120mm is recommended.

The hopper bottom is designed for both direct and hoop tension due to normal pressure
on the sloping slabs.

Minimum vertical reinforcement is provided based on the bar used.

Step 3: Design of Columns

Columns are designed for compression and bending. The loads on the columns are due
to:

a) Vertical loads = weight of stored material + self-weight of members

b) Horizontal loads = Wind Loads