foundation and principles of

education

Group 5 :
1. Nauli viorito Sirait (4192421024)
2. Maria angel Sitorus (4192421016)
3. Tia pebrianti ulina lubis(4192421019)

Philosophy of education
Faculity of mathematics and Natural
sciences
Bilingual physics education 2019
Unimed
 2019

CHAPTER I
Preliminary

1.1 Background of the Problem

Advances in science and technology, especially information technology have caused the
flow of communication to be fast and without limits. This has a direct impact on the fields of
life and economic norms, such as the exclusion of workers who are less educated and less
skilled, the erosion of local culture due to the rapid flow of information and global culture, as
well as the declining norms of our society that are pluralistic so that we are averse to social
unrest and national disintegration. The measurement of the welfare of a nation has shifted from
physical capital or natural resources to intellectual, knowledge, social, and trust capital. This
requires education that provides Life Skills, that is, to provide students with high competency
skills, skills and expertise so that they are always able to survive in an ever-changing, uncertain
and competitive atmosphere in their lives.. Education as a systematic, systemic conscious effort
always departs from a number of foundations and transfers certain principles. These
foundations and principles are very important, because education is the main pillar of the
development of people and certain national societies. Some of the educational foundations are
philosophical, sociological and cultural foundations, which plays an important role in
determining educational goals. Furthermore the scientific and technological foundation will
encourage education to pick up the future.

This paper will focus on the various educational foundations and principles , as well
as several matters relating to their application. The foundations of education are
philosophical, cultural, psychological, as well as scientific and technological. Whereas the
principle that was dictated was Tut Wuri Handayani's principle, lifelong learning,
independence in learning.

1.2 Problem Formulation

a. What is the basis for education ?
b. What are the various educational bases?
c. What are the principles of education ?
d. What are the basic principles of education ?

1.3 Purpose

a. To find out the understanding of the foundation of education .

b. To find out various kinds of educational foundation.
c. To find out the understanding of educational principles.
d. To find out the basic principles of education .

CHAPTER II
CONTENT

Foundation and Principles of Education and Its Application

Education as a systematic-systemic basic effort always starts from a number of

foundations and transfers a number of certain principles. These foundations and principles are
very important, because education is the main pillar of the development of people and certain
national societies. Some of these educational foundations are philosophical, sociological and
cultural foundations, which play an important role in determining educational
goals. Furthermore the scientific and technological foundation will encourage education to pick
up the future.

This Chapter III will focus on the various educational foundations and principles, as
well as some matters relating to their application. The foundations of education
are philosophical, cultural, psychological, as well as scientific and technological . Whereas the
principle that was dictated was Tut Wuri Handayani's principle , lifelong learning,
independence in learning.

A. EDUCATION BASIS
1. Philosophical Basis
a. Understanding the Philosophical Foundation
Philosophical foundation comes from the viewpoints in the philosophy of education,
concerning belief in human nature, beliefs about the source of values, the essence of
knowledge, and about a better life. The philosophical schools we know today are Idealism,
Realism, Perennialism, Essentialism, Pragmatism and Progressivism and Extentism

1. Essentialism

Essentialism is an educational society which prioritizes theoretical lessons (liberal arts) or

essential teaching materials.

2. Perennialism

Perentialism is the flow of education that prioritizes constant teaching material (perennial)
namely truth, beauty, love for universal goodness.

3. Pragmatism and Progressiveme

Prakmatism is a philosophical school that sees everything from the value of practical uses, in
the field of education, this genre breeds progressivism that opposes traditional education.

4. Reconstructionism

Reconstructionism is a school of educational philosophy that places schools / educational

institutions as pioneers in changing society.

5. Existentialists

Existentialist philosophy of education holds that reality or truth is the existence or existence of
the individual human being himself. The existence of humans in this world has no purpose and
life becomes absorbed because there are humans. Humans are free. What the person will
become will be determined by his own decisions and commitments.

b. Pancasila as the Philosophical Foundation of the National Education

System
Article 2 of RI Law No.2 of 1989 stipulates that national education is based on Pancasila and
the 1945 Constitution. Whereas RI MPR Decree No. II / MPR / 1978 concerning P4 also
emphasized that Pancasila is the soul of all Indonesian people, the personality of the Indonesian
nation, the view of life of the Indonesian nation, and the basis of the Indonesian state.
 2. Sociological foundation
a. Understanding the Sociological Basis
The basis of sociology is related to the development, needs and characteristics of the
community. Educational sociology is a scientific analysis of social processes and patterns of
social interaction in the education system. The scope studied by sociolagi education covers four
fields:

1. Relationship of the education system with other aspects of society.

2. humanitarian relations.

3. The effect of the school on the behavior of its members.

4. Schools in the community, which studies patterns of interaction between schools and other social
groups in their communities.

b. Indonesian society as a sociological foundation of the National Education

System
The development of Indonesian society from time to time has influenced the national education
system. This is very reasonable, considering the need for education is increasing and complex.

Various government efforts have been made to adjust education with community development,
especially in terms of developing a single diversity, both through the activities of the school
track (for example with PPKn lessons, History of National Struggle, and local content), as well
as non-school education pathways (upgrading P4, upgrading P4, P4 correctional non-
upgrading)

3. Cultural foundation
a. Understanding Cultural Foundation
Culture and education have a reciprocal relationship, because culture can be preserved /
developed by passing down culture from generation to generation with success through
education, both formal and informal.

Community members try to make changes in accordance with the times, so that new patterns
of behavior, values and norms are formed in accordance with the demands of society. Efforts
towards these patterns are called cultural transformation. Social institutions which are
commonly used as means of transmission and cultural transformation are educational
institutions, mainly schools and families.
 b. Culture as the Foundation of the National Education System
The preservation and development of unique wealth in each of these areas through educational
efforts as a manifestation of the single diversity of the Indonesian people and nation. This must
be carried out within the framework of strengthening the unity and unity of the nation and state
of Indonesia as the unity side.

4. Psychological Basis
a. Understanding the Philosophical Foundation
Psychological basis related to the principles of learning and child development. Ethn
understanding of students, especially those related to psychiatric aspects is one of the keys to
educational success. Therefore, the results of studies and psychological findings are very
necessary application in the field of education.

As the implication, educators cannot treat each student the same, even if they have something
in common. Preparation of the curriculum needs to be careful in determining the level of
learning experience that will be outlined in teaching and the level of detail of the learning
material outlined.

b. Development of Students as Psychological Basis

Understanding of human growth and development is very important as a basis for
understanding students and finding the right decisions and or actions to assist the process of
growth and development effectively and efficiently.

5. Scientific and technological foundation

a. Understanding the Foundation of Science and Technology
Urgent educational needs tend to force educators to adopt technology from various fields of
technology in the administration of education. Education that is closely related to the process
of channeling knowledge must receive proportional attention in teaching material, thus
education not only plays a role in inheriting science and technology but also helps prepare
people who are aware of science and technology and prospective science and technology
experts. Furthermore, education will be able to realize its function in the preservation and
development of the science and technology.
 b. The development of science and technology as a scientific foundation
Science and technology is one of the results of human thought to achieve a better life, which
begins at the beginning of human life. Educational institutions, especially education pathways
must be able to accommodate and anticipate the development of science and
technology. Teaching material is the result of the development of leading-edge science and
technology, both related to the results of information acquisition and how to obtain that
information and its benefits for the community.

6. Legal Foundation
a. Education according to the 1945 Law
The 1945 Constitution is the highest law in Indonesia. The articles relating to education in the
1945 Constitution are only 2 articles, namely article 31 and Article 32. One tells about
education and the other tells about culture. Article 31 Paragraph 1 reads: Every citizen has the
right to receive teaching. And paragraph 2 of this article reads: The Government strives and
organizes a teaching system Article 32 of the Basic Law reads: The Government promotes the
Indonesian national culture which is regulated by the Law.

b. RI Law No. 2 of 1989 concerning National Education

Not all articles will be discussed in this paper. What is discussed are important articles,
especially those that need a deeper explanation and as a reference for developing
education. First of all is Article 1 Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 7. Paragraph 2 reads as follows:
National education is education that is rooted in national culture based on Pancasila and the
Basic Law 45. This law requires education to be rooted in national culture based on on
Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, hereinafter referred to as Indonesian culture only. This
means that educational theories and educational practices applied in Indonesia must not be
rooted in Indonesian culture. "Next Article 1 Paragraph 7 reads: Educators are members of the
community who are devoted to the administration of education. According to this paragraph
the right to be an educational worker is every member of the community who devotes himself
in organizing education. While what is meant by Educational Personnel is stated in article 27
paragraph 2, which states that education staff includes educators, managers / heads of
educational institutions, inspectors / supervisors, researchers, and educational developers,
librarians, reports, and learning resource technicians. "
 B. PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION
1. The Principle of Tut Wuri Handayani
As the first principle, tut wuri handayani is the core of the university system. The principle
echoed by Ki Hajar Dwantara was later developed by Drs. RMP Sostrokartono by adding two
more slogans, namely Ing Ngarso Sung Sung Tulodo and Ing Madyo Mangun Karso.

Now the three watchwords have been united into one principle, namely:

· Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo (if in the next example)

· Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (if in the midst of giving support and encouragement)

· Tut Wuri Handayani (if behind giving encouragement)

2. Principle of Learning Throughout Life

The principle of lifelong learning (life long learning) is a point of view from the other side of
life long education. A curriculum that can be designed and implemented by paying attention to
two dimensions, namely the vertical and horizontal dimensions.

· The vertical dimensions of the school curriculum include the interrelationship and continuity
between levels of schooling and the relationship with the lives of students in the future.

· The horizontal dimension of the school curriculum is the relationship between learning
experiences in school and experiences outside of school.

3. Principle of Independence in Learning

In teaching and learning activities, as early as possible the independence of learning is
developed by avoiding the interference of the teacher, but the teacher is always ready to help
when needed.

The realization of the principle of independence in learning will place the teacher in the main
role as facilitator and motivator. One approach that provides opportunities in practicing student
learning independence is the CBSA (Active Shiva Learning Method) system.
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion ‫ا‬

 Platform for Education a. The cornerstone Filososfis b. Sosiolagis
foundation c. Cultural Foundation d. Psychological Basis e. Scientific and
Technological Foundation

 Understanding of Principles - Principles of Education The principle of education is

something of truth that is the basis or foundation of thinking, both at the design and
implementation stages of education.

 Principle of Education 1. Principle of Tut Wuri Handayani 2. Principle of Learning

Throughout Life 3. Principle of Independence in Learning